CDEV 021: Chapter 5-7 Homework (SJDC, Beyer)
The Strange Situation is a procedure designed to assess ____ patterns between an infant and an adult.
Attachment
The close emotional bond between mothers and infants is known as _________.
Attachment
The development of an enduring emotional tie between an infant and their caregiver is identified as
Attachment
Which of the following are the psychological issues of development facing toddlers and their caregivers?
Autonomy Socialization Sense of self
Erik Erikson's stage of development for the toddler is called
Autonomy versus shame and doubt
When an infant is unaffected by their parent either leaving or returning they are demonstrating _______ attachment.
Avoidant
From the age of ___ months, infants begin to smile, touch, and babble with other children their own age.
6-12
An average baby can stand with assistance by _______ months.
7
In the United States, separation anxiety typically begins at about the age of
7 to 8 months
The child that demonstrates a positive sense of committed compliance is most likely
8 to 10 months of age A girl
In _____% of maltreatment cases the perpetrator is the child's parent.
80
Which of the following is NOT an example of telegraphic speech?
A child says the word cookie and points to a cookie on the plate.
Which of these areas helped prove that newborns are capable of feeling pain?
A study of circumcised infant males
A natural behavior for a two-year-old who is willing to share their toys and offer comfort to anoter is an example of a(n)______ behavior.
Altruistic
Three year old, Gannon, wipes a tear from his sister's eye. This is an example of what behavior?
Altruistic
Which of the following groups tend to be heavy smokes and drinkers thus leading to poor outcomes in pregnancy?
American Indians Alaska natives
Cody is upset when his parents leave him but yet he kicks and rebels when they return. Cody is acting in an ambivalent resistant manner due to his
Anger Frustration
The tendency of the toddler to shout "No!" just or the sake of resisting authority is called
Negativity
Having an emotional discomfort about doing something wrong and having the ability to refrain from doing it is the description of having developed a
Conscience
Failure to meet a child's basic needs is often referred to as _____.
Neglect
When a parent fails to provide a child with the basic necessity of food that is a form of ________.
Neglect
What is the common understanding regarding infants and the sensation of touch?
Newborns are capable of feeling touch.
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding an infant's ability to taste?
Newborns prefer salty tastes.
__________ includes both emotional discomfort about doing something wrong and the ability to refrain from doing it.
Conscience
The use of _______ conflict helps children learn how to disagree, fight, and compromise.
Constructive
The sounds that infants make to express pleasure during interactions with a caregiver are called ____.
Cooing
Baby Troy sees his favorite stuffed bear on the couch across the room. He crawls over to the couch, pulls himself up, and reaches for his bear. Which sensorimotor substage does Troy fit into?
Coordination of secondary circular reactions
Baby Annie sees a toy that she wants and crawls over to get to it. Which sensorimotor substage does Annie fit into?
Coordination of secondary schemes
This tough band of tissue joins the left and right hemisphere of the brain.
Corpus callosum
Which of the following are the two most important emotional expressions that infants display when interacting with their parents?
Cries Smiles
Which type of activity do infants demonstrate first in order to get their needs met?
Crying
Order the sequence of babies' sounds during the first year of life, beginning with the earliest form.
Crying Cooing Babbling Use of speech
Infant mortality rates in the U.S. have ______ (increased/decreased).
Decreased
This type of perception depends on cues that affect the image of an object on the retina.
Depth
Our self concept helps us to
Describe what we know and feel about ourselves Guide our actions
Terrorization, exploitation, and degradation are forms of _________ maltreatment.
Emotional
Temperament may affect the way children regulate their:
Emotional functioning Mental functioning Behavioral functioning
_________ are subjective reactions to experiences.
Emotions
Cody notices everyone is quiet at his grandmother's funeral. He responds with quiet behavior by demonstrating ____ to the people around him.
Empathy
Which of the following is NOT listed as a means that parents and caregivers can promote language development?
Encouraging toddlers to watch television
According to Esther Thelen, which of the following influence motor development?
Environmental affordances Muscular strength Infant's motivation
The match between a child's temperament and their environment is a description of ______ of _________.
Goodness Fit
Which type of infant smile does not depend on external stimuli?
Reflexive
A(n) _______ smile in an infant does not occur in response to external stimuli, but a(n) _____smile does.
