CCRI PSYC

Multitasking:

can result in serious risks of injury

Axon

carries signals from cell body to other neurons

Marilese is preparing a(n) _____ analysis for her graduate counseling class by compiling the information she has collected from her client, her client's family members, and her client's school team.

case study

An experiment allows researchers to uncover _____ relationships between variables

causal

After suffering an accidental brain injury, Kira has difficulty walking in a smooth, coordinated manner. It is likely that she has suffered damage to her:

cerebellum

Sheila was angry with her boyfriend for not noticing her new hairstyle. Her friend recently studied consciousness and attention in her psychology class. She told Sheila that she shouldn't be angry because this was just:

change blindness

What was the result of an experiment where participants learned to juggle?

changed structure, with some regions growing larger

Everett plays football and has had dozens of concussions. He has recently become depressed and anxious and his memory is starting to decline. It is MOST likely that Everett is showing the first signs of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

Although Rachel has been trying to lose 10 pounds, she finds herself breaking her diet around 3 P.M. daily. Rachel is likely experiencing low levels of mental alertness and sleepiness around this time of day because of the common daily highs and lows in her biological and psychological functioning, also known as: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

circadian rhythms

Seth is a registered nurse, and he has noticed that patients often report their pain is worse around 4 in the morning. This is BEST explained by: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

circadian rhythms

Dr. Stevens provides psychotherapy to people who suffer from excessive anxiety. Dr. Stevens is most likely a ________

clinical psychologist

Merritt's mother suggests that her daughter's heart attack was due to:

clogged arteries produced by initial steroid use.

Cognitive neuroscientists link brain activity &_____

cognitive process

in the normal, intact, human brain, the left & right hemispheres

communicate through a thick band of axons called the corpus callosum

Franz Vollenweider's research indicates that ketamine affects:

communication between nerve cells

Awareness of internal states, mental processes, and the external environment describes:

consciousness

Terminals

contain neurotransmitters; form junctions with dendrites of other neurons

Pharmaceutical studies sometimes test their experimental drugs against an already available medication, known as a comparator, to see if the experimental drug works the same as or better than the comparator medication. Those subjects who get assigned to the comparator group would experience the _____

control condition

Hypothalamus

controls eating and other motivated behaviors & is linked to emotion

Natasha is watching a movie and talking to her friend. Right now her brain is:

coordinating information among many areas

Joe and Theresa are having communication problems in their relationship and wish to get some insight and perspective. Joe suggests to Theresa that they set up an appointment with a(n) ______

counseling psychologist

William and Joy are seeing Dr. Royce for marital issues. Neither of them has any psychopathology, but they are interested in strengthening their relationship. Dr. Royce is most likely a _____

counseling psychologist

Mary Lou often challenges herself to be aware of biases and assumptions and to engage in reflective thinking. This is why Mary Lou's friends refer to her as a(n) _____ thinker.

critical

Jane and Sarah were watching the evening news when viewers were asked to call in about the city's proposal to raise taxes. Later in the broadcast, the results of the poll were posted. Both Jane and Sarah were skeptical of the report that 68 percent of viewers supported the tax increase and wondered who participated in the poll. Thus, Jane and Sarah demonstrated:

critical thinking

When Leanne read experimental evidence indicating that orange juice consumption triggers hyperactivity in children, she questioned whether the tested children had been randomly assigned to experimental conditions. In the context of evaluating claims Leanne's reaction BEST illustrates:

critical thinking

Colby had a big work deadline and stayed up most of the night to complete it. On the way to work, he wondered how he was going to make it through the day feeling this tired. By about 11 A.M., he felt much better and far more awake. This is likely due to the _____ in his brain. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

decreased levels of melatonin

According to the Focus on Neuroscience box titled "The Dreaming Brain," a PET scan of a person's brain while he or she is in REM sleep would reveal _____ activity in the frontal lobes and primary visual cortex, and _____ activity in areas of the limbic system and in brain areas involved in generating visual images. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

decreased, increased

In stage 4 sleep, people experience:

delta waves

The large, slow brain waves associated with stage 4 sleep are called:

delta waves

the part of the neuron that receives input from other neurons is the:

dendrite

What short fibers often resemble the branches of a tree, extend from the neuron's cell body and receive information from other neurons or from sensory receptor cells

dendrites

Maurice is conducting a study on whether sleep deprivation increases stress levels. He will be observing and measuring levels of stress based on whether the subjects were assigned to deprived or non-deprived sleep conditions. In this experiment, the stress level is the _____ variable.

dependent

Curtis has been blind since birth. Like many blind people, he may experience _____ because he is unable to detect the light that normally sets the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN).

