CD Midterm

social groups

group people who share range of physical cultural & or social characteristics within one categories social identity race ethnicity immigrant status religion spirituality sex gender sexual orientation age socio-economic status

Marginalization

groups people unable participate in activities in community result of lack accommodations implemented for needs lacks information access ex resources language barriers physical barriers ramps elevators people who marginalized often face material deprivation even extermination

border identities

mixed race, persons who are bicultural (move from one country to live in another) a bisexual woman in a relationship with a man

Powerlessness

negative connotation associated with populations which leads to socially constructed lack of authority status & sense of self/personal agency Ex. Single mothers receiving public assistance & treated with disrespect

Ch. 1 The contributions of Solomon (1976) and Cross et. Al

"The Cultural Iceberg" - easy to see: customs, mores, courtesies - difficult to see: values, priorities, assumptions **it is important for individuals to understand that cultural makes up a multitude of thoughts and values and social constructs that a social worker has to understand

CH. 6 Critical thinking definition

"a mind set tool which helps the student with a set of criteria for thinking and evaluating the nature of knowledge"

CH. 6 Postpositivist knowledge theory -- general focus of theoretical approach

- culture is part of identity among members of a group with a foundation of shared experiences - cultural information of categories - distinct cultural common specific characteristics - 4 stages of identity development: 1. internalization of culture's negative imagery 2. expression of anger 3. immersion 4. integration of life

CH. 6 Postmodern theory -- general focus of theoretical approach

- emphasis on difference, relativism, and deconstruction of all we have come to accept as true - culture is in constant change - there is an openness and respect for cultural experience

Ch. 1 The purpose of cultural competence

- population trends - increase in awareness (increase in science, technology, media, education; we are more aware of cultural differences) - the purpose of cultural competence, social work practice is culturally biased empowerment and advocacy - civil rights, war, disasters, increase in travel, practically speaking is good for business, and it is being mandated

CH. 6 Constructivist theory -- general focus of theoretical approach

- reality constructed through social interaction and dialogue with participants - culture as group-based experiences and expectations used to make sense of the world - life narratives are used to formulate client information - cultural competence requires a readiness to engage

CH. 6 Critical knowledge theory -- general focus of theoretical approach

- reality is based on social and political processes - culture is the outcome of oppressive processes - mutual support groups - challenging institution - the target of intervention is discrimination and intercultural dominance

Social Context

-acknowledge the individual as part of a group/community -Every action=reaction

Know the three functions of cultural competence

1) Cultural awareness 2) Knowledge acquisition 3) Skill development Cultural awareness: focus on the cultural self-awareness of the worker and the cultural other awareness of the client (discuss cultural awareness competencies in framework) Knowledge acquisition: focus on a body of information that organizes material on client-worker cultural competence into sets of useful and practical principles (discuss knowledge acquisition competencies) Skill development: focus on application to the helping situation; practice principles consist of engagement, assessment, intervention, and evaluation (discuss skill development competencies in the framework)

Contextual Dimension of Oppression (3)

1. Individual--oppression is maintained at the individual level by attitudes/behaviors of individual persons. Example: belief that women are not as capable as men in making reasonable/rational decisions. 2. Institutional--structural inequality of school funding in U.S., a business that refuses to offer bereavement time to a lesbian employee whos partner just died. Institutions failing to address discrimination. 3. Societal/cultural--assuming that a heterosexual nuclear family is the norm, social norms, rituals

Intersectionality

Areas in our lives that are interconnected: the multiple intersections and crossroads in our lives that are replete with multiple social group memberships that are interconnect and interrelated. - External: age, ethnicity, language, gender, class, disability, size - Internal: culture, sexuality, education, career, background

What is the construct meaning of cultural competence?

Being capable of adequate understanding and sufficient learning of shared meanings and behaviors in a social activity setting with external and internal learning patterns that are constantly changing.

