Medical Terminology: Chapter 19 Questions, med term chapter 1-19

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Western blot

Specific test to detect presence of anti-HIV antibodies in the bloodstream.

The ability of lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body's own antigens as not foreign is called

Tolerance

Masses of lymph tissue in the back of the oropharynx are the

Tonsils

Collection of pus in the pleural cavity:

Pyothorax

The abbreviation for the medical term for the procedure that assesses thyroid function by testing the ability of the thyroid gland to trap and retain radioactive iodine following oral ingestion of the iodine is

RAIU

Exfoliative cytology

Scraping and microscopic examination of cells from the region of suspected disease is called

epidermis

a thin, cellular membrane layer; containing keratin and is the outermost layer of the skin

malignant tumor

a tumor having the characteristics of continuous growth, invasiveness, and metastasis

The suffix that means smell:

-osmia

The suffix that means breathing:

-pnea

The suffix that means pulse:

-sphxia

Hypersensitivity

Abnormal condition characterized by an exaggerated response of the immune system to an antigen.

Onychocryptosis

Abnormal condition of a hidden nail (ingrown nail)

Allergy

Abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen (allergen).

Previous exposure to an antibody-producing disease is an example of

Acquired active immunity

Formation of antibodies and lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen is

Acquired immunity

Outward extension of the shoulder bone:

Acromion

Adjuvant therapy

Adding drugs early in the course of treatment to hasten or assist primary treatment in attacking cancer cells would be considered

Adjuvant therapy

Adding drugs early in the course of treatment to hasten or assist primary treatment in attacking cancer cells would be considered Adjuvant therapy. refers to any treatment that is used to assist the main treatment. If chemotherapy is prescribed after surgery removes a tumor, the chemotherapy is adjuvant to the surgery.

Where in the respiratory tract does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place?

Alveoli

Enzyme that digests starch:

Amylase

Which test measures the number of helper T cells in the bloodstream of patients with AIDS?

CD4 lymphocyte count

Airway obstruction associated with emphysema and chronic bronchitis:

COPD

Meta-

Change, exchange, beyond Example: metamorphosis, a change in shape or structure, especially a change from one stage of development to another.

Benign, Metastasize

Characteristically, a ________ tumor grows slowly, is well-differentiated and noninvasive, and does not spread to a distant location; that is, it does not ________.

Buccal means pertaining to the:

Cheek

Anaphylaxis

Exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substance.

keloid

Excess hypertrophied, thickened scar developing after trauma or surgical incision

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

Excretion of nitrogenous waste products

Pap-Smear

Exfoliative cystology

Material is expelled from the lungs:

Expectoration

_________ is an inflammatory skin disease with erythematous papulovesicular lesions.

Exzema

Exophthalmometry is the measurement of ____________ with an exophthalmometer

Eyeball protrusion

The name of the procedure that measures the amount of glucose in the blood at the time of the test is

FPG

Mandible, vomer, maxilla, and zygomatic are bones of the:

Face

Achalasia is:

Failure of the lower esophageal sphincter muscle to relax

The combining form adip/o means

Fat

Melena is:

Feces containing digested blood

Smaller of the two lower leg bones:

Fibula

Atopy

Intense allergic reaction (such as asthma) influenced by hereditary tendency or predisposition.

______nodal means between two nodes

Inter

This fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries

Interstitial

Fluid in the space between the cells is

Interstitial fluid

In pernicious anemia, RBC production is decreased due to lack of a protein called

Intrinsic factor

Vaccination

Introduction of a vaccine (containing dead or weakened antigen) to produce immunity. It is a type of acquired immunity.

Telescoping of the intestine:

Intussusception

ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION

Invisible light rays that may be responsible for sunburns, skin cancers, and cataract formation

During cellular respiration, what happens to the carbon dioxide?

It leaves the cells and enters the bloodstream

Icterus is another term for:

Jaundice

KS is the abbreviation for

Kaposi sarcoma

Postoperatively, Sheri developed a thickened hypertrophied incisional scar. This type of scar is called a

Keloid

Tests such as the measurement of ALT, AST, and serum bilirubin are known collectively as

LFTs

14. Cheil/o means the same as:

Labi/o

Immunoelectrophoresis

Laboratory test that separates immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgD, IgE, and IgA).

