CD Midterm
social groups
group people who share range of physical cultural & or social characteristics within one categories social identity race ethnicity immigrant status religion spirituality sex gender sexual orientation age socio-economic status
Marginalization
groups people unable participate in activities in community result of lack accommodations implemented for needs lacks information access ex resources language barriers physical barriers ramps elevators people who marginalized often face material deprivation even extermination
border identities
mixed race, persons who are bicultural (move from one country to live in another) a bisexual woman in a relationship with a man
Powerlessness
negative connotation associated with populations which leads to socially constructed lack of authority status & sense of self/personal agency Ex. Single mothers receiving public assistance & treated with disrespect
Ch. 1 The contributions of Solomon (1976) and Cross et. Al
"The Cultural Iceberg" - easy to see: customs, mores, courtesies - difficult to see: values, priorities, assumptions **it is important for individuals to understand that cultural makes up a multitude of thoughts and values and social constructs that a social worker has to understand
CH. 6 Critical thinking definition
"a mind set tool which helps the student with a set of criteria for thinking and evaluating the nature of knowledge"
CH. 6 Postpositivist knowledge theory -- general focus of theoretical approach
- culture is part of identity among members of a group with a foundation of shared experiences - cultural information of categories - distinct cultural common specific characteristics - 4 stages of identity development: 1. internalization of culture's negative imagery 2. expression of anger 3. immersion 4. integration of life
CH. 6 Postmodern theory -- general focus of theoretical approach
- emphasis on difference, relativism, and deconstruction of all we have come to accept as true - culture is in constant change - there is an openness and respect for cultural experience
Ch. 1 The purpose of cultural competence
- population trends - increase in awareness (increase in science, technology, media, education; we are more aware of cultural differences) - the purpose of cultural competence, social work practice is culturally biased empowerment and advocacy - civil rights, war, disasters, increase in travel, practically speaking is good for business, and it is being mandated
CH. 6 Constructivist theory -- general focus of theoretical approach
- reality constructed through social interaction and dialogue with participants - culture as group-based experiences and expectations used to make sense of the world - life narratives are used to formulate client information - cultural competence requires a readiness to engage
CH. 6 Critical knowledge theory -- general focus of theoretical approach
- reality is based on social and political processes - culture is the outcome of oppressive processes - mutual support groups - challenging institution - the target of intervention is discrimination and intercultural dominance
Social Context
-acknowledge the individual as part of a group/community -Every action=reaction
Know the three functions of cultural competence
1) Cultural awareness 2) Knowledge acquisition 3) Skill development Cultural awareness: focus on the cultural self-awareness of the worker and the cultural other awareness of the client (discuss cultural awareness competencies in framework) Knowledge acquisition: focus on a body of information that organizes material on client-worker cultural competence into sets of useful and practical principles (discuss knowledge acquisition competencies) Skill development: focus on application to the helping situation; practice principles consist of engagement, assessment, intervention, and evaluation (discuss skill development competencies in the framework)
Contextual Dimension of Oppression (3)
1. Individual--oppression is maintained at the individual level by attitudes/behaviors of individual persons. Example: belief that women are not as capable as men in making reasonable/rational decisions. 2. Institutional--structural inequality of school funding in U.S., a business that refuses to offer bereavement time to a lesbian employee whos partner just died. Institutions failing to address discrimination. 3. Societal/cultural--assuming that a heterosexual nuclear family is the norm, social norms, rituals
Intersectionality
Areas in our lives that are interconnected: the multiple intersections and crossroads in our lives that are replete with multiple social group memberships that are interconnect and interrelated. - External: age, ethnicity, language, gender, class, disability, size - Internal: culture, sexuality, education, career, background
What is the construct meaning of cultural competence?
Being capable of adequate understanding and sufficient learning of shared meanings and behaviors in a social activity setting with external and internal learning patterns that are constantly changing.
