CCIS 170 Final

digital subscriber line (DSL)

A type of connection that uses telephone lines to connect to the Internet and that allows both phone and data transmissions to share the same line.

client/server network (server-based network)

A type of network that uses servers to deliver services to computers that are requesting them (clients).

electronic ink (E ink)

A very crisp, sharp grayscale representation of text achieved by using millions of microcapsules with white and black particles in a clear fluid.

satellite Internet

A way to connect to the Internet using a small satellite dish, which is placed outside the home and is connected to a computer with coaxial cable. The satellite company then sends the data to a satellite orbiting the Earth. The satellite, in turn, sends the data back to the satellite dish and to the computer.

IP

A(n) ________ address is the address that external entities use when communicating with your network.

twisted-pair cable

Cables made of copper wires that are twisted around each other and are surrounded by a plastic jacket (such as traditional home phone wire).

piggybacking

The process of connecting to a wireless network without the permission of the owner of the network.

synchronizing (or syncing)

The process of updating data on portable devices (such as a cell phone or iPod) and a computer so that they contain the same data.

peer-to-peer (P2P) sharing

The process of users transferring files between computers.

transmission media

The radio waves or the physical system (cable) that transports data on a network.

A Point of Presence (POP) is a bank of modems, servers, and routers that

monitors for virus attacks.

Common Gateway Interface (CGI)

A method of designing programs that provides a methodology by which a browser can request a program file be executed instead of just being delivered to the browser.

client/server model

A model of network communications where a client device such as a computer, tablet, or smartphone uses browsers to request services from networks that make up the Internet.

local area network (LAN)

A network in which the nodes are located within a small geographic area.

home area network (HAN)

A network located in a home that's used to connect all of its digital devices.

wide area network (WAN)

A network made up of local area networks (LANs) connected over long distances.

service set identifier (SSID)

A network name that wireless routers use to identify themselves. SSID stands for ________.

Ethernet network

A network that uses the Ethernet protocol as the means (or standard) by which the nodes on the network communicate.

personal area network (PAN)

A network used for communication among devices close to one person, such as smartphones, laptops, and tablets, using wireless technologies such as Bluetooth.

client-side program

A program that runs on the client computer and that requires no interaction with a web server.

connection-oriented protocol

A protocol for exchanging information that requires two computers to exchange control packets, thereby setting up the parameters of the data-exchange session, before sending packets that contain data.

connectionless protocol

A protocol that a host computer can use to send data over the network without establishing a direct connection with any specific recipient computer.

computer protocol

A set of rules for exchanging electronic information.

coaxial cable

A single copper wire surrounded by layers of plastic insulation, metal sheathing, and a plastic jacket; used mainly in cable television and cable Internet service.

applet

A small application located on a server; when requested, the applet is downloaded to the client.

digital signal processor

A specialized chip that processes digital information and transmits signals very quickly.

network-attached storage (NAS) device

A specialized computing device designed to store and manage network data.

high definition

A standard of digital TV signal that guarantees a specific level of resolution and a specific aspect ratio, which is the rectangular shape of the image.

global positioning system (GPS)

A system of 21 satellites (plus 3 working spares), built and operated by the U.S. military, that constantly orbit the earth. The satellites provide information to GPS-capable devices to pinpoint locations on the earth.

digital rights management (DRM)

A system of access control that allows only limited use of material that has been legally purchased.

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

A technology that facilitates making telephone calls across the Internet instead of using conventional telephone lines.

metropolitan area network (MAN)

A wide area network (WAN) that links users in a specific geographic area (such as within a city or county).

data warehouse

Big data analytics is usually associated with ________ services.

network operating system (NOS)

Software that handles requests for information, Internet access, and the use of peripherals for the rest of the network node, providing the services necessary for the computers on the network to communicate.

false

Syntax errors are caught only when a program executes. True or false

firmware

System software that controls hardware devices.

short message service (SMS)

Technology that enables short text messages (up to 160 characters) to be sent over mobile networks.

electronic text (e-text)

Textual information stored as digital information so that it can be stored, manipulated, and transmitted by electronic devices.

wireless fidelity (WiFi)

The 802.11 standard for wireless data transmissions established by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

backward compatibility

The accommodation of current devices being able to use previously issued software standards in addition to the current standards. The capability of a software or hardware product to work with earlier versions of itself

throughput

The actual speed of data transfer that's achieved. It's usually less than the data transfer rate and is measured in megabits per second (Mbps). bandwidth or throughput

resolution

The clearness or sharpness of an image, which is controlled by the number of pixels displayed on the screen.

network architecture

The design of a computer network; includes both physical and logical design.

management information

The field of management information systems (MIS) tries to achieve the broader information systems literacy. MIS deals with behavioral issues as well as technical issues surrounding the development, use, and impact of information systems used by managers and employees in the firm.

binary language

The language computers use to process data into information, consisting of only the values 0 and 1.

data transfer rate

The maximum speed at which data can be transmitted between two nodes on a network; measured in megabits per second (Mbps) or gigabits per second (Gbps).

bandwidth

The maximum speed at which data can be transmitted between two nodes on a network; usually measured in megabits per second (Mbps). See also data transfer rate. Bandwidth describes the amount of data which can be transmitted via a network connection, usually measured in bits per second.

unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cable

The most popular transmission media option for Ethernet networks. UTP cable is composed of four pairs of wires that are twisted around each other to reduce electrical interference.