Undifferentiated

Lacking structures typical of mature cells Mature cells that lack typical microscopic structures are called undifferentiated.

Operation performed to relieve the symptoms of a slipped disk:

Laminectomy

The medical term for the endoscopic visual examination of the abdomen is

Laparoscopy

Thoracic duct

Large lymphatic vessel in the upper chest.

Macrophage

Large phagocyte found in lymphatic tissues and connective tissues; derived from a monocyte.

Removal of the voice box:

Laryngectomy

Strata means:

Layers

Malignant tumor of smooth muscle:

Leiomyosarcoma

________ is a general term meaning disease of bone marrow with malignant WBCs filling the marrow and bloodstream

Leukemia

White blood cells are also called

Leukocytes

Removal of liver tissue for the purpose of analysis under a microscope is (a)

Liver biopsy

Fluid transported by the lymphatic vessels is called

Lymph

The combining form lymph/o means

Lymph

________oma is a malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymphatic tissue

Lymph

The tiniest lymphatic vessels are the

Lymph capillaries

Inguinal node

Lymph node in the groin region.

Mediastinal node

Lymph node in the mediastinum (central area between the lungs in the chest).

Cervical node

Lymph node in the neck.

Axillary node

Lymph node under the arm.

Clusters of small oval-shaped tissue along the path of lymph vessels are

Lymph nodes

Stationary lymph tissues along lymph vessels are called

Lymph nodes

The collection of interstitial fluid within the spaces between cells due to obstruction of lymph vessels and nodes is

Lymphedema

The ring of muscle that controls movement of food from the stomach to the small intestine is the:

Pyloric sphincter

poli/o

gray

Lymphocytopenia

Deficiency of lymphocytes.

A person with type o blood is a(n)

Universal donor

The combining form idi/o means:

Unknown

Another term for blister is:

Vesicle

Gy

gray-unit of absorbed radiation dose

chlor/o

green

fissure

groove or crack-like sore

FUNGATING

growth description of tumor growth in which cells pile one on top of another and project from the tissue surface

polyp

growth extending from the surface of mucous membrane

HER2

growth factor gene highly activated in cells of certain types of breast cancer

ULCERATING

growth that has open, exposed surfaces resulting from death of overlying tissue

The combining form pil/o in the term piloniday cysttells, this type of cyst is filled with ____.

hair

The combining form trich/o means ______.

hair

The compressed, keratinized cells that arise from follicles are called:

hair

pil/o

hair

trich/o

hair

trich/o-

hair

Integumentary system contains....

hair, nails, glands (skin)

what are the accessory organs

hair, nails, sweat and sebaceous glands

pilonidal cyst

hair-containing cyst found in the sacral region of the back

Scirrh/o

hard

The suffix that means condition:

-ema

Which of the following is an endoscopic examination?

Bronchoscopy

Large vesicles are called

Bullae

biopsy

Bx

HIV binds to ___________ and infects and kills T cells bearing this protein

CD+4 cells

New opening from the large bowel to the surface of the body:

Colostomy

Staging

Evaluation of tumors based on the extent of spread.

Another term for jaundice:

Icterus

The loss of peristalsis that results in an obstruction of the intestines is:

Ileus

The ability of the body to resist foreign microorganisms, such as bacteria, parasites, and viruses, is known as

Immunity

The laboratory test used to detect and differentiate abnormal levels of specific antibodies is

Immunoelectrophoresis

IgM is the abbreviation for

Immunoglobulin M

IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM are collectively known as

Immunoglobulins

_____________ is a bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules, and crusted lesions.

Impetigo

M (metastases)

In cancer staging, representation of metastases found and an entry for location

N (nodes)

In cancer staging, representation of the regional lymph nodes involved

T (tumor)

In cancer staging, representation of the size and degree of local invasion of a primary tumor

Where are the sinuses located?

In the skull surrounding the nasal cavity

A choledochotomy is the:

Incision of a gallstone through the common bile duct

Lymphocytosis

Increase in numbers of lymphocytes in the bloodstream.

Opportunistic infections

Infectious diseases associated with AIDS; toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, herpes simplex, and Pneumocystosis carinii pneumonia (PCP).

