CDEV 021: Chapter 5-7 Homework (SJDC, Beyer)

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The Strange Situation is a procedure designed to assess ____ patterns between an infant and an adult.

Attachment

The close emotional bond between mothers and infants is known as _________.

Attachment

The development of an enduring emotional tie between an infant and their caregiver is identified as

Attachment

Which of the following are the psychological issues of development facing toddlers and their caregivers?

Autonomy Socialization Sense of self

Erik Erikson's stage of development for the toddler is called

Autonomy versus shame and doubt

When an infant is unaffected by their parent either leaving or returning they are demonstrating _______ attachment.

Avoidant

From the age of ___ months, infants begin to smile, touch, and babble with other children their own age.

6-12

An average baby can stand with assistance by _______ months.

7

In the United States, separation anxiety typically begins at about the age of

7 to 8 months

The child that demonstrates a positive sense of committed compliance is most likely

8 to 10 months of age A girl

In _____% of maltreatment cases the perpetrator is the child's parent.

80

Which of the following is NOT an example of telegraphic speech?

A child says the word cookie and points to a cookie on the plate.

Which of these areas helped prove that newborns are capable of feeling pain?

A study of circumcised infant males

A natural behavior for a two-year-old who is willing to share their toys and offer comfort to anoter is an example of a(n)______ behavior.

Altruistic

Three year old, Gannon, wipes a tear from his sister's eye. This is an example of what behavior?

Altruistic

Which of the following groups tend to be heavy smokes and drinkers thus leading to poor outcomes in pregnancy?

American Indians Alaska natives

Cody is upset when his parents leave him but yet he kicks and rebels when they return. Cody is acting in an ambivalent resistant manner due to his

Anger Frustration

The tendency of the toddler to shout "No!" just or the sake of resisting authority is called

Negativity

Having an emotional discomfort about doing something wrong and having the ability to refrain from doing it is the description of having developed a

Conscience

Failure to meet a child's basic needs is often referred to as _____.

Neglect

When a parent fails to provide a child with the basic necessity of food that is a form of ________.

Neglect

What is the common understanding regarding infants and the sensation of touch?

Newborns are capable of feeling touch.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding an infant's ability to taste?

Newborns prefer salty tastes.

__________ includes both emotional discomfort about doing something wrong and the ability to refrain from doing it.

Conscience

The use of _______ conflict helps children learn how to disagree, fight, and compromise.

Constructive

The sounds that infants make to express pleasure during interactions with a caregiver are called ____.

Cooing

Baby Troy sees his favorite stuffed bear on the couch across the room. He crawls over to the couch, pulls himself up, and reaches for his bear. Which sensorimotor substage does Troy fit into?

Coordination of secondary circular reactions

Baby Annie sees a toy that she wants and crawls over to get to it. Which sensorimotor substage does Annie fit into?

Coordination of secondary schemes

This tough band of tissue joins the left and right hemisphere of the brain.

Corpus callosum

Which of the following are the two most important emotional expressions that infants display when interacting with their parents?

Cries Smiles

Which type of activity do infants demonstrate first in order to get their needs met?

Crying

Order the sequence of babies' sounds during the first year of life, beginning with the earliest form.

Crying Cooing Babbling Use of speech

Infant mortality rates in the U.S. have ______ (increased/decreased).

Decreased

This type of perception depends on cues that affect the image of an object on the retina.

Depth

Our self concept helps us to

Describe what we know and feel about ourselves Guide our actions

Terrorization, exploitation, and degradation are forms of _________ maltreatment.

Emotional

Temperament may affect the way children regulate their:

Emotional functioning Mental functioning Behavioral functioning

_________ are subjective reactions to experiences.

Emotions

Cody notices everyone is quiet at his grandmother's funeral. He responds with quiet behavior by demonstrating ____ to the people around him.

Empathy

Which of the following is NOT listed as a means that parents and caregivers can promote language development?

Encouraging toddlers to watch television

According to Esther Thelen, which of the following influence motor development?

Environmental affordances Muscular strength Infant's motivation

The match between a child's temperament and their environment is a description of ______ of _________.

Goodness Fit

Which type of infant smile does not depend on external stimuli?

Reflexive

A(n) _______ smile in an infant does not occur in response to external stimuli, but a(n) _____smile does.