desynchronized circadian rhythms

Dr. Hillburton has received approval for his research grant to study the effects of divorce on children aged 5-12 in terms of maturational milestones. Dr. Hillburton is most likely a _____

developmental psychologist

When multitasking, tasks that are _____ are LESS apt to interfere with each other.

different, simple, and well rehearsed

William James

disagreed that consciousness could be broken down into separate elements; argued that consciousness was like a flowing stream serving to adapt people to their environments; studied mental function

After spending 36 hours in the emergency room, Dr. Allen has trouble sleeping well when she finally gets home late in the afternoon. The next day, she is irritable and cannot concentrate at work. Dr. Allen's problems are likely due to:

disruption in her circadian rhythms

Which of the following is MOST likely to be experienced as a result of sleep deprivation?

disruptions in mood, reaction time, perceptual skills, complex motor skills, and mental ability

Both the participants and study sites participating in the drug R for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) study are blind, that is they are unaware as to which participant is receiving drug R, the comparator, or the placebo. This is known as:

double blind procedures

The activation-synthesis theory provides a physiological explanation for:

dreaming

Gabe's mother was nearly hysterical when she saw him pull up in the family car talking to someone on his cell phone using a head set. She yelled, "Don't you know that talking on the phone, even with a head set, is as dangerous as:

driving while drunk

the medication used to treat Theodore is normally used to treat:

drug addiction

Most dreams happen___________.

during REM sleep

night terrors occur:

during a phase of deep sleep

Like the nervous system, the _____ system secretes hormones and affects behavior.

endocrine

Azeeza has just finished running a very tough marathon, and she feels elated. One cause of her "runner's high" may be high levels of chemical substances in her brain called

endorphins

Francine has tried everything to relieve her back pain, from changing her sleeping positions to prescription pain relief. She recently started acupuncture and has noticed that it relieves her symptoms. The positive effects of acupuncture are MOST likely due to the release of:

endorphins

the volunteers stay awake by:

engaging in physical exercise

The adaptive theory of sleep, which suggests that different sleep patterns exist as a way to prevent a particular species from interacting with the environment when doing so would be hazardous, is known as the _____ theory of sleep. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

enolutionary

when a cell is at rest:

enough positively charged sodium ions are kept outside of the cell to maintain a slightly negative charge inside

joe's brain was severed to control his

epileptic seizures

Manny has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His psychologist believes that Manny's hallucinations and perceptual distortions may be caused in part by _____ amounts of the neurotransmitter _____. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

excessive; dopamine

Professor Garcia would like to study parental spanking and aggressive behavior in children. Which research method would NOT be feasible due to ethical problems associated with trying to manipulate the spanking variable?

experimental method

The only way to demonstrate causation is to conduct a(n)

expiriment

T/F: They have been found to be unethical.

false

T/F: They have not found any ill effects on subjects' behavior.

false

In an attempt to replace the thrill he once associated with gambling, Theodore:

flies a helicopter

the program notes that California was the first state to leagliza the medical use of marijuana

for people who are seriously ill

the parts of the brain that enable consciousness & our ability to communicate that awareness are located in the:

frontal lobes

Cell Body

generates energy and contains genetic material

The area of one's brain that consists of grey matter is really made up of _____, while the white matter consists of _____. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

glial cells, neuron cell bodies, and unmyelinated axons; axons with myelinated sheaths

After Blake goes to bed, his brain is primarily generating alpha brain waves. It is MOST likely that Blake: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

had his eyes closed & is very relaxed but is not yet asleep

One of the side effects that Merritt suffered from use of the steroid drug was:

hair loss

Ketamine produces:

hallucinations

Before the mid-1960s, neuroscientists and the public believed that the adult brain was:

hard-wired or fixed for life

Rachel's grandmother is a highly educated 82-year-old woman suffering from Alzheimer's disease. She is MOST likely to fare better in terms of her symptoms than a less educated person with this illness because she:

has more synaptic connections

To ensure that he gets the most out of his cruise vacation, Toby stays up late every night. He tries to sleep during the day, but his cabin is too noisy, and he suffers from REM sleep deprivation. What can Toby expect to happen during his first several nights back home?

he will experience REM rebound

Manuel approaches his psychology professor about the possibility of using the rats in the college's animal lab to conduct a psychological study. Manuel's professor is MOST likely to remind him that:

he will have to follow federal and state laws governing the use and care of research animals as well as the American Psychological Association ethical guidelines for the care and use of animals.

A negative correlation between people's physical health and their marital happiness would indicate that:

higher levels of marital happiness are associated with lower levels of physical health.