UTP cable

The most popular transmission media option for wired ethernet networks

sampling rate

The number of times per second a signal is measured and converted to a digital value. Sampling rates are measured in kilobits per second.

machine cycle

The series of steps a central processing unit goes through when it performs a program instruction.

clock speed

The steady and constant pace at which a computer goes through machine cycles, measured in hertz (Hz).

digital convergence

The use of a single unifying device to handle media, Internet, entertainment, and telephony needs; expressed in the range of devices now on the market.

telephony

The use of equipment to provide voice communications over a distance.

decision support

an information system that helps managers understand specific kinds of problems and potential solutions and analyze the impact of different decision options using what if scenarios

cascading style sheet

A list of rules that defines in one single location how to display HTML elements.

CGI script

A CGI program file.

cache memory

A CPU's processing power is determined by the combination of the clock speed, the number of cores, and the amount of ________. A small unit of ultra-fast memory that is used to store recently accessed or frequently accessed data so that the CPU does not have to retrieve this data from slower memory circuits such as RAM.

Cat 6 cable

A UTP cable type that provides more than 1 Gb/s of throughput.

cable Internet

A broadband service that transmits data over coaxial cables.

fiber-optic cable

A cable that transmits data at close to the speed of light along glass or plastic fibers.

How to display HTML elements

A cascading style sheet is a list of rules that defines which of the following?

mobile switching center

A central location that receives cell phone requests for service from a base station.

T line

A communications line that carries digital data over twisted-pair wires.

Internet service provider (ISP)

A company that specializes in providing Internet access. ISPs may be specialized providers, like Juno, or companies that provide other services in addition to Internet access (such as phone and cable television).

network-ready device

A device (such as a printer or an external hard drive) that can be attached directly to a network instead of needing to attach to a computer on the network.

node

A device connected to a network such as a computer, a peripheral (such as a printer), or a communications device (such as a modem).

home network server

A device designed to store media, share media across the network, and back up files on computers connected to a home network.

switch

A device for transmitting data on a network. A switch makes decisions, based on the media access control address of the data, as to where the data is to be sent.

network navigation device

A device on a network such as a router or switch that moves data signals around the network.

wireless range extender

A device that amplifies your wireless signal to get it out to parts of your home that are experiencing poor connectivity.

e-reader

A device that can display e-text and that has supporting tools, like note taking, bookmarks, and integrated dictionaries.

network adapter

A device that enables the computer (or peripheral) to communicate with the network using a common data communication language, or protocol.

router

A device that routes packets of data between two or more networks.

network

A group of two or more computers (or nodes) that are configured to share information and resources such as printers, files, and databases.

broadband

A high-speed Internet connection such as cable, satellite, or digital subscriber line (DSL).

wireless Internet service provider (wireless ISP)

An ISP that provides service to wireless devices such as smartphones.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

An Internet Protocol that creates data packets across the Internet.

classless interdomain routing (CIDR)

An Internet addressing scheme that allows a single Internet protocol (IP) address to represent several unique IP addresses by adding a network prefix to the last octet.

network interface card (NIC)

An expansion card that enables a computer to connect other computers or to a cable modem to facilitate a high-speed Internet connection.

Transport Layer Security (TLS)

An updated extension of Secure Sockets Layer.

hacker

Anyone who unlawfully breaks into a computer system (whether an individual computer or a network).

tethering

Approach which makes sure that as long as you have a 3G signal, your computer can access the Internet even when it tells you there are no available wireless networks. Several smartphones offer this capability.

commerce server

Computers that host software that enables users to buy goods and services over the web.

mobile broadband

Connection to the Internet through the same cellular network that cell phones use to get 3G or 4G Internet access.

true

Creating and spreading online viruses is a cybercrime. True or false

byte

Eight binary digits (bits).

three-way handshake

In Transmission Control Protocol, the process used to establish a connection between two computers before exchanging data. The steps in a three-way handshake are as follows: One computer establishes a connection to the Internet service provider (ISP) and announces it has e-mail to send, the ISP server responds that it's ready to receive, and the computer acknowledges the ready state of the server and begins to transmit the e-mail.

feature phones

Inexpensive cell phones with modest processors, simple interfaces, and, often, no touch screens.

fiber-optic service

Internet access that is enabled by transmitting data at the speed of light through glass or plastic fibers.

network administration

Involves tasks such as (1) installing new computers and devices, (2) monitoring the network to ensure it's performing efficiently, (3) updating and installing new software on the network, and (4) configuring, or setting up, proper security for a network.

cgi-bin

On a web server, a directory created by the network administrator who configures the web server.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

One of the original two protocols developed for the Internet.

machine language

See first-generation language (1GL). Uses numeric codes to represent the most basic computer operations-adding numbers, subtracting numbers, comparing numbers, repeating instructions, and so on.

assembly language

See second-generation language (2GL). A programming language that uses letters and numbers to represent machine language instructions.

circuit switching

Where a dedicated connection is formed between two points (such as two people on telephones) and the connection remains active for the duration of the transmission.

Management of the Internet is carried out by several nonprofit organizations and user groups such as the Internet Society, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), the Internet Architecture Board (IAB), the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Each group has different responsibilities and tasks. Currently, the U.S. government funds a majority of the Internet's costs. Other countries also pay for Internet infrastructure and development.

Who owns, manages, and pays for the Internet?

TCP/IP

________ is the standard communications protocol used on most client/server networks. What protocal does the internet use?