CH. 5 Sanday-- categories for individuals relating to cultural contexts
1. mainstream individual: assimilated the values of the dominant society and attempt to emulate these values in their behavior 2. bicultural individual: move in 2 distinct cultural world (mainstream, dominant culture of work and society; their culture of origin [old world traditions, beliefs, and practices]); they have a dual commitment to survive and maintain themselves in both spheres, which have meaning and purpose for them 3. the culturally different: exposed to mainstream culture but have chosen to affiliate and focus their activities in a culturally different and distinct structure; conscious choice to remain in their cultural and ethnic enclave 4. the culturally marginal: detached themselves from an identified cultural and ethnic identity and live their lives apart from distinct groups; may have been raised away from their ethnic group and now do not feel apart of their group
Ch. 1 Cultural competence in a social work practice
1. practitioner: worker must know about self-awareness in terms of his or her own values and culture 2. culture: workers are trained in the skills necessary for diversity-sensitive practice, structure, and program delivery 3. community: which replaces the context for discrimination, segregation, and distinct boundaries with a context of pluralism tends to celebrate diversity, promote cross-cultural interaction, and even include ways to promote social justice
Ch. 1 A major demographic population trend in the United States between 1980 and 2000
1980 and 2000 was a marked increase in minority populations
Ch. 1 Between 2005 and 2050 the demographic profile of ethically and age diverse people in the US
2005 and 2050 the demographic profile of ethically an age diverse in the US will be marked by an increase in of immigrants and high birth rates of their (immigrants) children
Construct
A building concept integrating data on a phenomenon (a set of facts or experience)
Apartheid
A building concept intergrating data on a phenomenon (a set of facts, circumstances, or experience)
Worldview
A cognitive picture of the way things --nature, self, and society -- are. It is related to cultural awareness.
What is a world view?
A cognitive picture of the way things---nature, self, society---actually are.
Social Class
A group with similar access to power, wealth, and prestige.
What is Cultural Competence?
A relational dialogical process between client and worker, between cultures and between people and context
Master status
A status based on one's social group that has a profound affect on one's life; that dominates or overwhelms the other statuses one occupies.
Selective
Both parent and child maintains ties to their native culture while still adjusting to the dominant culture
Know Contextual assessment focuses on the construction of what
Both personal and environmental interaction Issues of concern and available resources Personal and social networks for active consultation Collective exchanges Empowerment Partnerships of workers and clients in the process of knowledge development
Dimensions of Oppression (3)
Contextual, conscious/unconscious, applied
Know Ridley, Baker, and Hill, the purpose of cultural competence for a social work practice
Culturally based empowerment and advocacy (empower the client and advocate for the client through cultural and related resources) Advocate "therapeutic gain" as the purposeful and positive change elicited by the therapeutic process and the purpose of cultural competence Multicultural competence psychology Need to develop research instruments that strength validation of cultural competence
What is Culture?
Culture is the integrated pattern of human behavior that includes thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of a racial, ethnic, religious, or social group. "the totality of ways being passed from generation to generation."
Conscious/Unconscious Dimension of Oppression
Describes how oppression is both intentional and unintentional. Example: Male employer sexually harassing female employee (conscious). Locking your car when in black neighborhood (unconscious attitude).
Applied Dimension of Oppression
Describes how oppression is manifested at the individual (attitudes/behaviors), institutional (policies, practices, and norms), and societal/cultural (values, beliefs, and customs) levels.
what is EPAS?
Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards of social work implemented by the Council on Social work Education (CSWE). - Dictate what BSW and MSW social workers must learn -Designate content areas of curriculum
Five faces of oppression
Exploitation Powerlessness Marginalization Violence cultural imperialism
Only bilingual people engage in identity shifting.
False
The assimilationist approach to cultural diversity encourages minority ethnic groups to retain their unique identities.
False
The hypo-descendent rule is applied to individuals who are "pure".
False
According to Greene, what is Sexism?
Sexism is a systematic institutional problem that is played out in labeling of and blaming the victim→ Ethnic gender blaming is a trap that people want to avoid as not being healthy and helpful. "Racism and sexism come together in attempts to present African American (AA) women as the cause of failures in family functioning, suggesting that a lack of male dominance and female subordination has prevented AA from being truly emancipated. Males in culture are encouraged to believe that strong women are responsible for their oppression, and not racist institutions."