The pons and medulla are positioned in the _____, just as the substantia nigra is positioned in the _____.

hindbrain; midbrain

A person whose job constantly requires spatial learning MOST likely has an enlarged:

hippocampus

The part of the brain essential to regulating eating, drinking, sexual activity, fear, and aggression is the:

hypothalamus

A large pharmaceutical company writes a research protocol based on its belief that the new medication called Drug R may be useful in treating anxiety. It predicts that Drug R should lower symptoms of anxiety. This prediction is a: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

hypothesis

Fiona wants to test her prediction, also known as a _____, that "lack of sleep increases the likelihood of lower test scores for college students."

hypothesis

Completely missing something that seems like it would be obvious is an example of:

inattentional blindness

Joni is walking to class and talking to her roommate on her cell phone when a student dressed as a witch skateboards across her path. The fact that Joni didn't notice the witch skateboard past her is an example of:

inattentional blindness

Some people who habitually multi-task are convinced that it has no effect on their driving or other abilities because they simply don't notice near misses or other problems. One explanation is a phenomenon called:

inattentional blindness

Absorption in a visual task can cause:

inattentional deafness

Joseph's family claimed he was

incapable of providing informed consent

Myelin

increases speed of neural impulses

According to the Enhancing Well Being with Psychology box in the textbook, research on rats has shown that exposure to an enriched environment: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

increases the number and length of dendrites, enlarges the size of neurons, and produces more synaptic connections.

Josie is conducting a study on whether sleep deprivation increases stress levels. She will be manipulating levels of sleep by randomly assigning subjects to different conditions in which some will sleep fewer hours than others. In this experiment, sleep is the _____ variable.

independent

In a natural experiment conducted to examine the effects of chronic noise on stress levels, it was found that those exposed to chronic noise, also known as the _____ variable, showed increased psychological and physical stress, known as the _____ variable in the experiment. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

independent; dependent

Deanna has signed up to do an experiment at the university. She arrives and before she begins the experimenter explains to her that the study has to do with visual information processing and that she will be required to make responses on a computer keyboard based on the images she sees on the computer screen. Deanna is then asked if she still wishes to participate. The experimenter is following the ethical principle of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

informed consent

Francine, a college freshman, has agreed to participate in a psychology research study. Before she begins her participation, she reads a statement written by the researcher explaining the purpose of the research and the potential risks of participation. It also explains that Francine is free to withdraw from the research at any time. In providing Francine with this statement, the researcher has followed the ethical guidelines of _____ for participants.

informed consent

Dr. Horton told his introductory psychology students that, if they did not take part in his research, they would receive a failing grade in his class. What ethical principle has Dr. Horton violated? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

informed consent and voluntary participation

in order to intensify the effects of Ecstasy, some users:

inhale Vick's VapoRub through a painter's mask

drugs or chemicals can

inhibit the transmission of information from neuron to another, be used to cure a variety of disorders

Amygdala

involved in aggression, fear, and emotional meomories

Hippocampus

involved in learning new memories

the electrical stimulation of the brain is conducted while the patient:

is awake

While going for her routine annual physical examination, Ms. Byrd, who is 80 years old, tells her doctor that she has trouble falling asleep. One would expect her physician to tell her that she: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

is experiencing sleep latency, which is relatively normal for her age.

A hypothesis is a prediction that:

is testable

From an evolutionary perspective, attention is important because:

it facilitates survival, there is too much information in the world, some information is more important that other information

Jasper stays up very late most Saturday nights. He finds Monday mornings difficult because he often sleeps until noon on Sunday and has trouble going to sleep at a reasonable time on Sunday night. What advice would his doctor give him to help him with his Monday morning problem?

jasper should try to maintain the same bedtime throughout the week

Which statement about attention is TRUE? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

jeff is always paying attention to something

Bogdan Draganski showed that learning a new skill leads to structural changes in the brain. What skill did Draganski use in his research?

juggling

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the unconscious wishes, thoughts, and urges that are concealed in the content of a dream are known as its:

latent content

A right-handed patient is asked to recline on the operating table with both arms extended upward while reciting the alphabet aloud. As a researcher anesthetizes the patient's entire right hemisphere, it is most probable that the patient's:

left arm will fall limp, but she will continue saying the alphabet

Sharon's car accident was both emotionally and physically traumatic. She developed aphasia, which left her without the ability to express herself linguistically, due to damage to her _____ lobe.

left frontal

the program states that the nuclear physicist has suffered damage to the _________of his brain

left hemisphere

gazzaniga's study of split brain patients suggests that the

left hemisphere is more intelligent that the right

Sleep restriction does NOT produce

less volatile moods

Michael's response to his injury is marked by:

little awareness of how it has transformed him

Parkinson's disease is most notably notably marked by:

loss of muscle control

According to the In Focus box titled "What You Really Want to Know About Dreams," one of the signs of a _____ dreamer is the dreamer's ability to guide the course of the dream, replaying parts, and determining the dream's direction.

lucid

Juan was injured in a car accident and lost consciousness for 10 minutes. He sustained numerous lacerations, a right femoral contusion, and had a large open wound on his head. When he arrived at the emergency room, the attending physician immediately ordered a(n) _____ to rule out any soft tissue damage to the brain.

