Cell Biology

A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the development of: A. the nucleus. B. DNA. C. plasma membranes. D. photosynthetic capability.

A

In a bacterial cell, the DNA is in the: A. Nucleoid (cytoplasm) B. Cell membrane C. Cell envelope D. Nucleus

A

The cell RER - Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Has ribosome, make new proteins and membranes

The cell Lysosomes?

Have digestive enzymes, that break down things and kill bacteria

Transport - Impermeable ? - Permeable ?

Impermeable: to most polar or charged solutes Permeable: to non-polar compounds ≈ lipophilic

Eukaryotes Absorption

Ingestion & photosynthesis

The cell Vacuoles?

Large membranous sacs that store things. Vesicles are smaller.

Eukaryotes Single or linear DNA

Linear DNA

Prokaryotes Singular or linear DNA

Linear DNA

What six characteristics distinguish living organisms from inanimate objects?

Living organisms (1) are chemically complex and highly organized; (2) extract, transform, and use energy from their environment; (3) have the capacity to precisely self-replicate and self-assemble; (4) exploit a chemical interplay with their environment; (5) possess programmatically defined functions; and (6) evolve to new forms over many generations.

Eukaryotes Binary fission or mitosis

Mitosis

Prokaryotes Cytoskeleton

No

Prokaryotes Intracellular movement

No

Prokaryotes Mitochondria

No

Prokaryotes Organelles or no

No organelles

The cell SER - Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

No ribosomes, form transport vesicles

The cell Nucleus is surrounded by ?

Nuclear membrane

Eukaryotes Organelles or no

Organelles

The cell Golgi apparatus?

Package things that go outside the cell. e.g. hormones

Which transport ? The channel

Passive transport

What is the plasma membrane composed of ?

Phospholipid bilayer and embedded proteins

Prokaryotes Absorption

Photosynthesis

What do you know about cells? - Golgi apparatus

Receives vesicles from rest of cell. These are then secreted sometimes after modification

The cell Little grains floating around?

Ribosomes

What do you know about cells? - Mitochondria

Site of creps cycle and ATP creation

What do you know about cells? - Ribosomes

Site the translation from mRNA to protein

Prokaryotes Small or large ?

Small

What do you know about cells? - Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Synthesis of lipids and some steroids. Also, detoxification

Endosymbiosis theory

The Endosymbiotic Theory states that the mitochondria and chloroplast in eukaryotic cells were once aerobic bacteria (prokaryote) that were ingested by a large anaerobic bacteria (prokaryote). This theory explains the origin of eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria is believed to contain DNA cause it once was a bacteria.

The cell Protective outer layer?

The plasma membrane

What do you know about cells? - Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Transport system in cytoplasm, collects, stores, packages and transports proteins made by the ribosomes.

T/F Prokaryotic cells came before eukaryotic cells

True

Eukaryotes Small or large?

large

Which transport ? the pump

Active transport

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. What do they have in its place ? A. Nucleolus B. Nucleoid region C. Deoxyribonucleic acid D. Chromatin E. Nuclear envelope

B

Which is a list of organelles? A. Mitochondria, chromatin, endoplasmic reticulum B. Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes C. Peroxisomes, lysosomes, plasma membrane D. Proteasomes, peroxisomes, lysosomes

B

Why is the membrane referred to as a fluid mosaic structure? A. Any fluid can easily move through the membrane and cannot be regulated? B. The components are able to move and are not held statically in place C. The membrane is often completely disrupted and flows freely, loosing its function

B

What is the plasma membrane composed of ? A. Phospholipid bilayer B. Phospholipid bilayer plus embedded proteins C. A single layer of phospholipids plus embedded proteins

B.

Prokaryotes binary fission or mitosis

Binary fission

The cell Mitochondria?

Break down sugar into ATP => energy. Contains its own DNA and ribosomes

A. Eukaryotic cells contain a plasma membrane and cytoplasm, but prokaryotic cells do not. B. Prokaryotic cells contain a nucleus and eukaryotic cells do not. C. Prokaryotic cells lack organelles, but eukaryotic cells possess organelles

C

In eukaryotes, the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the: A. Cell membrane B. Nucleus C. Nuclear envelope D. Nucleoplasm

C

What do you know about cells? - Nucleus

Contains DNA

What do you know about cells? - Plasmic membrane

Control what goes in and out of the cell

The cell Inside liquid?

Cytoplasm

The cell Nucleus?

DNA

What do you know about cells? - Lysosomes

Digests micro-molecules, old cell parts, and micro-organelles

A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the development of: A. DNA B. Photosynthetic capability C. Plasma membrane D. Ribosomes E. The nucleus

E

In eukaryotes, the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the: A. Cell membrane B. Nuclear envelope C. Nucleolus D. Nucleoplasm E. Nucleosome

E

Eukaryotes Intracellular movement

yes

Eukaryotes Mitochondria

yes

Membrane functions:

• Gap junctions - cell to cell interaction • Signal detection • Boundary and permeability barrier • Transport

T/F Eukaryotic cells are simple, prokaryotic cells are complex

False

T/F Eukaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, prokaryotic cells do

False

T/F Prokaryotic cells are bigger than eukaryotic cells

False