Reflexive Social
A major foundation of early socialization is a child's ability to self _______.
Regulate
A major foundation of early socialization is a child's ability to self _________.
Regulate
Janey and her mother are sensitive and appropriate in their responses which signals an emotional and mental state called mutual ______.
Regulation
Janey and her mother are sensitive and appropriate in their responses which signals an emotional and mental state called mutual_________
Regulation
There is a __________ (greater/lesser) prevalence of SIDS in African Americans as compared to white and Hispanic babies.
Greater
Select all of the following that describes the brain's growth.
Growth occurs in fits
Different parts of the brain grow more rapidly
Growth starts with brain growth spurts
Select all of the following that describes the brain's growth.
Growth starts with brain growth spurts Growth occurs in fits Different parts of the brain grow more rapidly
Our self concepts helps us to
Guide our actions Describe what we know and feel about ourselves
The acronym associated with trained observers interviewing the primary caregiver of children regarding cognitive stimulation is called _______.
HOME
_____ memory involves knowledge of how to crawl, walk, and jump.
Implicit
________memory is the type of memory that encompasses skills and routine procedures that are performed automatically.
Implicit
The memory an infant has regarding how to hold a sippy cup and drink from it is called
Implicit memory
Select the following reasons why children in developed countries are taller today than a century ago.
Improved medical care Decrease in child labor Improved sanitation
In maltreatment cases the _______ is usually the perpetrator.
Mother
Which of the following is not an aspect of effective early intervention?
Narrow in approach
Constructive conflict with siblings helps children recognize each other's
Needs and wishes Point of view
The ability of both an infant and their caregiver to respond appropriately and sensitively to each other's mental and emotional states is known as mutual
Regulation
Which of the following statements is true regarding telegraphic speech?
Telegraphic speech is not limited to two words.
According to the text, _____ may also be affected by culturally influenced child-rearing.
Temperament
An individual's behavior style and characteristic way of responding is his or her
Temperament
Kagan believes that ______ has both a physiological basis and an experiental one.
Temperament
This hemisphere is the center of logical thinking.
left
Breastfed babies are _______ (more/less) likely to experience motor delays.
less
By what age can infants begin to detect word boundaries?
6 months
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that an infant be breast fed, though not exclusively, for
1 year or longer
More than _____ of U.S. infant deaths take place in the first week of life.
1/2
Disorganized attachment is thought to occur in at least _____ of low-risk infants.
10%
Baby Natalie has just mastered climbing up three stairs into her kitchen from the living room using her hands and legs. Based on what we know about gross motor development, which of these is Natalie's probable age?
15 months
Jonas has gained self awareness since he is able to recognize himself in the mirror. This tells us that Jonas is _____ months of age.
18-24
Jonas has gained self awareness since he is able to recognize himself in the mirror. This tells us the Jonas is ____ months of age.
18-24
At what age do children begin using two-word utterances?
18-24 months
SIDS is the leading cause of infant death during the postneonatal period and peaks between _____ and _______ months.
2 3
Which of the following individuals are displaying self-conscious emotions?
2-year-old Sam, who feels shame 7-year-old Harry, who is embarrassed
On the well-known Snellen chart used for eye examinations, a newborn's visual acuity is estimated to be
20/400
According to Piaget, at what age does the sensorimotor period end?
24 months
Infant begins to associate gender-typical toys with the face of the correct gender from about ____ months.
24-36
Infants begin to associate gender-typical toys with the face of the correct gender from about ___ months.
24-36
Infants begin to associate gender-typical toys with the face of the correct gender from about _____ months.
24-36
The newborn's brain is about
25% of its adult weight.
During the ______ year children begin to climb stairs on e at a time.
2nd
A child grows the quickest during the first ______ years of life.
3
Ainsworth identified ________ main patterns of attachment in her research using the Strange Situation.
3
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects and surfaces in ___________ dimension(s).
3
It is recommended that a child visit the eye doctor for a formal vision test by the age of
3
Substance abuse is a contributing factor in ________% to 66% of abuse and neglect cases.
33
Infants develop a sense of personal agency between ages
4-10 months
By the age of 2 weeks approximately _______ % of American infants sleep with a parent.
40
Infants should consume only breast milk or formula for the first ____ months of life.