Acculturation
Involves adjustment and adaption from the individual from the culture of origin to the dominant culture.
What is Culture
Is the integrated pattern of human behavior that includes thoughts. communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of a racial, ethnic, religious, or social group.
Social Context
Joining and weaving together, interwoven and connected. "We are concerned about understanding the important characteristics of the person and the environment as well as the interaction between the person and the environment."
Our cultural framework includes...
Language Arts Artifacts Traditions Social Customs Norms and Values Moral Beliefs Needs Everyone is a cultural person, it brings out our personality, and looking past someone's culture is ignoring their identity.
Our culture is...
Learned Shared Internalized Handed down from generation to generation (sometimes without the conscious awareness of doing so)
Micro, Meso, Macro
Micro: Individual "Woman, heterosexual", usually feel most comfortable with the self. Meso: community/school/workplace, experience complexities, conflicts, and contradictions. Macro: large-scale, classifying/labeling human beings is used to establish and maintain a particular kind of social order
Is privilege your fault?
No, because it was inherited, but you can be a part of changing it for the future by advocating for cultural diversity, and working with those that haven't been granted privilege.
Culture
Shared meanings and behaviors in a social activity setting with external and internal learning patterns that are constantly changing
What is the Paradigm Model?
Paradigm Model is aware of one's own values, understands the worldview of his or her culturally different clients, and uses sensitive intervention strategies and skills with clients Paradigms->Perspectives Perspectives ->Emotions Emotions-> Decisions Decisions -> Actions Actions -> Consequences
Classism
People who live in economic cultures that place demands and expectations producing values and norms to which individuals must adhere to remain congruent with others in a particular economic culture.
Violence
Physical violence harassment ridicule intimidation stigmatization used to victimize members who belong to identify themselves with one particular group
Know Cultural-symbolic context refers to what?
Refers to racism expressed through vehicles of cultural knowledge where people of color are portrayed as inferior, criminal, lazy, or terrorists in efforts to perpetuate notions of White racial superiority and to maintain White racial dominance.
Exploitation
Relationships of power & inequality between social groups social rules & process characterize distribution & compensation of labour benefit one social group at detriment of hard work of other social group Migrant laborers
What are the paradigms shifts in cultural competence?
Shift to an inclusive relationship between the worker and the client based on the development of cultural competence and proficiency of both parties in the helping process
Classism
Social class is used to assert unearned privilege, dominance, and power over others in the same class or other classes
Oppression
Social forces that tend to press on people and hem them to block their pursuit of a good life. (Ex: not allowing groups the same rights like gay marriage). You cannot be oppressed unless you are part of an oppressed group.
Social Class
Social hierarchical arrangement of people based on economic power and status difference
According to Dr Lum, what is the Thesis of this textbook?
That cultural competence is a relational, dialogical process between the worker and the client, between cultures and between people and context.
Acculturation
The adjustment and adaptation of the individual from the culture of origin to the dominant culture
Acculturation
The adjustment and adaptation of the individual from the culture of origin to the dominant culture.
Racism
The cognitive belief that one ethnic group is superior to and dominant over another inferior and subjugated group supposedly because genetic composition, intelligence, skin color, character or a related rationale
Racism
The cognitive belief that one ethnic group is superior to and dominant over another inferior and subjugated group supposedly because of genetic composition, intelligence, skin color, character, or a related rationale.
Racism
The cognitive belief that one ethnic group is superior to the dominant over another inferior and subjugated group supposedly because of genetic composition, intelligence, skin color, character or a related rationale
Ethnocentrism
The focus on one's own ethnic-cultural group as the reference point for making judgements on encountered situations.
Cultural Competence
The mutual consent of the worker and the client to become culturally proficient by participating together in the exploration and learning of cultural and ethnic history, values, and behavioral issues which are relevant to understanding particular problems in the helping relationship
What is the working definition of Cultural Competence?