Lymphadenitis

Inflammation of lymph nodes.

What respiratory disorders are highly contagious?

Influenza and URI

The collection of stationary lymph tissue in the groin region is comprised of

Inguinal

Mr. Schmitt's doctor discovered a small loop of bowel protruding through a weak muscle in his patient's lower abdomen. Mr. Schmitt was diagnosed with a(n):

Inguinal hernia

A collection of stationary lymph tissue in the groin region is known as the

Inguinal nodes

Mutations

Inheritable changes in genetic material (DNA) are called mutations. Mutations can be caused by chemicals, radiation, or viruses.

NEEDLE BIOPSY

Insertion of a needle into tissue to remove a core of cells to examine under a microscope; needle aspiration

In the process of breathing, during what stage does the movement of the diaphragm enlarge the thoracic cavity?

Inspiration

Examples of this type of disorder include follicular lymphoma and large cell lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin disease

Radionuclide scans

Noninvasive exam involving the use of a radiopharmaceutical and a detection device radioactive substances (radionuclides) are injected intravenously, and scans (images) of organs are obtained The noninvasive examination of various parts of the body, especially the heart, using a radiopharmaceutical such as thallium-201 and a detection device such as a gamma camera, rectilinear scanner, or positron camera.

Tamoxifen

Nonsteroidal antiestrogen used in the palliative treatment of advanced breast cancer It is prescribed to premenopausal and postmenopausal women whose tumors are estrogen dependent. It is also used to reduce the incidence of breast cancer in women with a high risk for it and for treating gynecomastia, precocious puberty, and other instances of estrogen excess.

mediastinoscopy

Objective: Describe important clinical procedures related to the respiratory system and recognize relevant abbreviations. Text page: 476 MTO: Section II, Lesson 2.11 The correct answer is: mediastinoscopy

Picture

Objective: Describe important clinical procedures related to the respiratory system and recognize relevant abbreviations. Text pages: 451, 458, 460, 462 MTO: Section II, Lessons 2.5, 3.4, 3.8, 4.5 The correct answer is: A → Percussion, B → Tuberculin skin test, C → Chest x-ray, D → Pulmonary function test (spirometer)

Brachytherapy

Planting a seed in tissue for irradiation

Inflammation of bone and bone marrow:

Osteomyelitis

Mary increased her susceptibility to malignant melanoma by:

Overexposing her skin to the sun

Which abnormality is characteristic of multiple myeloma

Overproduction of immunoglobulins

A spirometer is used for these respiratory tests:

PFT

John's doctor recommended that he try light therapy for his psoriasis. What is this treatment called?

PUVA

Specialist in gums:

Periodontist

Muscular wave-like movement to transport food through the digestive system:

Peristalsis

Natural immunity

Person's own genetic ability to fight off disease. It includes phagocytes and lymphocytes such as natural killer cells.

Toxic

Pertaining to a toxin, which is a poison or harmful substance.

Viral oncogenes

Pieces of DNA from viruses that infect a normal cell and cause it to become malignant.

Oncogenes

Pieces of DNA that can cause noraml cells to become maligant by mutation

Core needle biopsy

Placement of large-bore needle that extracts a thin coreo f tissue.

The liquid portion of blood is called

Plasma

The primary function of platelets is to

Promote blood clotting

Squamous cell carcinoma

Slow-growing malignant tumor of squamous epithelium

Carcinoma

Solid tumor derived from epithelial cells

Epidermoid

This means resembling squamous epithelial cells

An alveolus is an:

air sac

A person who is prone to allergies can be described as being

atopic

melan/o

black

anthrac/o

black (as coal)

carcinoma

cancerous tumor made up of cells of epithelial origin

cry/o-

cold

Structural protein found in skin and connective tissue

collagen

Grading

evaluation of the degree of maturity of tumor cells

The E in "ABCDE" stands for ___________.

evolution

enlarged lymph node and solid growths

examples of a nodule are ______ and _____

Hemochromatosis is characterized by

excess iron deposits throughout the body

Seborrhea is

excessive discharge of sebum

kerat/o

hard

scler/o-

hard

This is used to inspect the peritoneal cavity for tumors.

laparoscopy

bullae:

large blisters

Clusters of small oval-shaped tissue along the path of lymph vessels are

lymph nodes

lymphaden/o

lymph nodes

Kneecap:

patella

papule

small (less than 1 cm in diameter), solid elevation of the skin

pustule

small abscess

vesicle

small collection (papule) of clear fluid (serum); blister

"Alopecia" is

the absence or loss of hair from areas where it normally grows

thym/o

thymus

The combining form thym/o means:

thymus gland

The suffix hat means assemble, gather together....