6
Between _____ and _____ months, babies begin to become aware of the phonological rules of their language.
6 12
Infants should be introduced to other foods (such as cereal) at _______ to ___________ months of life.
6 12
Chomsky believed that children are born into the world with a language
Acquisition device
According to the text, intelligent behavior is a goal-oriented and
Adaptive
Even though sibling rivalry is present, so is
Affection
Even though sibling rivalry is present, so is _______.
Affection
Which of the following groups has the highest obesity rate?
African Americans
Which of the following family problems are contributing factors for maltreatment?
Alcoholism Poverty Depression
Rejection, ridicule, and isolation are forms of _____ maltreatment.
Emotional
Ba ba ba ba is an example of
Babbling
______is the production of strings of consonant-vowel combinations.
Babbling
The _________reflex is when you rub the sole of the baby's foot and the toes fan out.
Babinski
Temperament affects the way two-year-old Kiley reacts to her worlds as well as how she would regulate her ______ functioning.
Behavioral Mental Emotional
A long lasting problem associated with maltreatment of children is poor physical, mental, and emotional health resulting in
Behavioral problems Attachment problems Emotional instability
The term "sex" refers to ________ between males and females.
Biological differences
Which of the following is the leading cause of infant deaths in the United States?
Birth defects
__________ _________ are the number one cause of infant deaths in the United States.
Birth defects
Children who received early intervention through the ________ experimental group demonstrated a widening advantage over the control groups in developmental test scores.
CARE
Daniel is an infant who is playing with toy cars and toy animals. They are all mixed up in a box. Daniel takes all the cars and puts them outside of the box, leaving the animals in the box. In what is Daniel engaging?
Categorization
________is the grouping objects, events, and characteristics on the basis of common properties.
Categorization
Which of the following is NOT one of the four lobes of the cerebral cortex?
Caudal
Little Marcus understands that if he shakes his rattle a funny noise will come out. Marcus understands
Causality
The brain develops more rapidly than the spinal cord. Arm buds form before leg buds. Which principle do these facts represent?
Cephalocaudal
The physical growth pattern in which the earliest growth always occurs at the top of the body (head) and proceeds from top to bottom is called the ______ growth pattern.
Cephalocaudal
______ principle is development top to bottom and proximodistal principle is development new the ______ of the body before the extremities.
Cephalocaudal Center
Which of the following terms describe the physical development growth pattern?
Cephalocaudal principle Proximodistal principle
Pediatric experts usually recommend beginning with which solid food first?
Cereal
Which part of the brain is divided into left and right hemispheres?
Cerebrum
When infant Stacy starts sucking in anticipation of her bottle, she is demonstrating
Classical conditioning
The cognitive neuroscience approach attempts to identify what brain structures are involved in areas of ________.
Cognition
One reason why collaborative activities increase is that toddlers have better __ skills.
Communication
The increase in communicative skills and social competence of toddlers motivates _____ with parental wishes.
Compliance
Our image of ourselves, our total picture of our abilities and traits is our self ______
Concept
Our image of ourselves, our total picture of our abilities and traits is our self ________.
Concept
Infant Bailey is given a series of tasks with established norms to measure his intelligence. Bailey is taking a(n) ______ test.
Developmental
Six-month-old John often reacts negatively and cries frequently. He also is not very adaptive. According to Chess & Thomas' classification system, he is most likely a (n) _______ child.
Difficult
______ is the increase in responsiveness after a change in stimulus.
Dishabituation
According to Ainsworth's model, ______ babies may show confusion and fearfulness around their caregivers.
Disorganized
According to Ainsworth's model, insecure _______ babies are disoriented; they might show strong patterns of avoidance and resistance or display certain specified behaviors, such as extreme fearfulness around the caregiver.
Disorganized
When can sound first be perceived?
During the last months of pregnancy
Rosa goes to the home of Mr and Mrs Johnson twice a week to work with their four-year-old on his letters and numbers. Rosa is engaging in
Early intervention
The systematic process of planning and providing therapeutic and educational services for families that need help in meeting the infants', toddlers', and preschool children's developmental needs is called
Early intervention
According to Chess and Thomas' temperament classification system, a(n) _____ child is generally in a positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines in infancy, and adapts readily to new experiences.