CH. 5 Sanday-- categories for individuals relating to cultural contexts

1. mainstream individual: assimilated the values of the dominant society and attempt to emulate these values in their behavior 2. bicultural individual: move in 2 distinct cultural world (mainstream, dominant culture of work and society; their culture of origin [old world traditions, beliefs, and practices]); they have a dual commitment to survive and maintain themselves in both spheres, which have meaning and purpose for them 3. the culturally different: exposed to mainstream culture but have chosen to affiliate and focus their activities in a culturally different and distinct structure; conscious choice to remain in their cultural and ethnic enclave 4. the culturally marginal: detached themselves from an identified cultural and ethnic identity and live their lives apart from distinct groups; may have been raised away from their ethnic group and now do not feel apart of their group

Ch. 1 Cultural competence in a social work practice

1. practitioner: worker must know about self-awareness in terms of his or her own values and culture 2. culture: workers are trained in the skills necessary for diversity-sensitive practice, structure, and program delivery 3. community: which replaces the context for discrimination, segregation, and distinct boundaries with a context of pluralism tends to celebrate diversity, promote cross-cultural interaction, and even include ways to promote social justice

Ch. 1 A major demographic population trend in the United States between 1980 and 2000

1980 and 2000 was a marked increase in minority populations

Ch. 1 Between 2005 and 2050 the demographic profile of ethically and age diverse people in the US

2005 and 2050 the demographic profile of ethically an age diverse in the US will be marked by an increase in of immigrants and high birth rates of their (immigrants) children

Construct

A building concept integrating data on a phenomenon (a set of facts or experience)

Apartheid

A building concept intergrating data on a phenomenon (a set of facts, circumstances, or experience)

Worldview

A cognitive picture of the way things --nature, self, and society -- are. It is related to cultural awareness.

What is a world view?

A cognitive picture of the way things---nature, self, society---actually are.

Social Class

A group with similar access to power, wealth, and prestige.

What is Cultural Competence?

A relational dialogical process between client and worker, between cultures and between people and context

Master status

A status based on one's social group that has a profound affect on one's life; that dominates or overwhelms the other statuses one occupies.

Selective

Both parent and child maintains ties to their native culture while still adjusting to the dominant culture

Know Contextual assessment focuses on the construction of what

Both personal and environmental interaction Issues of concern and available resources Personal and social networks for active consultation Collective exchanges Empowerment Partnerships of workers and clients in the process of knowledge development

Dimensions of Oppression (3)

Contextual, conscious/unconscious, applied

Know Ridley, Baker, and Hill, the purpose of cultural competence for a social work practice

Culturally based empowerment and advocacy (empower the client and advocate for the client through cultural and related resources) Advocate "therapeutic gain" as the purposeful and positive change elicited by the therapeutic process and the purpose of cultural competence Multicultural competence psychology Need to develop research instruments that strength validation of cultural competence

What is Culture?

Culture is the integrated pattern of human behavior that includes thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of a racial, ethnic, religious, or social group. "the totality of ways being passed from generation to generation."

Conscious/Unconscious Dimension of Oppression

Describes how oppression is both intentional and unintentional. Example: Male employer sexually harassing female employee (conscious). Locking your car when in black neighborhood (unconscious attitude).

Applied Dimension of Oppression

Describes how oppression is manifested at the individual (attitudes/behaviors), institutional (policies, practices, and norms), and societal/cultural (values, beliefs, and customs) levels.

what is EPAS?

Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards of social work implemented by the Council on Social work Education (CSWE). - Dictate what BSW and MSW social workers must learn -Designate content areas of curriculum

Five faces of oppression

Exploitation Powerlessness Marginalization Violence cultural imperialism

Only bilingual people engage in identity shifting.

False

The assimilationist approach to cultural diversity encourages minority ethnic groups to retain their unique identities.

False

The hypo-descendent rule is applied to individuals who are "pure".

False

According to Greene, what is Sexism?

Sexism is a systematic institutional problem that is played out in labeling of and blaming the victim→ Ethnic gender blaming is a trap that people want to avoid as not being healthy and helpful. "Racism and sexism come together in attempts to present African American (AA) women as the cause of failures in family functioning, suggesting that a lack of male dominance and female subordination has prevented AA from being truly emancipated. Males in culture are encouraged to believe that strong women are responsible for their oppression, and not racist institutions."

