HIST 101 Ch. 14

By the end of 1862, Union forces A. All these answers are correct. B. had driven Confederate forces out of Kentucky. C. had closed the mouth of the Mississippi to Confederate trade. D. had made considerable progress in the West. E. were having little success in the East.

A. All these answers are correct.

The U.S. Military Telegraph Corps was headed by Thomas Scott and what future tycoon? A. Andrew Carnegie B. Cornelius Vanderbilt C. John D. Rockefeller D. Jay Gould E. J. Pierpont Morgan

A. Andrew Carnegie

A major federal victory occurred in April 1862 when Union troops captured the city of A. New Orleans. B. Charleston. C. Vicksburg. D. Chattanooga. E. Mobile.

A. New Orleans.

The wartime South saw A. a significant decline in the production of goods. B. almost no black-market commerce. C. an increase in the sale of cotton overseas. D. numerous bloody slave revolts. E. women forced out of the public sphere.

A. a significant decline in the production of goods.

In naval warfare during the Civil War, A. both the Union and Confederate militaries developed ironclads. B. the Confederacy managed to build a navy equal to that of the Union. C. the Union blockade of the South was largely ineffective. D. the Confederacy managed to seize key Union ports such as Baltimore. E. the Confederacy devastated Union fleets with ironclad warships.

A. both the Union and Confederate militaries developed ironclads.

In 1861, the so-called Trent affair A. created an international diplomatic crisis for Abraham Lincoln. B. was eventually resolved with an indirect apology by England. C. saw the capture of Union diplomats by the Confederate government. D. resulted in France recalling its ambassador from the United States. E. led England to form closer political ties with the Lincoln administration.

A. created an international diplomatic crisis for Abraham Lincoln.

President Abraham Lincoln believed the main objective of the Union armies was to A. destroy the Confederate armies' ability to fight. B. occupy Confederate territory. C. control Confederate ports. D. capture Richmond. E. free Southern slaves.

A. destroy the Confederate armies' ability to fight.

In the election of 1864, President Abraham Lincoln A. faced a Democratic opponent who was a former Union general. B. was greatly aided by Robert E. Lee's surrender just before Election Day. C. won by a narrow margin in the electoral vote. D. proposed a truce in the Civil War. E. emphasized the success of the Republican Party in fighting the Civil War.

A. faced a Democratic opponent who was a former Union general.

As president, Jefferson Davis A. made clear to General Lee that he wanted to make all the basic war decisions. B. relied heavily on the advice of Braxton Bragg. C. deferred all major military strategy to Robert E. Lee. D. created an effective central command system. E. had virtually no knowledge at all of military tactics and strategy.

A. made clear to General Lee that he wanted to make all the basic war decisions.

In the Battle of Gettysburg, in order to reach dug-in Union forces, General George Pickett's division had to cross A. open country. B. an abandoned town. C. thick woods. D. a broad river. E. a steep hill.

A. open country.

The Confederacy financed its war effort primarily through A. printing money. B. seizure of Northern assets. C. selling bonds. D. foreign loans. E. an income tax.

A. printing money.

The Union's national draft law A. resulted in murderous attacks in New York City against free blacks. B. proved to be unnecessary in the war effort. C. saw little in the way of opposition from the public. D. severely discouraged voluntary enlistment. E. allowed no provisions for escaping service.

A. resulted in murderous attacks in New York City against free blacks.

General Ulysses S. Grant A. thought the main Union effort should target enemy armies and resources. B. followed Winfield Scott as Lincoln's military chief of staff. C. believed the key to victory was to capture the Confederate capital. D. did not agree with Abraham Lincoln's general strategic objectives. E. was ultimately succeeded by Henry W. Halleck as chief of staff of the army.

A. thought the main Union effort should target enemy armies and resources.

As the Battle of Vicksburg was ending, another major battle was taking place in A. Shiloh. B. Gettysburg. C. Chickamauga. D. Antietam. E. Atlanta.

B. Gettysburg.

The Battle of Vicksburg in 1863 A. was decided by a massive assault by Union troops. B. allowed the North to split the Confederacy in two. C. put George McClellan back in good standing with President Lincoln. D. briefly revived the military hopes of the Confederacy. E. saw a quick Union victory.

B. allowed the North to split the Confederacy in two.

Prior to becoming president of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis had A. been vice president of the United States. B. been regarded as a moderate on secession. C. called for the imprisonment of abolitionists. D. begged South Carolina not to leave the Union. E. called for a gradual phase-out of slavery.