Easy
According to Chess and Thomas' temperament classification system, a(n)_____ child is generally in a positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines in infancy, and adapts readily to new experiences.
Easy
Eight-month-old Roger is usually in a positive mood, is adaptive, and conforms readily to household routines. According to Chess & Thomas' classification system, he is a(n) _________ child.
Easy
The ____ view connects perceptual capabilities to information available in the world of the perceiver.
Ecological
A factor that can influence a child's behavioral inhibition toward stability is
Educational relationships Birth order
______memory refers to the conscious memory of facts and experiences.
Explicit
Gabby is a toddler who loves going to the library. When Gabby and her mother get to the library, Gabby knows exactly where to go to get to the children's section. What type of memory is used in this instance?
Explicit memory
Rebecca is a toddler who is being cared for by a babysitter. Rebecca wants a cookie before bedtime. The sitter tells Rebecca that she does not know where the cookies are. Rebecca takes the sitter by the hand and leads her to the cabinet where the cookies are kept. What type of memory is Rebecca using?
Explicit memory
Children who have cultivated a secure base are more apt to ________ their environment more effectively.
Explore
Symptoms of failure to thrive may include which of the following?
Extreme fatigue Excessive sleepiness Delayed motor development
Slowed or arrested physical growth with no known medical cause accompanied by poor developmental and emotional functioning is also called
Failure to thrive
Children grow ____ (slowest/fastest) during the first three years.
Fastest
The ________ leading cause of infant deaths in the United States results from unintentional injuiries.
Fifth
The type of motor skills that involve finger dexterity are called ______ motor skills.
Fine
When babies repeat a body sensation first experienced by chance, they are most likely in the ____ sensorimotor substage.
First habits and primary circular reactions
The four lobes of the brain are the occipital, parietal, temporal, and __________.
Frontal
The way a person dresses,plays, and moves their body is a description of the role played in our lives by our _______.
Gender
What it means to be identified as being either male or female is called ______.
Gender
The process by which children learn behavior that their culture considers appropriate is called ______ _______.
Gender typing
An infant waving bye-bye is an example of
Gestures
The more secure a child's attachment is to a nurturing adult, the more likely it is that the child will develop
Good relationships with others
When infants are repeatedly shown pictures of pairs of cat, they begin to pay less and less attention to them. After viewing the cat-cat pictures, the infants are shown a dog-dog pair. The infants look longer at the dogs, demonstrating that they have the ability to
Habituate
_______is decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations.
Habituation
Which type of experiment is typically used to study infant concept abilities?
Habituation experiments
__________perception is the ability of an infant to acquire information by putting an object in the mouth.
Haptic
Baby Marlow uses his mom as a base from which to explore the environment. When his mom leaves, he protests mildly, and when his mom returns, he reestablishes positive interactions with her. Which of Ainsworth's categories best describes Marlow?
He is securely attached baby
This body part is large in comparison to the rest of the infant.
Head
What is the leading cause of death in child abuse cases in the United States?
Head trauma
Boys are typically ______ (heavier/lighter) than girls.
Heavier
The ______, a structure deep in the temporal lobes, makes longer-lasting memories possible.
Hippocampus
A simple syllable or word that has more than one meaning depending on the context is called a(n) _______
Holophrase
If a two-year-old utters the word "up," and it means "Please pick me up I am tired walking," the child has used a(n)
Holophrase
According to Erik Erikson, as an infant develops trust, they gain the virtue of _______.
Hope
According to Erikson's concept of trust versus mistrust, this is a developmental stage that occurs
In the first two years of life
According to Erikson's theory, three year old Gannon is determined to get his own juice from the refrigerator. This is a sign of Gannon striving for _______.
Independence
The ______ _______ rate has decreased continuously since the 20th century.
Infant mortality
Which of the following statement is true?
Infants understand about 50 words at about 13 months but cannot say 50 words until about 18 months.
Which of the following statements is true?
Infants understand about 50 words at about 13 months but cannot say 50 words until about 18 months.
Studies using the AAI have found that as adults, how we recall our own experiences with our parents _______ how we respond to our own children.
Influences
4 month old infants that are noisy and active in response to new stimuli are categorized as
Inhibited
According to research, about 20% of infants became extremely excited; getting so aroused that they started crying. This group of infants were described as
Inhibited
Kagan is responsible for the temperament classification system that involves behavioral _____.