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Pituitary

master gland of the endocrine system, controlled by the hypothalamus

The brain area perhaps MOST crucial to life functions such as breathing, heart rate, and digestion is the:

medulla

For his statistics class Casey is statistically pooling the results of several studies into a single analysis. Clearly, Casey has been assigned to conduct a:

meta-analysis

Teresa and Yuko are quizzing each other before their psychology exam on the physiology of the brain. Yuko asks Teresa to name the two parts of the brainstem. Teresa correctly names the hindbrain and the:

midbrain

Psychological research on multi-tasking has shown that:

most people believe they are above average at multi-tasking even though their beliefs do not correspond to their actual abilities.

An example of testing a hypothesis

naturalistic observation

Your instructor has asked you to come up with a study to examine the behavior of coyotes in a nearby preserve. If you are only interested in examining and recording behavior, and do not care about detecting naturally occurring relationships or exploring cause and effect, which method would you choose?

naturalistic observation

Surveys are MOST apt to indicate that reckless behavior and self-control are:

negatively correlated

Dr. Reynolds is studying how memories are stored in the brain. Dr. Reynolds is MOST likely a:

neuroscientist

Max and Alicia are taking their baby to the pediatrician because the baby is a month old and still has not synchronized with day-night cycles. Should they be concerned?

no this usually takes 2-3 months

Having received a blow to his _____ lobe in a recent skiing accident, James has experienced vision deficits.

occipital

Karen plans to measure happiness based on how frequently a person smiles or laughs. This measure of happiness is called her _____ definition.

opperational

which statement is most accurate: A. experiments have shown that we are good at dividing B. our attention is easily vulnerable to distraction C. because the human brain is a massively parallel machine, it can attend to many things at once D. if we think we are able to attend to two tasks at the same time, we are probably are

our attention is easily vulnerable to distraction

Which hormone is thought to promote empathy? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

oxytocin

The _____ regulates the level of sugar in the blood

pancreas

After a stressful event, this part of the nervous system helps to conserve energy as it calms

parasympathetic

Which division of the nervous system will slow heart rate after running a marathon?

parasympathetic

A woman is startled awake in the middle of the night by a loud noise. After she figures out that the noise was the closet rod breaking from the weight of her winter coats, she begins to calm down and her heart stops racing. What system has been activated to calm her down?

parasympathetic nervous system

Using carbon dating in an ingenious study, Kirsty Spalding and colleagues provided proof of neurogenesis in:

people age 19-92

The spinal cord connects the _____ to the brain.

peripheral nervous system

The somatic and autonomic parts of the nervous system are related to the _____ nervous system in the same way that the brain and spinal cord are related to the _____ nervous system.

peripheral, central

The _____ gland secretes many different hormones, some of which regulate other glands

pituitary

In drug treatment studies, researchers often use double-blind procedures to minimize the chance that _____ are responsible for differences between experimental and control conditions.

placebo effects

After Eduardo's serious skiing accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebellum. Eduardo is MOST likely to have trouble:

playing tennis, typing, and walking with a smooth gait.

In a study examining the relationship between anxiety and depression researchers obtain a correlation coefficient of +.80. This indicates that the relationship between the two variables is:

positive and strong

If a normal, right-handed individual sustained severe damage to the right cerebral hemisphere, this would most likely reduce a number of abilities. However, damage to the right hemisphere is NOT likely to affect his or her ability to: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

produce and understand written & spoken language

a journalist claims that the right side of the brain is more creative than the left. This claim is likely:

pseudoscience

Lauren's therapist frequently asks her questions about her dreams and early childhood memories. Her therapist is most likely a(n):

psychoanalytic psychologist

Your professor decides to conduct a survey with your class about whether the number of breaks is adequate for your 3-hour course. For her survey, she decides to take all 40 students' names and assigns them each a number in order to have 20 students chosen by her computer program by chance. We could say that her survey will be both a representative and a(n) _____

random sample

Market researchers contacted every 25th person who ordered a subscription to a weekly news magazine to complete an opinion survey. The researchers were employing a technique known as:

random sampling

A researcher wants to determine if a new regime of yoga and vitamin A will improve test-taking skills in college students. To ensure that participants in the experimental condition (i.e., those who will do yoga and receive vitamin A) are very similar to participants in the control condition (i.e., those who will be on a waiting list, thus receiving no treatment), the researcher should:

randomly assign the participants to the conditions

Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov:

realized that the dogs had learned to associate two stimuli—the sound of footsteps and food; studied the salivary response of dogs to different types of foods; discovered his groundbreaking findings by accident.

