CCS week 6 quiz

In Gainesville, about what percent of the summer will be in a heat wave (temperatures beyond 3-sigma from mean) by the end of the century, as predicted by RCP8.5?

80

When did the carbon cycle first begin to appear in climate models?

1990s

According to the Dire Prediction reading this week, Which of these is NOT predicted by climate models? increased winter preciitation in polar and subpolar regions increaed precipitation near the equator All of these are predicted decreased summer precipitation in middle latitudes decreased precipitation in the subtropics

All of these are predicted

According to the Dire Prediction reading this week, The projected poleward shift in the jet streams will cause increased precipitation in the middle latitudes (30-60 degrees north and south). True False

False

If atmospheric CO2 composition were held constant at 2000 levels, the average global surface temperatures would stabilize at its present level. True False

False

Which of these scenario results in the highest CO2 concentrations in 2100? RCP 8.5 RCP 6 none of these predict future CO2 concentrations RCP 2.6 RCP 4.5

RCP 8.5

Which of these is NOT one of the basic steps in constructing a general circulation climate model? Developing the computer code Running the model with different sets of initial conditions Building a 3-D map of the Earth's climate system Making the model run through time

Running the model with different sets of initial conditions

Climate models predict that, due to global warming, El Nino will become.....

Uncertain, the models don't agree

GCMs that coupled the atmosphere and the ocean ('Coupled Climate Models')were first available in the late 1970s. True False

True

Models show that rainfall will be generally greater than present day in the tropics by 2100. True False

True

Most models project temperature increases that will be higher over land than over water. T/F

True

Which of these is NOT one of the basic steps in constructing and running a general circulation climate model?

Tune the model parameters so it predicts expected future conditions

Which statement best reflects model predictions of precipitation trends over the next century? Wet regions will get dryer, dry regions will get wetter There are no general statements that can be made on this topic Wet regions will get wetter, dry regions will get dryer Most regions will get dryer Most regions will get wetter

Wet regions will get wetter, dry regions will get dryer

most models project that surface temperatures will increase the most in which part of the world?

arctic

which of these was a new element incorporated into the models used for the 2007 IPCC AR4 as compared to the 2001 model?

atmosphere chemistry

The example of the thunderstorm life cycle illustrated what type of model?

conceptual

which of these is NOT one of the immediate goals when constructing a climate model?

condense large amounts of data into summary parameters

Which of these is NOT one of the 3 general types of models? mathematical conceptual elemental physical

elemental

What does one call the smallest unit used in any climate model?

grid cell

The possibility that future human CO2 emissions will produce a scenario similar to the RCP2.6 is

highly uncertain

Dire Predictions lists key features of the actual climate that current models do a good job of reproducing. which of the following is NOT in that list?

hurricanes

Which of the following has high relevance when running an NWP model? ocean dynamics clouds and radiation initial conditions type of surface

initial conditions

which of the following conditions has low relevance when running a gcm?

initial conditions

RCP6 is a scenario in which, by the year 2100, __________ will be 6 times that of the early 20th century.

radiative forcing

If atmosphere CO2 concentrations were held constant, over the next century average global temperature, would likely

rise another 1 degree C

the RCP (emissions scenario) that is mostly to occur depends upon all EXCEPT

solar output variability

For modelers, the term 'Climate sensitivity' specifically refers to:

the amount of warming that would occur in response to a doubling of atmospheric CO2

which of these is NOT one of the ways that our climate models have been validated?

they have successfully predicted the future climate

climate model simulations must include both natural and human factors to best represent the observed pattern of surface warming. T/F

true

What example is given for a mathematical model?

volume