-agon

Layers of skin: 1. 2. 3.

1. Epidermis 2. Dermis 3. Subcutaneous layer

5-FU

5-fluorouracil

A person with Type A blood will have type ____ red cell antigens

A

Which blood type contains only anti-B antibodies

A

corn

A ____ is a type of callus that develops a hard core (a whitish, cone-shaped central kernel)

Adenoma

A benign tumor of glandular epithelium The cells of these tumors are arranged in a recognizable glandular structure. The tumor may cause excess secretion by the affected gland.

A clinical procedure that aids in the diagnosis of blood disorders like anemia and leukemia

A bone marrow biopsy

Biologic response modifier

A cancer-treating substance that stimulates the body's immune system or other body defenses is called

A "fissure" is

A crack-like lesion of the skin

Debulking

A debulking procedure may be used if the tumor is attached to a vital organ and cannot be completely removed; instead, as much of the tumor as possible is removed and adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy is given.

Leukemia

A group of malignant neoplasms of hematopoietic tissues It is characterized by diffuse replacement of bone marrow or lymph nodes with proliferative white blood cell precursors. Leukemia may be chronic or acute, lymphoid, myeloid, or erythroid.

Mixed-tissue tumor

A growth composed of more than one kind of neoplastic tissue

A barium enema is used with

A lower gastrointestinal series

B cell

A lymphocyte that originates in bone marrow and transforms into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies.

Basal cell carcinoma

A malignant epithelial cell tumor It begins as a pearly-appearing papule and enlarges peripherally, developing a central crater that erodes, crusts, and bleeds. Metastasis is rare, but local invasion destroys underlying and adjacent tissue.

Chondrosarcoma

A malignant neoplasm of cartilaginous cells or their precursors It occurs most frequently in long bones, the pelvic girdle, and the scapula.

Wilms tumor

A malignant neoplasm of the kidney It occurs in young children before the fifth year in 75% of cases. Chemotherapy combined with surgery and irradiation is proving highly effective.

Osteosarcoma

A malignant tumor of the bone These tumors are composed of anaplastic cells derived from mesenchyme. This is the most common type of primary malignant bone tumor, occurring most often in the distal femur.

Glioblastoma multiforme

A malignant tumor of the cerebrum or spinal cord These tumors are invasive and grow rapidly.

Seminoma

A malignant tumor of the testis

Dysplastic

A mole, or nevus, that displays a highly abnormal but not clearly cancerous appearance. Moles, or nevi, are good examples of dysplastic cell growth. The cells are abnormal in size, shape, or organization, but they are not yet clearly cancerous.

Staging of tumors Stage

A period or distinct phase in the course of a disease In cancer it refers to the presence and amount of spread of the cancer by invasion or metastasis. system of evaluating the extent of spread of tumors; an example is the TNM (tumor-node-metastasis) system

Oncogene

A potentially cancer-inducing gene Under normal conditions, such genes play a role in the growth and proliferation of cells, but when altered in some way by a cancer-causing agent such as radiation, a carcinogenic chemical, or oncogenic virus, they may cause the cell to be transformed to a malignant state. region of DNA in tumor cells (cellular oncogene) or in viruses that cause cancer (viral oncogene); these are designated by a three-letter name such as abl, erb, jun, myc, ras, and src

STAGING LAPAROTOMY

A procedure in which a particular body region is surgically examined to assess the extent of disease with the purpose of determining the stage or extension of a cancer

Neuroblastoma

A sarcoma consisting of malignant neuroblasts A Neuroblastoma is a cancerous tumor derived from embryonic (immature) nerve tissue. It usually arises in the autonomic nervous system or in the adrenal medulla and affects mostly infants and children up to 10 years of age.