Dendrites

receive signals from other neurons

the left hemisphere is inferior to the right hemisphere in:

recognizing visual patterns

In which situation does the phenomenon of plasticity BEST apply?

recovery in someone whose motor cortex has been damaged in a stroke

If different researchers get consistent results from testing a hypothesis, the results are said to be:

reliable

According to Freud, repression is a way for the unconscious to:

remove unacceptable thoughts and desires from conscious thought.

Special photoreceptors in the _____ regulate the effects of light on circadian rhythms.

retina

A man has a stroke and is fine except for a lot of weakness in his left leg. The stroke occurred on the:

right side of his brain

Cyndra is doing a psychological study and wants to conduct her research using animals. Cyndra is MOST likely to use which kind of animal in her research?

rodents

The cocktail party effect is an example of _____ attention.

selective

The peripheral nervous system includes _____ that carry/carries messages from the body to the central nervous system.

sensory neurons

Hannah is suffering from depression and has received a prescription for an antidepressant. It is MOST likely that she needs more of the neurotransmitter known as:

serotonin

A television commercial states that a new medication can alleviate depression. "Since depression is a chemical imbalance, new Venlafaxine extended release can help with mood, sleep, arousal, and alertness by working on the two key neurotransmitters involved in depression." These two neurotransmitters are: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

serotonin and norepinephrine

At a dinner party Jim and Susan talk about the different approaches they each use as counselors. Susan explains to Jim that she feels that the psychodynamic perspective is the most effective approach for her clients. It is likely that she is influenced by the works of:

sigmund freud

Josh is conducting a research study on the effect of parent's affection and the amount a baby cries in the first year. His first results indicate a negative correlation between the amount of time a parent holds his or her child and the amount of crying. However, the effect size indicated a weak relationship between the two variables. He is not sure about his results and wants to conduct the research in a controlled setting. Josh is displaying which attribute of valid scientific research?

skepticism

Psychologists persistently ask, "What evidence supports this claim?" because they approach the world of behavior with a healthy sense of:

skepticism

Margaret was reading a Stephen King novel before falling asleep and then awoke, unable to move, having had a dream that she was being burglarized. Margaret very likely experienced:

sleep paralysis

Thor has been preparing for a work presentation he has to deliver the next day. He becomes frustrated because he is unable to sleep the night before the presentation, and his mind keeps repeating the information he has been preparing all day. The phenomenon Thor is experiencing is called:

sleep thinking

According to the In Focus box title, "What You Really Want to Know About Sleep," which statement is FALSE?

sleepwalking usually occurs during REM sleep

stages 3 & 4 of sleep are also known as:

slow wave sleep

Professor Chung conducts basic research to investigate whether a parent's negative perceptions of their child's personality can affect the child's subsequent behavior in groups of peers. Professor Chung is most likely a _____

social psychologist

which of the following is TRUE about the differences between the left & right cerebral hemispheres

some brain functions involve a higher degree of activation on one hemisphere of the brain than the other

our reflexes such as pulling your hand away from a flame, are governed by the____, while basic functions of motor skills and respiration are government by_____.

spinal cord, hindbrain

Sleep spindles occur in:

stage 2 sleep

It is at the end of this stage that children may wet the bed or walk in their sleep.

stage 4 sleep

A correlation coefficient indicates the:

strength of the relationship between two factors

The sympathetic nervous system responds mainly to situations in which one is

stressed

Dr. James found a correlation of +.81 between obesity and the consumption of fast foods. This would be considered a _____

strong positive correlation

Sarah just learned to juggle. Before and after images of her brain showed a 3 percent increase in the size of a few specific brain regions. This is known as:

structural plasticity

Chronic sleep deprivation is MOST apt to contribute to:

suppression of the immune system

The internal pacemaker governing circadian rhythms is the:

suprachiasmatic nucleus.

Information processing in the body involves neurons communicating with each other at their:

synapses

A stroke or other damage to the _____ lobe can result in deficits in hearing and language. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

temporal

After a construction accident, Jared was left without the ability to comprehend and express language due to damage sustained in his:

temporal lobbe

People have no problem staying up a little later each night on weekends. The MOST likely explanation for this is that:

the SCN naturally tends toward a 24.2-hour day.