Inhibition
_________toddlers tend to demonstrate more fear than those that are securely attached.
Insecurely attached
Which of the following are three areas of interest related to cognitive development during ages 0 to 3?
Intelligence testing Assessing the impact of the home Early intervention
Toddler Jimmy is pulling on his blanket which brings his stuffed teddy bear closer to him. Jimmy is demonstrating
Intelligent behavior
Successful socialization is impacted by both _________ and _________ factors.
Internal External
Social referencing may play a role in the development of self and the process of
Internalization Socialization
Gross motor skills
Involve large-muscle activities
What is the evolutionary purpose of the Moro reflex?
It is believed to be a way of grabbing for support while falling.
Conscience depends on the willingness to do the right thing because the child believes
It is right
_____ attention occurs when two individuals focus on the same object or event.
Joint
Which of the following are inappropriate foods commonly given to infants before 12 months?
Juice Cow's milk
Which of the following theorists developed a temperament classification system based on inhibition and lack of inhibition?
Kagan
Parents and caregivers provide opportunities for communicative experience by promoting __________ development and use.
Language
________is a form of communication that is based on a system of words and grammar.
Language
The Denver developmental screening test measures which of the following?
Language development Personality development Fine motor skills Gross motor skills
An infant's head is ________ (large/small) in comparison to the rest of their body.
Large
This hemisphere is the center of language.
Left
Mothers who breastfeed report feeling _____ (more/less) anxious.
Less
________speech occurs during 10 to 14 months of age and includes expressions that convey meaning.
Linguistic
Which of the following are especially dangerous to the developing brain?
Malnutrition Environment toxins Maternal stress Drugs
In this culture, the mother sleeps with the child until a new baby is born.
Mayan
A family member asks Chloe to point to her family's pet dog, Fido. Chloe smiles and points happily at Fido across the room. Which sensorimotor substage does Chloe fit into?
Mental combinations
By age two, girls tend to be _________ talkative than boys.
More
The prefrontal cortex develops __________ any other part of the brain.
More slowly than
The ______reflex occurs in response to a sudden, intense noise or movement.
Moro
Intelligence quotient tests measure an individual's abilities and compares that person's performance against standardized
Norms
Renee Baillargeon conducted research on the presence of _________ in infants as young as 3 and a half months old using the violations-of-expectations model.
Object permanence
____ is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched.
Object permanence
Variation in children's adjustment to a new baby may have to do with many factors, such as the:
Older child's age Family atmostphere Relationship with mother
__________ has been especially useful when studying infant perception and memory.
Operant conditioning
What have studies examining the connection between socioeconomic status and language development found?
Parents on welfare talked less to their children than parents considered to be professionals.
Which of the following statements regarding child-directed speech is not true?
Parents purposely speak in child-directed speech since it is difficult to do when talking to infants.
The two lobes of the brain associated with language are the _____ lobe and the ____ lobe.
Parietal Temporal
The two lobes of the brain associated with language are the _______ lobe and the _______ lobe
Parietal Temporal
_________ categorization is based on features such as shape, color, and patterns.
Perceptual
Michael is a baby who has demonstrated that he can put all the red blocks in one pile and all the blue blocks in a different pile. What area of categorization has Michael demonstrated?
Perceptual categorization
According to the text, adults have one of the following styles of reading to children:
Performance oriented Comprehender Describer
The brain is molded through experience. This is an example of
Plasticity
________enables individuals to adapt to environmental changes.
Plasticity
Which of the following have been found beneficial for a child's intellectual development?
Playthings that encourage the development of concepts Parents' involvement in children's play Number of books in the home
Securely attached children tend to have a more _____ self-image.
Positive
Securely attached toddlers have more ____ interactions.
Positive
The study of Romanian children in foster care showed that foster care may have a _________ (positive/negative) effect on moderating the adverse effects of early institutionalization.
Positive
A reaction to a change in position or balance is a(n)______reflex.
Postural
__________ _____________ is illustrated by the cooing, babbling, and accidental imitation of sounds.
Prelinguistic speech
Baby Sarah can grab a large block with her hand but can't yet pick up a tiny Cheerio with her fingers. Which principle does this represent?