Excision of tissue for examination by using a cut parallel to the surface of the skin is:

A shave biopsy

TNM International Staging System

A system for staging malignant neoplastic disease The system uses the letter T to represent the tumor, N for the regional lymph node involvement, M for distant metastases, and numeric subscripts in each category to indicate the degree of dissemination.

Immunohistochemistry

A technique for detecting an antigen in tissue The test works by means of an antibody that is specific for the antigen and is coupled to a label that is visible under light microscopy. localization of antigens or proteins in tissues using labeled (colored or fluorescent) antibodies; this technique allows for evaluation of the presence and amount of specific molecules in normal and tumor cells

Astrocytoma

A tumor composed of astrocytes It is the most common type of primary brain tumor and is also found throughout the central nervous system.

Dendritic cell

A type of macrophage that captures antigens and presents them to T cells for destruction.

Lymphoma

A type of neoplasm of lymphoid tissue It originates in the reticuloendothelial and lymphatic systems.

Protocol

A written plan specifying the procedures to be followed Protocols are valuable in giving a particular examination, in the conduct of research, and in providing care for a particular condition.

Which blood type contains no antibodies?

AB

Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Evolution

ABCDE

Procedure where patient serves as his or her own stem cell donor

ABMT (autologous bone marrow transplantation

Which hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete hormones?

ACTH

A retroviral disease caused by infection with HIV, its manifestation is associated with suppression of the immune system and is called ________________, which is abbreviate

AIDS

The laboratory test that detects neutropenia

ANC (absolute neutrophil count

Dysplastic

Abnormal but not clearly cancerous

Lymphedema

Abnormal collection of fluid in tissue spaces caused by obstruction of lymph vessels and backflow of lymph.

Masses of lymph tissue in the nasopharynx are called

Adenoids

Nasopharyngeal lymph tissue is called the

Adenoids

Nasopharyngeal lymphatic tissue:

Adenoids

Antimitotics

Agents that inhibit cell division

White blood cells that do not contain granules in their cytoplasm are _______ cytes, or mononuclears

Agranulo

The blood levels of ALT, which is the abbreviation for ___________, and AST, which is the abbreviation for ___________, are elevated when liver cells are damaged

Alanine transaminase, Aspartate transaminase

Protein the maintains proper proportion and concentration of water in blood

Albumin

Chemotherapeutic agents

Alkylating agents, antimetabolites, antibiotics, hormones, and antimiotics all are types of Chemotherapeutic agents.

The medical term for hay fever is

Allergic rhinitis

_________ is the absence of hair from areas where it normally grows, especially from the scalp.

Alopecia

Adjuvant

An additional treatment or therapy

Virus

An infectious agent that reproduces by entering a host cell and using the host's genetic material to make copies of itself.

An abnormal tubelike passageway near the anus is a(n):

Anal fistula

Condition of stiffening and immobility of a joint:

Ankylosis

Lack of appetite:

Anorexia

RNA virus

Another term for a retrovirus is

Interferons

Anti-viral proteins secreted by lymphocytes.

Proteins that destroy antigens are

Antibodies

Immunoglobulins

Antibodies (proteins) secreted by B-cell lymphocytes (plasma cells).

Monoclonal antibody

Antibody produced in a laboratory to attack specific antigens.

Substances capable of inducing an immune response are

Antigens

Interferons

Any of a family of glycoproteins that exert virus-nonspecific but host-specific antiviral activity It induces the transcription of cellular genes coding for antiviral proteins that selectively inhibit the synthesis of viral RNA and proteins. Interferons also have immunoregulatory functions (inhibition of B-cell activation and antibody production enhancement of T-cell activity, and enhancement of NK-cell cytotoxic activity) and can inhibit the growth of nonviral intracellular parasites.

Malignant melanoma

Any of a group of malignant neoplasms that originate in the skin Composed of melanocytes, melanomas are most commonly located on the upper backs and lower legs of fair-skinned individuals and on the palms and soles in dark-skinned individuals.

Uppermost portion of the lung:

Apex

The separation of blood into its component parts by spinning a blood sample at high speeds in a centrifuge

Apheresis

Which kind of anemia is it when bone marrow fails to produce red blood cells?