Denton can pitch a baseball in what looks like one effortless and smooth movement. What part of the hindbrain is MOST associated with this highly coordinated motion?

the cerebellum

In a crowded room where there are many conversations going on at once, Jamilla hears only the one conversation that contains her name. This example of the nature of attention is called:

the cocktail party effect

Extinction is the decline of:

the conditioned response

If this area were severed, then the two sides of the brain would be unable to communicate with each other.

the corpus callosum

which part of the cerebral cortex deals with abstract thinking, planning, executive control, and judgement, the qualities that make us most human?

the frontal lobe

Researchers want to see if playing with a specific toy increases the verbal abilities of young children. One group of children plays with the new toy for 4 hours a week over a month and is given a vocabulary test at the end of the experiment. The other group follows the same schedule, but these children play outside instead of with the toy. Which is the experimental group? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

the kids who play with the toy

Vijay has problems orienting to sounds. For example, he cannot tell whether music is coming from the television on one side of the room or from the stereo on the other side of the room. What area of Vijay's central nervous system is likely malfunctioning?

the midbrain

Allison is participating in a study at the university. She notices that all the surveys she is completing for the study are labeled with "participant 76" rather than her real name. This is to ensure:

the persons right to confidenciality

which structure is the conductor, or "master gland", of the hormone- producing system

the pituitary gland

the bioethicist interviewed on the video maintains

the poor, the elderly, and the sick are vulnerable to being made guinea pigs

Ashleigh scored as "left brained" on the quiz & Luis was told he was "right brained". You can safely conclude that:

the quiz is entertaining, but such distinctions are meaningless because there is no such thing as being left/right brained

In the famous Zimbardo Prison study, Stanford students were assigned to either be a prisoner or a guard so the experimenters could examine prison life behaviors and interactions. What was the independent variable in this study?

the role of the prisoner or the guard

Psychology is defined as

the scientific study of mind and behavior

Jeremy accidentally touched the stove when it was still hot. He pulled his hand away quickly. This reflex involved:

the spinal cord

Confirmation Bisas

the tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one's existing beliefs or theories

A and B may not be causally related because both may be causally dependent on C. This is known as:

the third variable problem

Random assignment is important in an experiment because_______

the two groups will be the same on average for all variable

Informing research subjects that they are participating in a study on recycling when they are really participating in a study on customer service is an example of what type of ethical concern? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

the use of deception

which of the following is a good clue that an online quiz is based on science

the web site provides links to research studies that have been published in scientific journals

Compared with structuralists, early behaviorists were much LESS likely to focus on the study of _____

thinking

As a result of the type of work Mike does, he finds that upon returning home after a long project, he experiences irritability, tiredness, inability to sleep, and difficulty concentrating. It is likely that as a result of _____ for his work, Mike is experiencing _____. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

traveling, jet lag

T/F: They reduce the amount of time the subjects are allowed to sleep compared to usual.

true

Andrea is reviewing her notes and sees a list that includes "sensory, motor and interneurons." The accurate heading of this list is:

types of neurons

at times the medication that dale received for Parkinson's disease produced:

uncontrollable, wild movement

drug czar John Walters argues that the claim about the beneficial effects of marijuana are:

unsubstantiated

In order to find out what goes on in people's brains during a typical night's sleep, researchers are MOST likely to

use an electroencephalograph to measure their brain-wave activity throughout the night

electrical stimulation of the brain indicates that:

various brain regions have particular functions

Madhura Ingahalikar reported _____ differences between male and female brains.

very small

changes in brain activation in response to language listening seem to be driven by:

vocabulary knowledge

Michael's explanation for why he continued gambling, even though he was suffering losses, was that he:

was playing with the experimenter's money rather than his own

If Jackie wants to be able to sleep when she gets off the night shift, she should:

wear dark sunglasses on the drive home

The activation-synthesis model proposes that dreams are:

what the mind creates to make sense of the random neural activity associated with sleep

cell phone use while driving is dangerous because:

when we attend to two or more tasks at the same time, there are costs, we think we are trying to attend to everything that we need to, but we probably aren't, our attention & working memories, as well as our visual capacities, are limitied

Amelia learned that auditory stimuli is less likely to interfere with visual tasks so she feels justified in listening in to her neighbors arguing while reading a tax booklet and doing her taxes. Amelia is:

wrong because listening to her neighbors takes a great deal of concentration.