Reflexive Social

A major foundation of early socialization is a child's ability to self _______.

Regulate

A major foundation of early socialization is a child's ability to self _________.

Regulate

Janey and her mother are sensitive and appropriate in their responses which signals an emotional and mental state called mutual ______.

Regulation

Janey and her mother are sensitive and appropriate in their responses which signals an emotional and mental state called mutual_________

Regulation

There is a __________ (greater/lesser) prevalence of SIDS in African Americans as compared to white and Hispanic babies.

Greater

Select all of the following that describes the brain's growth.

Growth occurs in fits

Different parts of the brain grow more rapidly

Growth starts with brain growth spurts

Select all of the following that describes the brain's growth.

Growth starts with brain growth spurts Growth occurs in fits Different parts of the brain grow more rapidly

Our self concepts helps us to

Guide our actions Describe what we know and feel about ourselves

The acronym associated with trained observers interviewing the primary caregiver of children regarding cognitive stimulation is called _______.

HOME

_____ memory involves knowledge of how to crawl, walk, and jump.

Implicit

________memory is the type of memory that encompasses skills and routine procedures that are performed automatically.

Implicit

The memory an infant has regarding how to hold a sippy cup and drink from it is called

Implicit memory

Select the following reasons why children in developed countries are taller today than a century ago.

Improved medical care Decrease in child labor Improved sanitation

In maltreatment cases the _______ is usually the perpetrator.

Mother

Which of the following is not an aspect of effective early intervention?

Narrow in approach

Constructive conflict with siblings helps children recognize each other's

Needs and wishes Point of view

The ability of both an infant and their caregiver to respond appropriately and sensitively to each other's mental and emotional states is known as mutual

Regulation

Which of the following statements is true regarding telegraphic speech?

Telegraphic speech is not limited to two words.

According to the text, _____ may also be affected by culturally influenced child-rearing.

Temperament

An individual's behavior style and characteristic way of responding is his or her

Temperament

Kagan believes that ______ has both a physiological basis and an experiental one.

Temperament

This hemisphere is the center of logical thinking.

left

Breastfed babies are _______ (more/less) likely to experience motor delays.

less

By what age can infants begin to detect word boundaries?

6 months

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that an infant be breast fed, though not exclusively, for

1 year or longer

More than _____ of U.S. infant deaths take place in the first week of life.

1/2

Disorganized attachment is thought to occur in at least _____ of low-risk infants.

10%

Baby Natalie has just mastered climbing up three stairs into her kitchen from the living room using her hands and legs. Based on what we know about gross motor development, which of these is Natalie's probable age?

15 months

Jonas has gained self awareness since he is able to recognize himself in the mirror. This tells us that Jonas is _____ months of age.

18-24

Jonas has gained self awareness since he is able to recognize himself in the mirror. This tells us the Jonas is ____ months of age.

18-24

At what age do children begin using two-word utterances?

18-24 months

SIDS is the leading cause of infant death during the postneonatal period and peaks between _____ and _______ months.

2 3

Which of the following individuals are displaying self-conscious emotions?

2-year-old Sam, who feels shame 7-year-old Harry, who is embarrassed

On the well-known Snellen chart used for eye examinations, a newborn's visual acuity is estimated to be

20/400

According to Piaget, at what age does the sensorimotor period end?

24 months

Infant begins to associate gender-typical toys with the face of the correct gender from about ____ months.

24-36

Infants begin to associate gender-typical toys with the face of the correct gender from about ___ months.

24-36

Infants begin to associate gender-typical toys with the face of the correct gender from about _____ months.

24-36

The newborn's brain is about

25% of its adult weight.

During the ______ year children begin to climb stairs on e at a time.

2nd

A child grows the quickest during the first ______ years of life.

3

Ainsworth identified ________ main patterns of attachment in her research using the Strange Situation.

3

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects and surfaces in ___________ dimension(s).

3

It is recommended that a child visit the eye doctor for a formal vision test by the age of

3

Substance abuse is a contributing factor in ________% to 66% of abuse and neglect cases.

33

Infants develop a sense of personal agency between ages

4-10 months

By the age of 2 weeks approximately _______ % of American infants sleep with a parent.

40

Infants should consume only breast milk or formula for the first ____ months of life.