Aplastic

Grade

Appearance of tumor cells under the microscope in terms of organization and differentiation

Marsha has developed a contact dermatitis on her face, neck, and arms. She has developed such reactions in the past but has been unable to identify the causative agent. She now goes to see the dermatologist for allergy testing. A patch test is done. A patch test is performed by

Application to the skin of test substances under gauze or filter paper

Surgical repair of a joint:

Arthroplasty

A type of pneumoconiosis:

Asbestosis

Bone Marrow

Aspiration and examination of bone marrow for cancer cells

Needle biopsy

Aspitation of a core of tissues for microscopic exam

Bronchial airway obstruction marked by paroxysmal dyspnea, wheezing, and cough:

Asthma

Which test measures the number of helper T cells in the bloodstream of patients with AIDS

CD4 lymphocyte count

Wasting away (no development) of muscle:

Atrophy

A condition in which a person's body makes an antibody that destroys platelets is

Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura

The collection of stationary lymph tissue in the armpits is comprised of

Axillary nodes

Lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow and secretes antibodies is a

B cell

Plasma cell

B cell lymphocyte that secretes antibodies.

Lymphocytes that transform into plasma cells and secrete antibodies are

B cells

The abbreviation of the medical term for the most commonly occurring malignant skin condition is:

BCC

What is the medical term for an epithelial tumor arising from the epidermis that seldom metastasizes and is common in individuals who have had excessive sun exposure?

Basal cell carcinoma

White blood cell containing heparin and histamine

Basophil

Encapsulated

Benign tumors are often __________, meaning they are contained within a fibrous capsule or cover.

Encapsulated

Benign tumors are often encapsulated, meaning they are contained within a fibrous capsule or cover that keeps the tumor cells from invading surrounding tissue.

This detects human chorionic gonadotropin in serum of patients with testicular cancer.

Beta-hCG test

Pertaining to bile or the bile ducts and gallbladder is

Biliary

Cholangiography is the radiographic examination of the

Biliary system

Formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin

Bilirubin

Heme is broken down apart into iron and the pigment

Bilirubin

Incisional biopsy

Biopsy of a selected portion of a lesion If possible, the biopsy inclues adjacent normal-appearing tissue.

Excisional biopsy

Biopsy of an entire lesion Excisional biopsies also remove a significant margin of contiguous normal-appearing tissue.

Immunosuppression

Blocking or turning off the normal immune response.

A stool guaiac test is a screening tool that chemically reacts to ________ in the feces

Blood

FBS abbreviates the medical term for a

Blood test to determine the amount of glucose in the blood

A child with type 1 diabetes must carefully calculate the number of carbohydrates he has for breakfast so that he can inject, or _____, the correct amount of insulin to handle that amount of carbohydrates

Bolus

Both B cells and T cells originate from stem cells in the

Bone Marrow

Estrogen receptors

Breast Cancer has this. These tumor repond to the removal of estrogen by oophorectomy.**

Tubes that bifurcate from the windpipe:

Bronchi

Spongy, porous bone tissue:

Cancellous bone

Histogenesis

Cancer cells divided into broad groups based on the particular type of tissue from which the tumor cell arises

Adenocorcinoma

Cancer tumor arrising from glandular cells

Lymph vessels

Carry lymph throughout the body.

the suffix in the term electrophoresis means

Carrying

Cauterization

Cauterization is the process of burning tissue to destroy it.

Pertaining to the abdomen:

Celiac

-plasm

Cell or tissue substance OR -plasia Example: cytoplasm, all of the substance of a cell other than the nucleus and the cell wall.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disrupts

Cell-mediated immunity (T cell lymphocytes)

The collection of stationary lymph tissue in the neck region is known as the

Cervical nodes

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is the use of drugs or chemicals (chem/o) to damage the DNA of cancer cells and is the standard treatment for a number of types of cancer. Treatment of disease with chemical agents treatment with drugs the treatment of cancer, infectious diseases, and other diseases with chemical agents.