If you find a correlational relationship between two variables:

you know nothing about the casual relationship between the two variable

In a research study looking at whether "blonds have more fun" all blond-haired participants were asked to fill out questionnaires that inquired about their hobbies and other fun activities in which they engage. The subsequent findings revealed a correlation coefficient indicating that the two factors seldom occur together. In this scenario the correlation coefficient is MOST likely to be:

+.10

In 2012, talking on cell phones resulted in: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

1.5 million car accidents

How much do newborns sleep a day

16

research indicates that about_____ of all doctors now refer patients for hypnosis when they believe it is appropriate

2/3

Drug R is currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The hypothesis is that 200 mg of drug R will reduce GAD symptoms by 25 percent as evidenced by the Hamilton anxiety scale. The independent variable is:

200 mg of drug R

according to the program, night terrors affect_____ percent of all children

3%

Missy just had a caesarian section. She is spending the next two nights in the hospital recovering with the baby. Missy will probably be MOST sensitive to her post-operative pain at:

4am

Although he is unaware of moving lights in his right visual field, Graham correctly reports the direction of their movement_________percent of the time:

90%

Dr. David is trying to answer some research questions about dreaming by bringing people into the laboratory to sleep. In order to measure activity during the dream state of sleep, Dr. David wakes his participants after they have been asleep for about _____ minutes when they are in _____ sleep.

90, REM

Tran Lee is planning a business meeting and wants to be at the peak of his mental alertness. He would do BEST to schedule the meeting for:

9am

Which is an example of change blindness?

A woman asks a passerby for directions; two people carrying a large sign pass between her and the passerby and a different woman takes her place. The passerby keeps right on giving directions to the different woman as if nothing happened.

Why isn't multi-tasking an effective way to get things done?

Attention is a limited resource, and when you divide it among different tasks, performance is impaired on all of them.

Which psychologist helped bring together the views of psychology as a science of behavior and a science of mental processes?

B. F. Skinner

As a result of a stroke, 75-year-old Mrs. Yee suffered brain damage. While she is no longer able to speak, she can understand what is being said to her. Mrs. Yee suffers from: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

Broca's aphasia

A lesion in which part of the brain would MOST likely result in a disruption of language expression?

Broca's area

Suzie is talking to her doctor while she is getting a brain scan in an fMRI. Which area of her brain is MOST likely active? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

Broca's area

Ashanti has decided to participate in a research study to receive extra credit for her psychology class. When she arrives in the research office she is given a can of what looks and tastes like beer, but the liquid contains no alcohol. In the adjoining room, Ashanti's classmate Cierra is also participating in the study. Cierra receives a similar can, but hers actually does contain beer. If the experiment is designed to test the effects of alcohol on concentration, then who has received the experimental condition?

Cierra

T/F: They do not allow subjects to sleep for a certain number of days.

False

In an effort to relax after a stress-filled week, Joanne has a couple of glasses of wine, and her coworker Jim takes a Valium. Both alcohol and Valium work by increasing the activity of the neurotransmitter _____, which inhibits action potentials and slows brain activity.

GABA

Bailey's doctor has scheduled a procedure to look only at her brain structure (soft tissue). Her doctor explains to her that this will be a noninvasive procedure, where Bailey will lie inside a magnetic tube and receive powerful but harmless magnetic fields to her brain. Bailey is scheduled to receive a(n):

MRI

Sleep thinking is the repetitive, sometimes bland and uncreative ruminations about real-life events that occurs during:

NREM

Olivia frequently studies while she watches TV, texts or calls friends, and updates her Facebook page. She tells you that she is used to studying this way and that it's the most efficient way for her to get her work done while still keeping up with her friends. Based on what you've learned in this activity, what is the most likely conclusion that you can draw about Olivia's abilities?

Olivia is probably worse at multi-tasking and tuning out distractions than people who don't frequently multi-task.

Sandra always remembers her dreams. She is probably waking up during or soon after which sleep stage?

REM

Sleep researchers deprive subjects of REM sleep for a number of nights but allow them an otherwise normal sleep. The subjects are likely to experience _____ when next allowed to sleep uninterrupted.

REM rebound

The period of sleep during which the brain is very active, voluntary muscle activity becomes suppressed, there is considerable physiological arousal, and one's eyes move back and forth under closed eyelids is called:

REM sleep

While George is participating in a sleep research study, a PET scan reveals decreased activity in his frontal lobes and primary visual cortex, and increased activity in areas of the limbic system that are associated with emotion, memory, and motivation. According to the Focus on Neuroscience box, George is MOST likely experiencing:

REM sleep & dreams

Nightmares are to _____ as night terrors are to _____.

REM sleep; slow-wave NREM sleep

A child touches his index finger to a hot pan. He pulls his finger away quickly, and a few seconds later begins to scream. Why is his screaming delayed in comparison to pulling away his finger?

The hand-withdrawal reflex involves only the spinal cord, but it takes time for the information about pain to reach the brain and produce an emotional response.

A research study described in this activity involved participants in driving simulators who merged into traffic under a variety of different conditions. What did the research find?

The number of collisions was highest when the participant was using a cell phone and lowest when driving alone.