6

Between _____ and _____ months, babies begin to become aware of the phonological rules of their language.

6 12

Infants should be introduced to other foods (such as cereal) at _______ to ___________ months of life.

6 12

Chomsky believed that children are born into the world with a language

Acquisition device

According to the text, intelligent behavior is a goal-oriented and

Adaptive

Even though sibling rivalry is present, so is

Affection

Even though sibling rivalry is present, so is _______.

Affection

Which of the following groups has the highest obesity rate?

African Americans

Which of the following family problems are contributing factors for maltreatment?

Alcoholism Poverty Depression

Rejection, ridicule, and isolation are forms of _____ maltreatment.

Emotional

Ba ba ba ba is an example of

Babbling

______is the production of strings of consonant-vowel combinations.

Babbling

The _________reflex is when you rub the sole of the baby's foot and the toes fan out.

Babinski

Temperament affects the way two-year-old Kiley reacts to her worlds as well as how she would regulate her ______ functioning.

Behavioral Mental Emotional

A long lasting problem associated with maltreatment of children is poor physical, mental, and emotional health resulting in

Behavioral problems Attachment problems Emotional instability

The term "sex" refers to ________ between males and females.

Biological differences

Which of the following is the leading cause of infant deaths in the United States?

Birth defects

__________ _________ are the number one cause of infant deaths in the United States.

Birth defects

Children who received early intervention through the ________ experimental group demonstrated a widening advantage over the control groups in developmental test scores.

CARE

Daniel is an infant who is playing with toy cars and toy animals. They are all mixed up in a box. Daniel takes all the cars and puts them outside of the box, leaving the animals in the box. In what is Daniel engaging?

Categorization

________is the grouping objects, events, and characteristics on the basis of common properties.

Categorization

Which of the following is NOT one of the four lobes of the cerebral cortex?

Caudal

Little Marcus understands that if he shakes his rattle a funny noise will come out. Marcus understands

Causality

The brain develops more rapidly than the spinal cord. Arm buds form before leg buds. Which principle do these facts represent?

Cephalocaudal

The physical growth pattern in which the earliest growth always occurs at the top of the body (head) and proceeds from top to bottom is called the ______ growth pattern.

Cephalocaudal

______ principle is development top to bottom and proximodistal principle is development new the ______ of the body before the extremities.

Cephalocaudal Center

Which of the following terms describe the physical development growth pattern?

Cephalocaudal principle Proximodistal principle

Pediatric experts usually recommend beginning with which solid food first?

Cereal

Which part of the brain is divided into left and right hemispheres?

Cerebrum

When infant Stacy starts sucking in anticipation of her bottle, she is demonstrating

Classical conditioning

The cognitive neuroscience approach attempts to identify what brain structures are involved in areas of ________.

Cognition

One reason why collaborative activities increase is that toddlers have better __ skills.

Communication

The increase in communicative skills and social competence of toddlers motivates _____ with parental wishes.

Compliance

Our image of ourselves, our total picture of our abilities and traits is our self ______

Concept

Our image of ourselves, our total picture of our abilities and traits is our self ________.

Concept

Infant Bailey is given a series of tasks with established norms to measure his intelligence. Bailey is taking a(n) ______ test.

Developmental

Six-month-old John often reacts negatively and cries frequently. He also is not very adaptive. According to Chess & Thomas' classification system, he is most likely a (n) _______ child.

Difficult

______ is the increase in responsiveness after a change in stimulus.

Dishabituation

According to Ainsworth's model, ______ babies may show confusion and fearfulness around their caregivers.

Disorganized

According to Ainsworth's model, insecure _______ babies are disoriented; they might show strong patterns of avoidance and resistance or display certain specified behaviors, such as extreme fearfulness around the caregiver.

Disorganized

When can sound first be perceived?

During the last months of pregnancy

Rosa goes to the home of Mr and Mrs Johnson twice a week to work with their four-year-old on his letters and numbers. Rosa is engaging in

Early intervention

The systematic process of planning and providing therapeutic and educational services for families that need help in meeting the infants', toddlers', and preschool children's developmental needs is called

Early intervention

According to Chess and Thomas' temperament classification system, a(n) _____ child is generally in a positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines in infancy, and adapts readily to new experiences.