A diagnostic radiologic imaging study of the bile and pancreatic ducts in which contrast medium is injected via a catheter tube through the mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and then into the bile ducts is called endoscopic retrograde ______________

Cholangiopancreatography

Mrs. Brainard is scheduled to have her gallbladder removed. This therapeutic surgical procedure is called a:

Cholecystectomy

The medical term for the surgical removal of the gallbladder is

Cholecystectomy

The medical term for an incision into the common bile duct is:

Choledochotomy

Mr. Harris, who does not drink alcohol, is stunned to hear that he has cirrhosis. The physician explains that cirrhosis is a(n):

Chronic degeneration of liver tissue that is replaced with scar tissue

Autoimmune disease

Chronic disabling disease caused by the abnormal production of antibodies to normal body tissues; multiple sclerosis, lupus erythematosus are examples.

CLL is the abbreviation for

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Serum is plasma minus the

Clotting proteins and cells

The visual examination of the entire large intestine is called a:

Colonoscopy

The visual examination of the mucosal lining of the length of the large intestine is a

Colonoscopy

Special proteins called ______, abbreviated_______, trigger the production, maturation, and activation of granulocytes

Colony-stimulating factors, CSFs

The C in "ABCDE" stands for:

Color

When used with a combining form for an organ, the suffix -stomy means an opening to the outside of the body. What is the medical term for an opening from the colon to the outside of the body?

Colostomy

Cysto

Combining form for sac or fluid

Folliculo

Combining form for small glandular sacs

The sebum plug (blackhead) characteristic of acne is called a

Comedo

A splintered or crushed bone:

Comminuted fracture

Carries bile into the duodenum:

Common bile duct

Proteins in the blood that help antibodies and T cells kill their targets are called the

Complement system

Blood screening that includes an RBC count, a WBC count with differential, a platelet count, hemoglobin and hemocrit, and red blood cell indices is called a(n) _____, which is abbreviated _____.

Complete blood count, CBC

Steroids

Complex, naturally occurring chemicals derived from cholesterol. Some are used in cancer chemotherapy.

What radiographic imaging procedure produces cross-sectional images of internal organs like the liver

Computed tomography

Diagnosis of adenomas, gigantism, and acromegaly can be aided by ____________ (CT) scanning and ____________ (MRI) to evaluate the tumor

Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging

Knuckle-like process at the end of a bone:

Condyle

nodular

Containing or resembling a small aggregation (cluster) of cells.

This device senses and records blood glucose levels continuously

Continuous glucose monitoring system

Occipital, sphenoid, frontal, temporal, and ethmoid are bones of the:

Cranium

An enteroenterostomy is the:

Creation of an artificial opening or connection between two segments of the intestine

An ileostomy is the:

Creation of an opening from the ileum to the surface of the abdomen

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract is:

Crohn disease

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract:

Crohn disease

Application of intensely cold liquid nitrogen to destroy tissue is called:

Cryosurgery

A group of symptoms produced by excess of cortisol from the adrenal cortex:

Cushing syndrome

Cystic tumors

Cystic tumors have large open spaces filled with fluid, either a sticky, thick fluid (mucinous) or a thin, watery fluid (serous). The most common site of cystic tumors is the ovaries.

Interferon and interleukins are examples of

Cytokines

______________ are chemical messengers secreted by T cells that aid cells to kill antigens

Cytokines

T cells that directly kill foreign cells are

Cytotoxic T cells

_____ is the removal of solid waste through the anus.

Defecation

Stereotactic radiosurgery

Delivery of dose of radiation under stereotactic (highly precise) guidance (gamma knife surgery)

Antigen-resenting cells that they show T and B cells what to attack are

Dendritic cells

Scirrhous

Densely packed or overgornw tissue

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Depression or suppression of the immune system after exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurologic problems.

dermatology

Derm

______________ is a surgical procedure for removing scars associated with acne

Dermabrasion

_____logy is the study of the skin and skin diseases.

Dermato

Fulguration

Destruction of tissue by electric sparks generated by a high-freguency current.

The ELISA laboratory test is used to

Detect the presence of HIV antibodies

Thyroid __________ is the best method to evaluate thyroid structures and abnormalities

Diagnostic sonography

The shaft of a long bone is called a/an:

Diaphysis

Abnormal discharge of watery fecal matter is called:

Diarrhea

DES

Diethylstibestrol, a carcingoic drug

Lymphadenopathy

Disease of lymph nodes.