B. been regarded as a moderate on secession.

African American soldiers in the Union A. were allowed only to dig trenches and transport water. B. experienced a higher mortality rate than white soldiers. C. died in combat in larger numbers than white soldiers. D. constituted a large segment of the initial volunteers who joined the war effort. E. were not paid for their military service.

B. experienced a higher mortality rate than white soldiers.

General Grant's Union forces attacked General Lee's Confederate forces in the month-long A. clash at Nashville. B. northern campaign. C. siege of Vicksburg. D. Battle of Chickamauga. E. Battle of Gettysburg.

B. northern campaign.

The Battle of Gettysburg A. was a Union victory, thanks to Meade having found a copy of Lee's orders. B. represented the last time Confederate forces seriously threatened Union territory. C. saw Union General George Meade lose nearly a third of his army. D. saw Union General George Meade clearly be more aggressive than Robert E. Lee. E. saw Robert E. Lee poised for victory after his attack on Cemetery Ridge.

B. represented the last time Confederate forces seriously threatened Union territory.

Which of the following technologies was used, but did not play a major part in, the Civil War? A. railroads B. submarines C. the telegraph D. cannons E. repeating rifles

B. submarines

The Peninsular campaign in 1862 A. saw General George McClellan plan an ambitious assault on Charleston, South Carolina. B. was an example of General McClellan's conservative approach to battle. C. ultimately ended in a major Union victory and signaled a turning point in the war. D. All these answers are correct. E. saw the first Confederate siege of Washington, D.C.

B. was an example of General McClellan's conservative approach to battle.

The Confederate States of America was formed A. after eleven Southern states had seceded. B. in a meeting hall in Washington, D.C. C. after Texas seceded from the Union. D. despite the passage of the Crittenden Compromise. E. after Fort Sumter fell to forces from seceding states.

C. after Texas seceded from the Union.

In the Civil War, at lower levels of military command, A. amateur officers played important roles in both the Union and Confederate armies; and the professional officers on both sides were mostly Ivy League graduates. B. Northern and Southern commanders had markedly different backgrounds. C. amateur officers played important roles in both the Union and Confederate armies. D. None of these answers is correct. E. professional officers on both sides were mostly Ivy League graduates.

C. amateur officers played important roles in both the Union and Confederate armies.

In the Confederacy, a military draft A. compelled slaves to serve as soldiers. B. was not considered necessary until the last months of the Civil War. C. aroused opposition from poorer whites for its expensive substitute policy. D. never allowed for the hiring of substitutes. E. forced all white males between the ages of 18 and 25 to serve for three years.

C. aroused opposition from poorer whites for its expensive substitute policy.

During the Civil War, "greenbacks" issued by the federal government A. were backed by gold. B. were backed by gold and silver. C. fluctuated in value depending on the fortunes of the Northern armies. D. steadily gained in value as the war progressed. E. were backed by silver.

C. fluctuated in value depending on the fortunes of the Northern armies.

The Union's Committee on the Conduct of the War A. criticized Union generals for having too many combat deaths on both sides. B. limited the financial expenditures by the military. C. often greatly interfered with the conduct of the war. D. was consistently opposed by Radical Republicans such as Benjamin Wade. E. was organized by President Abraham Lincoln.

C. often greatly interfered with the conduct of the war.

In 1860 and 1861, President James Buchanan asserted A. that he would not resupply Fort Sumter, as it was a lost cause. B. that states had the constitutional right to secede from the United States. C. that the federal government had no authority to stop a state from seceding from the Union. D. All these answers are correct. E. that he would surrender Fort Sumter if South Carolina would rejoin the Union.

C. that the federal government had no authority to stop a state from seceding from the Union.

In 1861, the First Battle of Manassas, or Bull Run, A. ended in a stalemate. B. saw a much larger Union force oppose Confederate troops. C. was a victory for the Confederates. D. proved a severe blow to Confederate morale. E. was witnessed by President Lincoln.

C. was a victory for the Confederates.

The most important Union military commander was A. Ulysses S. Grant. B. George Meade. C. William Tecumseh Sherman. D. Abraham Lincoln. E. George McClellan.

D. Abraham Lincoln.

On April 14, 1861, Fort Sumter surrendered after A. the Union commanding officer, Robert Anderson, was killed. B. President Lincoln chose to not resupply the fort. C. the fort's commander decided to join the Confederacy. D. Confederate forces bombarded it for two days. E. Southern soldiers occupied the fort.