Easy

According to Chess and Thomas' temperament classification system, a(n)_____ child is generally in a positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines in infancy, and adapts readily to new experiences.

Easy

Eight-month-old Roger is usually in a positive mood, is adaptive, and conforms readily to household routines. According to Chess & Thomas' classification system, he is a(n) _________ child.

Easy

The ____ view connects perceptual capabilities to information available in the world of the perceiver.

Ecological

A factor that can influence a child's behavioral inhibition toward stability is

Educational relationships Birth order

______memory refers to the conscious memory of facts and experiences.

Explicit

Gabby is a toddler who loves going to the library. When Gabby and her mother get to the library, Gabby knows exactly where to go to get to the children's section. What type of memory is used in this instance?

Explicit memory

Rebecca is a toddler who is being cared for by a babysitter. Rebecca wants a cookie before bedtime. The sitter tells Rebecca that she does not know where the cookies are. Rebecca takes the sitter by the hand and leads her to the cabinet where the cookies are kept. What type of memory is Rebecca using?

Explicit memory

Children who have cultivated a secure base are more apt to ________ their environment more effectively.

Explore

Symptoms of failure to thrive may include which of the following?

Extreme fatigue Excessive sleepiness Delayed motor development

Slowed or arrested physical growth with no known medical cause accompanied by poor developmental and emotional functioning is also called

Failure to thrive

Children grow ____ (slowest/fastest) during the first three years.

Fastest

The ________ leading cause of infant deaths in the United States results from unintentional injuiries.

Fifth

The type of motor skills that involve finger dexterity are called ______ motor skills.

Fine

When babies repeat a body sensation first experienced by chance, they are most likely in the ____ sensorimotor substage.

First habits and primary circular reactions

The four lobes of the brain are the occipital, parietal, temporal, and __________.

Frontal

The way a person dresses,plays, and moves their body is a description of the role played in our lives by our _______.

Gender

What it means to be identified as being either male or female is called ______.

Gender

The process by which children learn behavior that their culture considers appropriate is called ______ _______.

Gender typing

An infant waving bye-bye is an example of

Gestures

The more secure a child's attachment is to a nurturing adult, the more likely it is that the child will develop

Good relationships with others

When infants are repeatedly shown pictures of pairs of cat, they begin to pay less and less attention to them. After viewing the cat-cat pictures, the infants are shown a dog-dog pair. The infants look longer at the dogs, demonstrating that they have the ability to

Habituate

_______is decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations.

Habituation

Which type of experiment is typically used to study infant concept abilities?

Habituation experiments

__________perception is the ability of an infant to acquire information by putting an object in the mouth.

Haptic

Baby Marlow uses his mom as a base from which to explore the environment. When his mom leaves, he protests mildly, and when his mom returns, he reestablishes positive interactions with her. Which of Ainsworth's categories best describes Marlow?

He is securely attached baby

This body part is large in comparison to the rest of the infant.

Head

What is the leading cause of death in child abuse cases in the United States?

Head trauma

Boys are typically ______ (heavier/lighter) than girls.

Heavier

The ______, a structure deep in the temporal lobes, makes longer-lasting memories possible.

Hippocampus

A simple syllable or word that has more than one meaning depending on the context is called a(n) _______

Holophrase

If a two-year-old utters the word "up," and it means "Please pick me up I am tired walking," the child has used a(n)

Holophrase

According to Erik Erikson, as an infant develops trust, they gain the virtue of _______.

Hope

According to Erikson's concept of trust versus mistrust, this is a developmental stage that occurs

In the first two years of life

According to Erikson's theory, three year old Gannon is determined to get his own juice from the refrigerator. This is a sign of Gannon striving for _______.

Independence

The ______ _______ rate has decreased continuously since the 20th century.

Infant mortality

Which of the following statement is true?

Infants understand about 50 words at about 13 months but cannot say 50 words until about 18 months.

Which of the following statements is true?

Infants understand about 50 words at about 13 months but cannot say 50 words until about 18 months.

Studies using the AAI have found that as adults, how we recall our own experiences with our parents _______ how we respond to our own children.

Influences

4 month old infants that are noisy and active in response to new stimuli are categorized as

Inhibited

According to research, about 20% of infants became extremely excited; getting so aroused that they started crying. This group of infants were described as

Inhibited

Kagan is responsible for the temperament classification system that involves behavioral _____.