Acculturation

Involves adjustment and adaption from the individual from the culture of origin to the dominant culture.

What is Culture

Is the integrated pattern of human behavior that includes thoughts. communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of a racial, ethnic, religious, or social group.

Social Context

Joining and weaving together, interwoven and connected. "We are concerned about understanding the important characteristics of the person and the environment as well as the interaction between the person and the environment."

Our cultural framework includes...

Language Arts Artifacts Traditions Social Customs Norms and Values Moral Beliefs Needs Everyone is a cultural person, it brings out our personality, and looking past someone's culture is ignoring their identity.

Our culture is...

Learned Shared Internalized Handed down from generation to generation (sometimes without the conscious awareness of doing so)

Micro, Meso, Macro

Micro: Individual "Woman, heterosexual", usually feel most comfortable with the self. Meso: community/school/workplace, experience complexities, conflicts, and contradictions. Macro: large-scale, classifying/labeling human beings is used to establish and maintain a particular kind of social order

Is privilege your fault?

No, because it was inherited, but you can be a part of changing it for the future by advocating for cultural diversity, and working with those that haven't been granted privilege.

Culture

Shared meanings and behaviors in a social activity setting with external and internal learning patterns that are constantly changing

What is the Paradigm Model?

Paradigm Model is aware of one's own values, understands the worldview of his or her culturally different clients, and uses sensitive intervention strategies and skills with clients Paradigms->Perspectives Perspectives ->Emotions Emotions-> Decisions Decisions -> Actions Actions -> Consequences

Classism

People who live in economic cultures that place demands and expectations producing values and norms to which individuals must adhere to remain congruent with others in a particular economic culture.

Violence

Physical violence harassment ridicule intimidation stigmatization used to victimize members who belong to identify themselves with one particular group

Know Cultural-symbolic context refers to what?

Refers to racism expressed through vehicles of cultural knowledge where people of color are portrayed as inferior, criminal, lazy, or terrorists in efforts to perpetuate notions of White racial superiority and to maintain White racial dominance.

Exploitation

Relationships of power & inequality between social groups social rules & process characterize distribution & compensation of labour benefit one social group at detriment of hard work of other social group Migrant laborers

What are the paradigms shifts in cultural competence?

Shift to an inclusive relationship between the worker and the client based on the development of cultural competence and proficiency of both parties in the helping process

Classism

Social class is used to assert unearned privilege, dominance, and power over others in the same class or other classes

Oppression

Social forces that tend to press on people and hem them to block their pursuit of a good life. (Ex: not allowing groups the same rights like gay marriage). You cannot be oppressed unless you are part of an oppressed group.

Social Class

Social hierarchical arrangement of people based on economic power and status difference

According to Dr Lum, what is the Thesis of this textbook?

That cultural competence is a relational, dialogical process between the worker and the client, between cultures and between people and context.

Acculturation

The adjustment and adaptation of the individual from the culture of origin to the dominant culture

Acculturation

The adjustment and adaptation of the individual from the culture of origin to the dominant culture.

Racism

The cognitive belief that one ethnic group is superior to and dominant over another inferior and subjugated group supposedly because genetic composition, intelligence, skin color, character or a related rationale

Racism

The cognitive belief that one ethnic group is superior to and dominant over another inferior and subjugated group supposedly because of genetic composition, intelligence, skin color, character, or a related rationale.

Racism

The cognitive belief that one ethnic group is superior to the dominant over another inferior and subjugated group supposedly because of genetic composition, intelligence, skin color, character or a related rationale

Ethnocentrism

The focus on one's own ethnic-cultural group as the reference point for making judgements on encountered situations.

Cultural Competence

The mutual consent of the worker and the client to become culturally proficient by participating together in the exploration and learning of cultural and ethnic history, values, and behavioral issues which are relevant to understanding particular problems in the helping relationship

What is the working definition of Cultural Competence?