Which of the following can be said about the sleep that occurs after the first 90 minutes of sleep?

There is a cycling between NREM and REM sleep.

T/F: it is generally not dangerous to wake a sleep walker

True

without aggressive tests of new drugs_______

_____improved medication will never enter the market

an in depth observation of a small sample or single individual is an example of which research method

a case study

The release of growth hormones occurs only while a person is asleep. This is an example of:

a cicadian rhythm

After flying from San Diego to New York, Jasmine experiences a restless, sleepless night. The next day, she is irritable and cannot concentrate on her work. Jasmine's problems can be explained as a result of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

a disruption in her circadian rhythms

Stacey believes that, because children are generally more impulsive than adults, they will be more likely than adults to scream when frustrated by a researcher in a laboratory setting. Stacey's prediction regarding anger management is an example of:

a hypothesis

experimental method

a method of investigation used to demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships by purposely manipulating one factor believed to produce change in another factor

Just as Robert is about to fall asleep, he has the sudden feeling of falling, and his body spasms involuntarily. He has just experienced:

a myoclonic jerk

Dr. Fernandez conducted a study where half the participants were given a sugar pill and told that it will improve memory in some people, whereas the other half of the participants were given a sugar pill and told they were just taking a sugar pill. Participants who were told that the pill may improve memory did better on memory tests than the control group. This finding is an example of:

a placebo effect

this program indicates that hypnosis can be effective in:

a reducing pain

the nuclear physicist's loss of language was the result of:

a stroke

By 20 months of age differences btwn words an infant understands and ones she doesn't understand can be identified in:

a temporoparietal regions of the left hemisphere

Milton has been having considerable trouble with his short-term memory. His family has noticed that Milton has been making a number of mistakes (e.g., leaving doors unlocked, getting lost in the neighborhood, forgetting family member's names). It appears that his _____-producing neurons are deteriorating. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

acetylcholine

Christine believes that dreaming is simply subjective awareness of the brain's internally generated signals during sleep. It starts with the automatic activation of brain stem circuits that then arouse more sophisticated brain areas. Christine's views are MOST consistent with which dream theory?

activation-synthesis theory

It's 2:30 in the morning and James has been studying for 6 hours. He is beginning to feel sleepy as _____ builds up in his brain.

adenosine

Angel began taking marijuana:

after her prescribed pain-killing drugs made her sick

Some friends get a new video game in which they have to remember the locations of many hidden enemies and weapons. They each spend about 3 hours playing the game. Which statement is TRUE?

all of you will have at least tiny structural changes in your brains

manipulation of the experiment means that

all variables are controlled for, except the one being tested

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state are called:

alpha waves

the video indicates that obsessions have their basis in:

altered brain structure

Ketamine is:

an anesthetic drug

If one must multitask, it would be BEST to choose:

an auditory and a visual task

The shape of the neurotransmitter must be_______

an exact fit for the receptor site

one user describes the effect of the drug as the equivalent of:

an hour long orgasm

The American Psychological Association

an organization that has developed ethical guidelines for conducting research with both human and animal subjects

Due to an automobile accident, Jenny suffered damage to her cerebral cortex in Broca's area. As a result, Jenny is MOST likely to experience: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

aphasia

_____ is the partial or complete inability to articulate ideas or understand spoken or written language due to a brain injury or damage.

aphasia

According to the In Focus box titles "What You Really Want to Know About Dreams," which statement about dreams is TRUE?

approximately 80% of people's dreams are in color, usually pastel shades

after 12 hours of sleep, two of the three participants:

are back to normal in their level of alertness

You and your best friend are discussing fossil fuel usage, and your friend says that carbon emissions have increased 15 percent. In the context of evaluating claims when you ask where he pulled that number from, you:

are engaging in critical thinking

after the second sleepless night, tests indicate that the participants:

are no longer alert

research suggests that night terrors:

are not a sign of psychological disturbance

Maria wants to properly apply the scientific method in her psychology research study. Therefore, she should NOT:

arrive at the same conclusions based on her intuition

the brain's functions are:

associated with particular areas

the visual cortex is located in the ________of the brain

back

If a picture of a hammer is flashed to the left of the midpoint during an experiment with a split-brain patient, and the patient is asked to indicate what she saw, the patient will:

be unable to verbally report what she saw

John B Watson

believed the basic laws of learning were the same for all organisms; underestimated the complexity of the human condition; argued that the goal of psychology was to predict and control behavior.

Jayden damaged his motor cortex in a car accident, but over time, part of his frontal lobe cortex began to coordinate some muscle movements. This is an example of:

brain plasticity

this video shows virtual reality hypnosis being used with:

burn victims