Inhibition

_________toddlers tend to demonstrate more fear than those that are securely attached.

Insecurely attached

Which of the following are three areas of interest related to cognitive development during ages 0 to 3?

Intelligence testing Assessing the impact of the home Early intervention

Toddler Jimmy is pulling on his blanket which brings his stuffed teddy bear closer to him. Jimmy is demonstrating

Intelligent behavior

Successful socialization is impacted by both _________ and _________ factors.

Internal External

Social referencing may play a role in the development of self and the process of

Internalization Socialization

Gross motor skills

Involve large-muscle activities

What is the evolutionary purpose of the Moro reflex?

It is believed to be a way of grabbing for support while falling.

Conscience depends on the willingness to do the right thing because the child believes

It is right

_____ attention occurs when two individuals focus on the same object or event.

Joint

Which of the following are inappropriate foods commonly given to infants before 12 months?

Juice Cow's milk

Which of the following theorists developed a temperament classification system based on inhibition and lack of inhibition?

Kagan

Parents and caregivers provide opportunities for communicative experience by promoting __________ development and use.

Language

________is a form of communication that is based on a system of words and grammar.

Language

The Denver developmental screening test measures which of the following?

Language development Personality development Fine motor skills Gross motor skills

An infant's head is ________ (large/small) in comparison to the rest of their body.

Large

This hemisphere is the center of language.

Left

Mothers who breastfeed report feeling _____ (more/less) anxious.

Less

________speech occurs during 10 to 14 months of age and includes expressions that convey meaning.

Linguistic

Which of the following are especially dangerous to the developing brain?

Malnutrition Environment toxins Maternal stress Drugs

In this culture, the mother sleeps with the child until a new baby is born.

Mayan

A family member asks Chloe to point to her family's pet dog, Fido. Chloe smiles and points happily at Fido across the room. Which sensorimotor substage does Chloe fit into?

Mental combinations

By age two, girls tend to be _________ talkative than boys.

More

The prefrontal cortex develops __________ any other part of the brain.

More slowly than

The ______reflex occurs in response to a sudden, intense noise or movement.

Moro

Intelligence quotient tests measure an individual's abilities and compares that person's performance against standardized

Norms

Renee Baillargeon conducted research on the presence of _________ in infants as young as 3 and a half months old using the violations-of-expectations model.

Object permanence

____ is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched.

Object permanence

Variation in children's adjustment to a new baby may have to do with many factors, such as the:

Older child's age Family atmostphere Relationship with mother

__________ has been especially useful when studying infant perception and memory.

Operant conditioning

What have studies examining the connection between socioeconomic status and language development found?

Parents on welfare talked less to their children than parents considered to be professionals.

Which of the following statements regarding child-directed speech is not true?

Parents purposely speak in child-directed speech since it is difficult to do when talking to infants.

The two lobes of the brain associated with language are the _____ lobe and the ____ lobe.

Parietal Temporal

The two lobes of the brain associated with language are the _______ lobe and the _______ lobe

Parietal Temporal

_________ categorization is based on features such as shape, color, and patterns.

Perceptual

Michael is a baby who has demonstrated that he can put all the red blocks in one pile and all the blue blocks in a different pile. What area of categorization has Michael demonstrated?

Perceptual categorization

According to the text, adults have one of the following styles of reading to children:

Performance oriented Comprehender Describer

The brain is molded through experience. This is an example of

Plasticity

________enables individuals to adapt to environmental changes.

Plasticity

Which of the following have been found beneficial for a child's intellectual development?

Playthings that encourage the development of concepts Parents' involvement in children's play Number of books in the home

Securely attached children tend to have a more _____ self-image.

Positive

Securely attached toddlers have more ____ interactions.

Positive

The study of Romanian children in foster care showed that foster care may have a _________ (positive/negative) effect on moderating the adverse effects of early institutionalization.

Positive

A reaction to a change in position or balance is a(n)______reflex.

Postural

__________ _____________ is illustrated by the cooing, babbling, and accidental imitation of sounds.

Prelinguistic speech

Baby Sarah can grab a large block with her hand but can't yet pick up a tiny Cheerio with her fingers. Which principle does this represent?