Proximodistal
Infants get control over their trunks and shoulders before they get control over their arms, hands, and fingers. Which principle does this represent?
Proximodistal
The goals of _____ testing are to measure quantitatively the factors that are thought to make up intelligence.
Psychometric
The goals of ______ testing are to measure quantitatively the factors that are thought to make up intelligence.
Psychometric
Which of the following serve as maltreatment prevention activities?
Public service announcements Parenting classes Raising awareness among the population
Auditory discrimination develops _____ (slowly/quickly) after a baby is born.
Quickly
The term social ________ is used to describe the processing of emotional cues to determine how to act in a particular situation.
Referencing
_______behaviors are built-in reactions to stimuli that govern the newborn's movements in an involuntary and automatic way.
Reflex
Classical conditioning focuses on _____ or involuntary responses.
Reflexes
Research has shown that infants will suck faster on a nipple when the sucking behavior is followed by a visual display, music, or a human voice. The visual display, music, or human voice is considered to be a(n) _________
Reinforcer
Research has shown that infants will suck faster on a nipple when the sucking behavior is followed by a visual display, music, or a human voice. The visual display, music, or human voice is considered to be a(n)____
Reinforcer
When parents smile at their infants for any vocalizations they make, the parents are ______ the infant's language development.
Reinforcing
Attachment is a _______ process between both the child's temperament and the parenting style.
Relational
Adults can help an infant advance toward true speech by _____ the sounds the baby makes.
Repeating
The first step toward compliance with social standards is being compliant with parental
Requests Expectations Instructions
According to Ainsworth's model, a(n) ______ baby often clings to the caregiver and then may fight against closeness perhaps by kicking or pushing away.
Resistant
Which of the following make it difficult for a mother to breastfeed?
Returning to work soon after the baby's birth Lack of privacy Long periods of work without breaks
The ___ reflex occurs when the infant's cheek is stroked or the side of the mouth is touched and the infant turns its head toward the side in search of a nipple.
Rooting
Which of the following reflexes demonstrates that infants can feel touch?
Rooting reflex
A visual recognition smile is typically seen during the
Second month
When an infant protests their caregiver leaving but are able to effectively gain comfort, they are seen as having _____ attachment.
Secure
Mothers of _______ attached babies tend to be sensitive and responsive.
Securely
________ _______ children interact more positively with parents, peers, and teachers.
Securely attached
Areas of socialization developing in toddlers include
Self-regulation and conscience
The term ______ _____ is used to describe infants who cry and cling when their caregiver leaves them.
Separation Protest
Two forms of abuse that are considered maltreatment are physical abuse and ____ abuse.
Sexual
Socialization is created through the early contacts of children with their ______.
Siblings
A bottle is placed in baby Erika's mouth. She begins to suck on the nipple immediately. When the bottle is removed from her mouth but is still present, she continues to make the sucking movements with her mouth. Which sensorimotor substage is baby Erika in?
Simple reflexes
The sensorimotor substage in which sensation and action are coordinated primarily through such behaviors as rooting and sucking is called
Simple reflexes
Research has shown that babies begin to differentiate between male and female voices as early as
Six months
_______learned from sibling interaction carries over to relationships outside the home.
Skills Lessons
Andy has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays a low intensity of mood. According to Chess & Thomas' classification system, he is most likely a(n)____ child.
Slow-to-warm-up
Which of the following categories best describes Chess and Thomas' classification of a child that has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays a low intensity of mood?
Slow-to-warm-up
Fine motor skills involve _______ muscles.
Small
Babies who eat well during the first year of life show which of the following characteristics?
Smarter Stronger Healthier
From the moment of birth, what type of smells do newborns prefer?
Smells such as strawberry and vanilla
When a baby feels social they are most likely going to
Smile
Language experts consider pointing to be an important index of the _______ aspects of language.
Social
One-year-old- Bryan sees a man with a beard approaching him and his mother. Brian looks at his mother's face to get a cue as to whether or not he should be alarmed. This is an example of ___________ _________
Social Referencing
Which of the following is considered to be an aid in the competence of our relationships with others?
Social skills Emotions Cognitions
The process by which children develop habits, skills, values, and motives that make them responsible, productive members of society is called _____.
Socialization
According to the text, during the second year, fathers talk and spend more time with _______.