The mutual consent of the worker and the client to become culturally proficient by participating together in the exploration and learning of cultural and ethnic history, values, and behavioral issues which are relevant to understanding particular problems in the helping relationship as part of the micro practice process and [which are relevant to] working toward the development of meso and macro policies and programs which benefit clients who are culturally and ethnically diverse

What is the working definition of Cultural competence?

The mutual consent of the worker and the client to become culturally proficient by participating together in the exploration and learning of cultural and ethnic history, values, and behavioral issues which are relevant to understanding particular problems in the helping relationship as part of the micro practice process and {which are relevant to} working toward the development of meso and macro policies and programs which benefit clients who are culturally and ethnically diverse.

Social Work educators (CSWE) developed a curriculum construction organized into 10 core competencies.

True

There are multiple definitions for culture and cultural competence.

True

The lack of systematic measurement of educational outcomes for cultural competence :

True. Due to the fact that instrumentation is in its infancy in the field

Social Diversity

We have in mind differences between social identity groups based on social categories such as race, gender, sexuality, class, and others. These differences are reflected in a group's traditions, language, style of dress, cultural practices, religious beliefs, etc.

Consonant

Where both parent and child abandon their native culture and go 100% with the dominant culture.

Dissonant

Where the child abandons their native culture but the parent does not.

social class

a group with similar access to power, wealth, and prestige

Social context

acknowledges that the individual as part of a group of community is constantly interacting with the social environment

Construct

being capable of adequate understanding and sufficient learning of shared meanings and behaviors in social activity setting with external and internal learning patterns that are constantly changing

Social Constructs

building concept that integrates in an orderly way the diverse data on a phenomenon that could be a set of facts, circumstances or experience... organizing concept from which various supporting components are derived

Ch. 1 Construct

building concept that integrates in an orderly way the diverse data on a phenomenon that could be a set of facts, circumstances, or experience; organized concept from which vapors supporting components are derived

Apartheid in South Africa is an example of:

de jure discrimination

Diversity

focuses on the differences that make a person distinct and unique from another person

racism

the cognitive belief that one ethnic group is superior to and dominant over another inferior and subjugated group supposedly because of genetic composition, intelligence, skin color, character, or a related rationale

Lum's definition of cultural competence

the concept of cultural proficiency as an operational variable for

Cultural Competence

patience approach

classism

people live in economic cultures that place demands and expectations producing values and norms to which individuals must adhere to remain congruent with others in a particular economic culture

Positionality

self-reflection and continuous discovery and rediscovery of yourself and others.

Classism

social class is used to assert unearned privilege, dominance, and power over others in the same class or other classes

Social class

social hierarchical arrangement of people based on economic power and status difference

Social Stratification

society is stratified or separated into groups according to social class, birth, education, income, and other socioeconomic factors

Competence

sufficiency, adequacy, and capability having the capacity to function effectively within the context of culturally integrated patterns of human behavior defined by the group

Acculturation

the adjustment and adaptation of the individual from the culture of origin to the dominant culture

acculturation

the adjustment and adaptation of the individual from the culture of origin to the dominant culture

Homophobia

the fear and hatred of those who love and sexually desire those of the same sex.

ethnocentrism

the focus on one's own ethnic-cultural group as the reference point for making judgments on encountered situations

Cultural competence can be practiced at what level of practice

the individual, the agency, and the community

Culture

the integrated pattern of human behavior that includes thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of a racial, ethnic, religious, or social group the totality of ways being passed on from generation to generation and includes ways in which people with disabilities or people from various religious backgrounds or people who are gay, lesbian, or trans experience the world around them

Social Capital

the value of all of the networks among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society to function effectively

Ch. 1 Epistemology

theory of knowledge

upward classicism

those in perceived lower classes regard those in perceived higher classes as snobs and elitists

downward classicism

those who are in perceived higher classes marginalize those in lower classes

cultural imperialism

way one nation exerts power over another dominant group characterizes normalcy of culture experience Subculture subordinate culture groups judged based on norms established by dominant Ex. destruction of Aboriginal cultures colonialism the production of satellite states