Proximodistal

Infants get control over their trunks and shoulders before they get control over their arms, hands, and fingers. Which principle does this represent?

Proximodistal

The goals of _____ testing are to measure quantitatively the factors that are thought to make up intelligence.

Psychometric

The goals of ______ testing are to measure quantitatively the factors that are thought to make up intelligence.

Psychometric

Which of the following serve as maltreatment prevention activities?

Public service announcements Parenting classes Raising awareness among the population

Auditory discrimination develops _____ (slowly/quickly) after a baby is born.

Quickly

The term social ________ is used to describe the processing of emotional cues to determine how to act in a particular situation.

Referencing

_______behaviors are built-in reactions to stimuli that govern the newborn's movements in an involuntary and automatic way.

Reflex

Classical conditioning focuses on _____ or involuntary responses.

Reflexes

Research has shown that infants will suck faster on a nipple when the sucking behavior is followed by a visual display, music, or a human voice. The visual display, music, or human voice is considered to be a(n) _________

Reinforcer

Research has shown that infants will suck faster on a nipple when the sucking behavior is followed by a visual display, music, or a human voice. The visual display, music, or human voice is considered to be a(n)____

Reinforcer

When parents smile at their infants for any vocalizations they make, the parents are ______ the infant's language development.

Reinforcing

Attachment is a _______ process between both the child's temperament and the parenting style.

Relational

Adults can help an infant advance toward true speech by _____ the sounds the baby makes.

Repeating

The first step toward compliance with social standards is being compliant with parental

Requests Expectations Instructions

According to Ainsworth's model, a(n) ______ baby often clings to the caregiver and then may fight against closeness perhaps by kicking or pushing away.

Resistant

Which of the following make it difficult for a mother to breastfeed?

Returning to work soon after the baby's birth Lack of privacy Long periods of work without breaks

The ___ reflex occurs when the infant's cheek is stroked or the side of the mouth is touched and the infant turns its head toward the side in search of a nipple.

Rooting

Which of the following reflexes demonstrates that infants can feel touch?

Rooting reflex

A visual recognition smile is typically seen during the

Second month

When an infant protests their caregiver leaving but are able to effectively gain comfort, they are seen as having _____ attachment.

Secure

Mothers of _______ attached babies tend to be sensitive and responsive.

Securely

________ _______ children interact more positively with parents, peers, and teachers.

Securely attached

Areas of socialization developing in toddlers include

Self-regulation and conscience

The term ______ _____ is used to describe infants who cry and cling when their caregiver leaves them.

Separation Protest

Two forms of abuse that are considered maltreatment are physical abuse and ____ abuse.

Sexual

Socialization is created through the early contacts of children with their ______.

Siblings

A bottle is placed in baby Erika's mouth. She begins to suck on the nipple immediately. When the bottle is removed from her mouth but is still present, she continues to make the sucking movements with her mouth. Which sensorimotor substage is baby Erika in?

Simple reflexes

The sensorimotor substage in which sensation and action are coordinated primarily through such behaviors as rooting and sucking is called

Simple reflexes

Research has shown that babies begin to differentiate between male and female voices as early as

Six months

_______learned from sibling interaction carries over to relationships outside the home.

Skills Lessons

Andy has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays a low intensity of mood. According to Chess & Thomas' classification system, he is most likely a(n)____ child.

Slow-to-warm-up

Which of the following categories best describes Chess and Thomas' classification of a child that has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays a low intensity of mood?

Slow-to-warm-up

Fine motor skills involve _______ muscles.

Small

Babies who eat well during the first year of life show which of the following characteristics?

Smarter Stronger Healthier

From the moment of birth, what type of smells do newborns prefer?

Smells such as strawberry and vanilla

When a baby feels social they are most likely going to

Smile

Language experts consider pointing to be an important index of the _______ aspects of language.

Social

One-year-old- Bryan sees a man with a beard approaching him and his mother. Brian looks at his mother's face to get a cue as to whether or not he should be alarmed. This is an example of ___________ _________

Social Referencing

Which of the following is considered to be an aid in the competence of our relationships with others?

Social skills Emotions Cognitions

The process by which children develop habits, skills, values, and motives that make them responsible, productive members of society is called _____.

Socialization

According to the text, during the second year, fathers talk and spend more time with _______.