The mutual consent of the worker and the client to become culturally proficient by participating together in the exploration and learning of cultural and ethnic history, values, and behavioral issues which are relevant to understanding particular problems in the helping relationship as part of the micro practice process and [which are relevant to] working toward the development of meso and macro policies and programs which benefit clients who are culturally and ethnically diverse
What is the working definition of Cultural competence?
The mutual consent of the worker and the client to become culturally proficient by participating together in the exploration and learning of cultural and ethnic history, values, and behavioral issues which are relevant to understanding particular problems in the helping relationship as part of the micro practice process and {which are relevant to} working toward the development of meso and macro policies and programs which benefit clients who are culturally and ethnically diverse.
Social Work educators (CSWE) developed a curriculum construction organized into 10 core competencies.
True
There are multiple definitions for culture and cultural competence.
True
The lack of systematic measurement of educational outcomes for cultural competence :
True. Due to the fact that instrumentation is in its infancy in the field
Social Diversity
We have in mind differences between social identity groups based on social categories such as race, gender, sexuality, class, and others. These differences are reflected in a group's traditions, language, style of dress, cultural practices, religious beliefs, etc.
Consonant
Where both parent and child abandon their native culture and go 100% with the dominant culture.
Dissonant
Where the child abandons their native culture but the parent does not.
social class
a group with similar access to power, wealth, and prestige
Social context
acknowledges that the individual as part of a group of community is constantly interacting with the social environment
Construct
being capable of adequate understanding and sufficient learning of shared meanings and behaviors in social activity setting with external and internal learning patterns that are constantly changing
Social Constructs
building concept that integrates in an orderly way the diverse data on a phenomenon that could be a set of facts, circumstances or experience... organizing concept from which various supporting components are derived
Ch. 1 Construct
building concept that integrates in an orderly way the diverse data on a phenomenon that could be a set of facts, circumstances, or experience; organized concept from which vapors supporting components are derived
Apartheid in South Africa is an example of:
de jure discrimination
Diversity
focuses on the differences that make a person distinct and unique from another person
racism
the cognitive belief that one ethnic group is superior to and dominant over another inferior and subjugated group supposedly because of genetic composition, intelligence, skin color, character, or a related rationale
Lum's definition of cultural competence
the concept of cultural proficiency as an operational variable for
Cultural Competence
patience approach
classism
people live in economic cultures that place demands and expectations producing values and norms to which individuals must adhere to remain congruent with others in a particular economic culture
Positionality
self-reflection and continuous discovery and rediscovery of yourself and others.
Classism
social class is used to assert unearned privilege, dominance, and power over others in the same class or other classes
Social class
social hierarchical arrangement of people based on economic power and status difference
Social Stratification
society is stratified or separated into groups according to social class, birth, education, income, and other socioeconomic factors
Competence
sufficiency, adequacy, and capability having the capacity to function effectively within the context of culturally integrated patterns of human behavior defined by the group
Acculturation
the adjustment and adaptation of the individual from the culture of origin to the dominant culture
acculturation
the adjustment and adaptation of the individual from the culture of origin to the dominant culture
Homophobia
the fear and hatred of those who love and sexually desire those of the same sex.
ethnocentrism
the focus on one's own ethnic-cultural group as the reference point for making judgments on encountered situations
Cultural competence can be practiced at what level of practice
the individual, the agency, and the community
Culture
the integrated pattern of human behavior that includes thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of a racial, ethnic, religious, or social group the totality of ways being passed on from generation to generation and includes ways in which people with disabilities or people from various religious backgrounds or people who are gay, lesbian, or trans experience the world around them
Social Capital
the value of all of the networks among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society to function effectively
Ch. 1 Epistemology
theory of knowledge
upward classicism
those in perceived lower classes regard those in perceived higher classes as snobs and elitists
downward classicism
those who are in perceived higher classes marginalize those in lower classes
cultural imperialism
way one nation exerts power over another dominant group characterizes normalcy of culture experience Subculture subordinate culture groups judged based on norms established by dominant Ex. destruction of Aboriginal cultures colonialism the production of satellite states