CCP5.1 BIOLOGY: CELL STRUCTURE; NUCLEUS MEDICAL MEDIA

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All cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material.

And even though only plant cells have chloroplasts both plant and animal cells have mitochondrion

Another unique feature in some cells is flagella.

Some bacteria have flagella.

Vacuoles

sac-like structures that store different materials.

Plant cells also have a cell wall outside of their cell membranes

that shape, support, and protect the plant cell.

cytoskeleton.

the cell maintains its shape through a

DNA

the cell's genetic material

in this plant cell

the central vacuole stores water

nucleus

the control center of the cell.

During a process called cellular respiration

the mitochondria make ATP molecules that provide the energy for all the cells activities.

Cells

the smallest living units of an Organism

Organelle

the specialized parts of a cell that have unique jobs to perform.

PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS

two broad categories of cells

rough ER smooth ER

two types of ER

Proteins and other materials emerge from the endoplasmic reticulum in small vesicles

where the Golgi apparatus, sometimes called the Golgi body receives them.

cytoplasm

which is a jelly-like fluid

sperm cell.

The only human cell that has a flagellum is a

Animal cells never have a cell wall

There are many other unique structures that only some cells have.

In humans, for example, the respiratory tract is lined with cells that have cilia.

These are microscopic hair-like projections that can move in waves.

Lysosomes

They are filled with enzymes that break down this cellular debris.

The second category is prokaryotic cells

They do have genetic material but it's not contained within a nucleus.

The second category is prokaryotic cells

They don't have a nucleus or membrane enclosed organelles.

The first category is eukaryotic cells

They have organelles which include the nucleus and other special parts.

eukaryotic cells are plant and animal cells with a nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles

While prokaryotic cells are unicellular organisms without these things.

nucleus

also contains a nucleolus, which is a structure where ribosomes are made.

Prokaryotic cells

always one celled, or unicellular organisms, such as bacteria

Lysosomes

are the garbage collectors that take in damaged or worn out cell parts.

chlorophyll

chloroplast is green because it has a green pigment called

nucleus

contains DNA or genetic material

DNA

dictates what the cell is going to do and how it's going to do it

smooth ER

doesn't have ribosomes attached to it.

Outside the nucleus the ribosomes and the rest of the organelles

float around in cytoplasm, which is the jelly-like substance.

rough ER

has ribosomes attached to it

Cells that need more energy

have more mitochondria.

lysosome

in animal cell, you'll see an organelle called a

Cytoskeleton

includes the thread-like microfilaments which are made of protein and microtubules which are thin hollow tubes

As proteins move through the Golgi body they're customized

into forms that the cell can use.

endoplasmic reticulum

is a membrane enclosed passageway for transporting materials such as the proteins synthesized by ribosomes.

mitochondrion

is an organelle that is the powerhouse for both animal and plant cells.

chloroplast

is where photosynthesis happens

flagellum

it is like a little tail that can help a cell move or propel itself

Chromatin

it is tangled, spread out form of DNA found inside the nuclear membrane.

Ribosomes

it may wander freely within the cytoplasm or attach to the endoplasmic reticulum, sometimes abbreviated as ER.

Some organisms such as plans that are photoautotrophic

meaning they capture sunlight for energy have cells with an organelle called a chloroplast.

Eukaryotic cells

more advanced, complex cells such as those found in plants and animals.

The Golgi body does this by folding the proteins into usable shapes.

or adding other materials on to them such as lipids or carbohydrates

Organelle

"little organ"

"synthesizing"

After ribosomes leave the nucleus they will have the important job of -----, or making, proteins.

All cells have three things in common no matter what type of cell they are.

All cells have a cell membrane which separates the inside the cell from its environment

microscopic hair-like projections that can move in waves

This feature helps trap inhaled particles in the air and expels them when you cough

chromosomes.

When a cell is ready to divide DNA condenses into structures known as


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