Sons

The most recent thinking of developmentalists regarding how much soothing should occur with infants is that caregivers should

Soothe the child as needed Soothe on a regular basis

________vocabulary refers to words a child uses.

Spoken

A newborn's cries are controlled by the brain _________ and ______.

Stem Pons

According to the text, intelligent parents may be more likely to provide a ______ home environment.

Stimulating

Newborns prefer _____ taste.

Sweet

Boys are typically _______ (taller/shorter) than girls.

Taller

A phrase like "up no" meaning, "I want to be picked up now" is an example of _________

Telegraphic speech

_______ _______ is the use of short and precise words without grammatical markers such as articlers, auxiliary verbs, and other connectives.

Telegraphic speech

Baby Carter sees an empty box on the floor. He crawls over to the box and begins putting his blocks into it. A few minutes later, he tips the box on its side and crawls into it. He then crawls out of the box, stands up, and puts the box on his head like a hat. He walks around with the box on his head until he bumps into the wall. Which sensorimotor substage is Carter in?

Tertiary circular reactions, novelty, and curiosity

Becky is in the kitchen with her mother. She takes out a pot and a spoon. She turns the pot upside down and begins to bang on it with a spoon as if it were a drum. She has just begun exploring objects in this way. Which sensorimotor substage is Becky in?

Tertiary circular reactions, novelty, and curiosity

The laboratory procedure constructed by Gibson and Walk (1960) to determine whether or not an infant could perceive depth is called

The Visual cliff

The measurable difference between a baby boy and a baby girl is

The boy is bigger Boys are more active than girls

Jeremy is a very active toddler whose parents try to avoid putting him in situations in which he must sit still for long periods of time. This illustrates

The concept of goodness to fit

If an infant categorizes birds and airplanes into the same group, which of the following statements regarding perceptual categorization and conceptual categorization is true?

The infant understands perceptual categorization but not conceptual categorization

In the first habits and primary circular reactions substage, the main focus is on

The infant's own body

Gender refers to

The social construction of what biological differences mean.

Young infants can perceive emotions expressed by others and can adjust

Their own behavior

What are the purposes of reflexes?

They allow infants to respond adaptively to their environment. They are survival mechanisms that are genetically carried.

A child experiences explosive growth and development during the first _______ years of life.

Three

Ainsworth found _____ main patterns of attachment.

Three

What is the first sense of develop?

Touch

In reference to developmental stages, Erikson believe that infants learn _____ when they are cared for in a warm and consistent manner.

Trust

Erik Erikson's first stage of development is

Trust versus mistrust

Match the language sounds or words with the ages at which children begin using the sounds or words.

Two word utterances - 18 to 24 months Cooing - 2-4 months Crying - birth Babbling - 6 months Fist word spoken - 13 months

Which of the following activities is NOT a gross motor skill?

Tying shoes

Children are engaging in what practice when they fail to use a word to name a relevant event or object?

Underextension

MacKenzie is an 18-month-old girl. Her family has a white poodle for a pet, and MacKenzie has learned that the poodle is a puppy. She refuses to call any other dog "puppy." In what is MacKenzie engaging?

Underextension

________ is the tendency to apply a word too narrowly.

Underextension

When assessing temperament, infants that showed interest in new stimuli, but stayed calm, were labeled as

Uninhibited

When researchers set up situations that create "impossible events," they are MOST likely using the ____ model.

Violation-of-expectations

__________is the least developed sense at birth.

Vision

Researchers use _______ ______ which is based on an infant's ability to make visual distinctions.

Visual preference

Researchers use _______ _______ which is based on an infant's ability to make visual distinctions.

Visual preference

The ability to distinguish a familiar visual stimulus from an unfamiliar one is called _____ memory.

Visual recognition

Mental representations are prepared and recalled from

Working memory

The short-term storage of information the brain is actively processing is called _______.

Working memory

Genes _______ (do/do not) help determine whether a chld will be thin or stocky.

do

Symptoms of failure to thrive may include which of the following?

excessive sleepiness Extreme fatigue Delayed motor development

Babies can begin to distinguish sound at ________ month(s) of age.

one

The goals of psychomentric testing are to measure factors considered to be components of intelligence including:

reasoning Comprehension

Letters have been replaced by _____ in eye charts designed for toddlers.

shapes


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