D. Confederate forces bombarded it for two days.

Which of the following statements about George B. McClellan is FALSE? A. He ran against Abraham Lincoln in the election of 1864. B. He was found to have, in Lincoln's opinion, a wholly inadequate grasp of strategy, acting too slow for Lincoln's tastes. C. He was eventually replaced by General Henry W. Halleck. D. He originally served as commander of the Army of Northern Virginia. E. He served briefly as chief of staff but returned to the field in March 1862.

D. He originally served as commander of the Army of Northern Virginia.

The Crittenden Compromise found its greatest support in A. abolitionists. B. Republican senators. C. the western territories. D. Southern senators. E. President Abraham Lincoln.

D. Southern senators.

The state admitted to the Union during the Civil War was A. Wisconsin. B. Minnesota. C. Nevada. D. West Virginia. E. Iowa.

D. West Virginia.

The Confiscation Act of 1861 A. gave Union troops the authority to seize Confederate property. B. abolished slavery in the District of Columbia and the western territories. C. saw the Confederate government claim the right to seize free blacks in the South. D. declared that slaves used by Confederate states in the war effort were free. E. empowered banks in the Union to freeze the financial assets of all slaveholders.

D. declared that slaves used by Confederate states in the war effort were free.

The United States Sanitary Commission A. defied the traditional stereotype of women. B. banned women from working in frontline field hospitals. C. was welcomed by male doctors. D. helped turn nursing into a female-dominated profession. E. was organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony.

D. helped turn nursing into a female-dominated profession.

During the Civil War, railroad transportation A. gave commanders much more flexibility in the geographic distribution of their armies. B. None of these answers is correct. C. encouraged smaller engagements with fewer troops. D. in some ways acted to limit the mobility of armies. E. both encouraged smaller engagements with fewer troops, and acted to limit the mobility of armies.

D. in some ways acted to limit the mobility of armies.

In the Emancipation Proclamation, President Abraham Lincoln declared freedom for slaves A. in the slave states that had remained loyal to the Union. B. that joined the Union military. C. throughout all states that existed as part of the United States prior to the Civil War. D. in the parts of the Confederacy still in rebellion. E. in the parts of the Confederacy already under Union control.

D. in the parts of the Confederacy still in rebellion.

The Battle of Antietam in 1862 A. both saw Robert E. Lee field an army twice the size of the Union forces, and led President Abraham Lincoln to remove George McClellan from command. B. saw Robert E. Lee field an army twice the size of the Union forces. C. All these answers are correct. D. led President Abraham Lincoln to remove George McClellan from command. E. was a significant Confederate victory.

D. led President Abraham Lincoln to remove George McClellan from command.

During the Civil War, as a result of new technology in weapons, A. infantry troops began to fight standing in line formations. B. soldiers were forced to carry rudimentary gas masks. C. the Gatling gun became the primary combat weapon. D. organized infantry did not fight in formation. E. battlefields became more organized.

D. organized infantry did not fight in formation.

At the start of the Civil War, the armed forces of the United States A. did not include a navy. B. had almost entirely defected to the Confederate side. C. consisted of roughly 400,000 troops. D. saw many of its soldiers stationed in the West. E. was largely made up of military draftees.

D. saw many of its soldiers stationed in the West.

In the South in 1865, as a result of the Civil War, A. few women could find employment. B. the traditional roles of women were reinforced and maintained. C. large numbers of widowed Southern women married Union soldiers. D. there were more women than men in some states. E. women were granted the right to vote for their wartime service.

D. there were more women than men in some states.

Politically, the Confederate constitution A. gave the president and vice president four-year terms. B. allowed states the right to abolish slavery. C. did not allow anti-secessionists to serve in the Confederate government. D. was almost identical in many respects to the Constitution of the United States. E. gave states the right to secede.

D. was almost identical in many respects to the Constitution of the United States.

As a supporter of land operations, the Union naval presence was particularly important on the A. southern gulf. B. Great Lakes. C. Outer Banks. D. western rivers. E. Chesapeake.

D. western rivers.

In 1861, President Abraham Lincoln realized that volunteer state militias A. could not be counted on to serve longer than three months. B. would operate as a drag on the more efficient and experienced United States army. C. could not wage an effective military campaign. D. would have to do the bulk of fighting for the Union. E. would provide all the military manpower the Union would require.