Sons
The most recent thinking of developmentalists regarding how much soothing should occur with infants is that caregivers should
Soothe the child as needed Soothe on a regular basis
________vocabulary refers to words a child uses.
Spoken
A newborn's cries are controlled by the brain _________ and ______.
Stem Pons
According to the text, intelligent parents may be more likely to provide a ______ home environment.
Stimulating
Newborns prefer _____ taste.
Sweet
Boys are typically _______ (taller/shorter) than girls.
Taller
A phrase like "up no" meaning, "I want to be picked up now" is an example of _________
Telegraphic speech
_______ _______ is the use of short and precise words without grammatical markers such as articlers, auxiliary verbs, and other connectives.
Telegraphic speech
Baby Carter sees an empty box on the floor. He crawls over to the box and begins putting his blocks into it. A few minutes later, he tips the box on its side and crawls into it. He then crawls out of the box, stands up, and puts the box on his head like a hat. He walks around with the box on his head until he bumps into the wall. Which sensorimotor substage is Carter in?
Tertiary circular reactions, novelty, and curiosity
Becky is in the kitchen with her mother. She takes out a pot and a spoon. She turns the pot upside down and begins to bang on it with a spoon as if it were a drum. She has just begun exploring objects in this way. Which sensorimotor substage is Becky in?
Tertiary circular reactions, novelty, and curiosity
The laboratory procedure constructed by Gibson and Walk (1960) to determine whether or not an infant could perceive depth is called
The Visual cliff
The measurable difference between a baby boy and a baby girl is
The boy is bigger Boys are more active than girls
Jeremy is a very active toddler whose parents try to avoid putting him in situations in which he must sit still for long periods of time. This illustrates
The concept of goodness to fit
If an infant categorizes birds and airplanes into the same group, which of the following statements regarding perceptual categorization and conceptual categorization is true?
The infant understands perceptual categorization but not conceptual categorization
In the first habits and primary circular reactions substage, the main focus is on
The infant's own body
Gender refers to
The social construction of what biological differences mean.
Young infants can perceive emotions expressed by others and can adjust
Their own behavior
What are the purposes of reflexes?
They allow infants to respond adaptively to their environment. They are survival mechanisms that are genetically carried.
A child experiences explosive growth and development during the first _______ years of life.
Three
Ainsworth found _____ main patterns of attachment.
Three
What is the first sense of develop?
Touch
In reference to developmental stages, Erikson believe that infants learn _____ when they are cared for in a warm and consistent manner.
Trust
Erik Erikson's first stage of development is
Trust versus mistrust
Match the language sounds or words with the ages at which children begin using the sounds or words.
Two word utterances - 18 to 24 months Cooing - 2-4 months Crying - birth Babbling - 6 months Fist word spoken - 13 months
Which of the following activities is NOT a gross motor skill?
Tying shoes
Children are engaging in what practice when they fail to use a word to name a relevant event or object?
Underextension
MacKenzie is an 18-month-old girl. Her family has a white poodle for a pet, and MacKenzie has learned that the poodle is a puppy. She refuses to call any other dog "puppy." In what is MacKenzie engaging?
Underextension
________ is the tendency to apply a word too narrowly.
Underextension
When assessing temperament, infants that showed interest in new stimuli, but stayed calm, were labeled as
Uninhibited
When researchers set up situations that create "impossible events," they are MOST likely using the ____ model.
Violation-of-expectations
__________is the least developed sense at birth.
Vision
Researchers use _______ ______ which is based on an infant's ability to make visual distinctions.
Visual preference
Researchers use _______ _______ which is based on an infant's ability to make visual distinctions.
Visual preference
The ability to distinguish a familiar visual stimulus from an unfamiliar one is called _____ memory.
Visual recognition
Mental representations are prepared and recalled from
Working memory
The short-term storage of information the brain is actively processing is called _______.
Working memory
Genes _______ (do/do not) help determine whether a chld will be thin or stocky.
do
Symptoms of failure to thrive may include which of the following?
excessive sleepiness Extreme fatigue Delayed motor development
Babies can begin to distinguish sound at ________ month(s) of age.
one
The goals of psychomentric testing are to measure factors considered to be components of intelligence including:
reasoning Comprehension
Letters have been replaced by _____ in eye charts designed for toddlers.
shapes
