CCP5.1 BIOLOGY: CELL STRUCTURE; NUCLEUS MEDICAL MEDIA
All cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material.
And even though only plant cells have chloroplasts both plant and animal cells have mitochondrion
Another unique feature in some cells is flagella.
Some bacteria have flagella.
Vacuoles
sac-like structures that store different materials.
Plant cells also have a cell wall outside of their cell membranes
that shape, support, and protect the plant cell.
cytoskeleton.
the cell maintains its shape through a
DNA
the cell's genetic material
in this plant cell
the central vacuole stores water
nucleus
the control center of the cell.
During a process called cellular respiration
the mitochondria make ATP molecules that provide the energy for all the cells activities.
Cells
the smallest living units of an Organism
Organelle
the specialized parts of a cell that have unique jobs to perform.
PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS
two broad categories of cells
rough ER smooth ER
two types of ER
Proteins and other materials emerge from the endoplasmic reticulum in small vesicles
where the Golgi apparatus, sometimes called the Golgi body receives them.
cytoplasm
which is a jelly-like fluid
sperm cell.
The only human cell that has a flagellum is a
Animal cells never have a cell wall
There are many other unique structures that only some cells have.
In humans, for example, the respiratory tract is lined with cells that have cilia.
These are microscopic hair-like projections that can move in waves.
Lysosomes
They are filled with enzymes that break down this cellular debris.
The second category is prokaryotic cells
They do have genetic material but it's not contained within a nucleus.
The second category is prokaryotic cells
They don't have a nucleus or membrane enclosed organelles.
The first category is eukaryotic cells
They have organelles which include the nucleus and other special parts.
eukaryotic cells are plant and animal cells with a nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles
While prokaryotic cells are unicellular organisms without these things.
nucleus
also contains a nucleolus, which is a structure where ribosomes are made.
Prokaryotic cells
always one celled, or unicellular organisms, such as bacteria
Lysosomes
are the garbage collectors that take in damaged or worn out cell parts.
chlorophyll
chloroplast is green because it has a green pigment called
nucleus
contains DNA or genetic material
DNA
dictates what the cell is going to do and how it's going to do it
smooth ER
doesn't have ribosomes attached to it.
Outside the nucleus the ribosomes and the rest of the organelles
float around in cytoplasm, which is the jelly-like substance.
rough ER
has ribosomes attached to it
Cells that need more energy
have more mitochondria.
lysosome
in animal cell, you'll see an organelle called a
Cytoskeleton
includes the thread-like microfilaments which are made of protein and microtubules which are thin hollow tubes
As proteins move through the Golgi body they're customized
into forms that the cell can use.
endoplasmic reticulum
is a membrane enclosed passageway for transporting materials such as the proteins synthesized by ribosomes.
mitochondrion
is an organelle that is the powerhouse for both animal and plant cells.
chloroplast
is where photosynthesis happens
flagellum
it is like a little tail that can help a cell move or propel itself
Chromatin
it is tangled, spread out form of DNA found inside the nuclear membrane.
Ribosomes
it may wander freely within the cytoplasm or attach to the endoplasmic reticulum, sometimes abbreviated as ER.
Some organisms such as plans that are photoautotrophic
meaning they capture sunlight for energy have cells with an organelle called a chloroplast.
Eukaryotic cells
more advanced, complex cells such as those found in plants and animals.
The Golgi body does this by folding the proteins into usable shapes.
or adding other materials on to them such as lipids or carbohydrates
Organelle
"little organ"
"synthesizing"
After ribosomes leave the nucleus they will have the important job of -----, or making, proteins.
All cells have three things in common no matter what type of cell they are.
All cells have a cell membrane which separates the inside the cell from its environment
microscopic hair-like projections that can move in waves
This feature helps trap inhaled particles in the air and expels them when you cough
chromosomes.
When a cell is ready to divide DNA condenses into structures known as