D. would have to do the bulk of fighting for the Union.

In the Civil War, the number of deaths for every 100,000 of the population was A. 500. B. 1,000. C. 4,000. D. 5,000. E. 2,000.

E. 2,000.

Between 1861 and 1864, the cost of goods in the Confederacy rose by A. 200 percent. B. 3,000 percent. C. 1,000 percent. D. 600 percent. E. 9,000 percent.

E. 9,000 percent.

All of the following were "Radical Republicans" EXCEPT A. Charles Sumner. B. Benjamin Wade. C. Thaddeus Stevens. D. None of these answers is correct. E. Abraham Lincoln.

E. Abraham Lincoln.

All of the following slave states remained in the Union EXCEPT A. Maryland. B. Delaware. C. Kentucky. D. Missouri. E. Arkansas.

E. Arkansas.

Which of the following is true of Jefferson Davis's leadership? A. Davis was helpless to make command decisions without the presence of his top generals. B. Davis refused to appoint a cabinet to help him manage affairs of state. C. Davis demonstrated few administrative abilities. D. Davis spent most of his time dealing with party politics. E. Davis spent more time paying strict adherence to legal and constitutional requirements than on providing genuine national leadership.

E. Davis spent more time paying strict adherence to legal and constitutional requirements than on providing genuine national leadership.

Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House after A. President Jefferson Davis announced the Confederate government was defeated. B. President Lincoln met President Davis. C. President Jefferson Davis was captured by Union forces. D. President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated. E. Lee recognized the futility of continued fighting.

E. Lee recognized the futility of continued fighting.

At the start of the Civil War, the A. South had more combat-age males. B. South had more and better railroads. C. North was unified by a commitment to end slavery. D. South had a massive reserve of cash. E. North had more advanced industrial and transportation systems.

E. North had more advanced industrial and transportation systems.

The first state to secede from the Union, in 1860, was A. Virginia. B. Mississippi. C. Alabama. D. Georgia. E. South Carolina.

E. South Carolina.

Which of the following federally-chartered corporations did the Union create to build the transcontinental railroad? A. Central Pacific B. Union Pacific C. Western Pacific and Central Pacific D. Western Pacific E. Union Pacific and Central Pacific

E. Union Pacific and Central Pacific

The 1862 Morrill Act was designed to help A. banks. B. free blacks. C. industry. D. railroads. E. education.

E. education.

Taxes enacted by the United States Congress to help finance the Civil War A. kept the sale of public bonds low. B. were vetoed by President Lincoln. C. allowed the federal government to avoid incurring significant debt. D. were strongly supported by most citizens in the Union. E. included a new income tax.

E. included a new income tax.

In his capacity as commander in chief, President Abraham Lincoln A. waited for Congress to declare war before dispatching troops to the South. B. argued it was essential that the laws of the Constitution be upheld during the war. C. quickly called on Congress to enact a naval blockade of the South. D. moved cautiously in asserting his war powers. E. increased the size of the army without the approval of Congress.

E. increased the size of the army without the approval of Congress.

In the Confederacy during the Civil War, A. the national government was almost completely impotent in its dealings with the states. B. Southern politicians were strongly united in supporting secession and the war. C. formal political parties quickly developed. D. President Jefferson Davis developed a reputation for reckless political action. E. many Southerners resisted efforts by the Davis government to exert its authority.

E. many Southerners resisted efforts by the Davis government to exert its authority.

In the course of the Civil War, A. English textile workers thrown out of jobs came to resent and oppose the Union. B. the English government consistently supported the Confederacy. C. the French government formally recognized the Confederacy. D. the ruling classes of England and France strongly opposed the Confederacy. E. popular support for the Union was strong in England.

E. popular support for the Union was strong in England.

Disloyal northerners, such as the "Copperheads." were A. intent on using the Civil War to rapidly end slavery. B. Northerners who secretly spied for the Confederacy. C. largely members of the Republican Party. D. strong Lincoln supporters who often suppressed dissent violently. E. sometimes arrested on the order of President Lincoln.

E. sometimes arrested on the order of President Lincoln.

In 1864, General William T. Sherman's "March to the Sea" A. attempted to avoid the civilian population. B. resulted in mass starvation among Sherman's troops. C. saw him face more resistance than Grant faced to his north. D. never reached the Atlantic Ocean. E. was designed in part to demoralize Southerners.

E. was designed in part to demoralize Southerners.