Paronychia is

Diseased state around the nail

Abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall are called:

Diverticula

Abnormal side pockets in a hollow organ, such as the intestine:

Diverticula

Reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Drug used to treat AIDS by blocking an enzyme (reverse transcriptor), needed to make copies of HIV.

Protease inhibitor (PI)

Drug used to treat AIDS by blocking production of protease, an enzyme that helps HIV to reproduce.

Radiosensitizers

Drugs given to make tumors more sensitive to receive radiation.*

Radiosensitizers

Drugs that enhance the killing effect of radiation on cells drugs that increase the sensitivity of tumors to x-rays

Difficulty in swallowing:

Dysphagia

After a recent river-raft outing, Mary experienced severe itching on her back and noticed redness and swelling around a lesion in the area. Her back was also sunburned. At first Mary thought the lesion was a bug bite and treated it with topical application of calamine and aloe lotion for the burn. When the itching and redness of the lesion did not subside, she went to see her physician. On examination, the physician noticed a raised reddish lesion with irregular borders and found other moles on Mary's legs, arms, and back. He referred Mary to a dermatologist who performed a biopsy that confirmed suspicion of a malignant melanoma. In Mary's case, as in many cases, melanomas often arise in

Dysplastic nevi on the back, lower leg, or neck

The abbreviation for erythropoietin is

EPO

If your epiglottis were to suddenly stop working, what activity could be life threatening?

Eating

Mr. Arnot is a heavy smoker with a chronic cough, bluish tint to his skin, and a barrel chest. He most likely suffers from:

Emphysema

The outermost protective layer of the crown of the tooth is called:

Enamel

Tele-

End, at a distance, far Example: telemetry, the electronic transmission of data between distant points, such as the transmission of cardiac monitoring data.

The use of an endoscope combined with ultrasound to examine the lining of the gastrointestinal tract is called

Endoscopic ultrasonography

Tube is placed through the mouth to the trachea to establish an airway:

Endotracheal intubation

Barbara has asthma and uses an inhaler when she starts to wheeze. The purpose of the device is to:

Enlarge the bronchioles

Splenomegaly

Enlargement of the spleen.

A chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances is a(n):

Enzyme

What does ELISA stand for

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

WBCs with dense reddish granules that increase in allergic reactions

Eosinophils

Lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing:

Epiglottis

Nose bleed:

Epistaxis

Condition of redness; flushed

Erythema

Red blood cells are also called

Erythrocytes

The hormone secreted by the kidneys to stimulate bone marrow to make RBCs

Erythropoietin

Varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus are called:

Esophageal varices

Mrs. Meyer has been diagnosed with oral leukoplakia caused by chronic smoking. Her chronic smoking is described as an:

Etiologic factor

What is the primary function of mucus and cilia in the nostrils?

Filtration

A cracklike sore is termed a(n):

Fissure

Your lungs are divided into lobes. How many lobes do you have?

Five

Lymph

Fluid that circulates within lymph vessels and lymph nodes.

Interstitial fluid

Fluid that fills the spaces in between cells.

Opening or passage in bones where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave:

Foramen

Acquired immunity

Formation of antibodies and lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen.

Lymphopoiesis

Formation of lymphocytes.

Cryosurgery

Freezing of tissue

Apo-

From, off, away Example: apocrine gland, a gland whose secretion contains part of the secreting cell.

Fungating tumors

Fungating tumors exhibit a mushrooming pattern of growth where the tumor cells pile on top of each other. Fung/i = fungus, mushroom.

This test measures the body's ability to respond to glucose load

GTT

Reducing the size of the stomach and diverting food to the jejunum describes a procedure called

Gastric bypass

A malignant tumor of the stomach is called:

Gastric carcinoma

When solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach, the condition is known as:

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

The surgical creation of a new opening between the stomach and the second part of the small intestines is termed

Gastrojejunostomy

Surgical removal of part of the gums is called ______

Gingivectomy

fractionation

Giving radiation in small, repeated doses

Portion of plasma that contains antibodies to protect the body against antigens

Globulin

_________ is a plasma protein that serves as a defense mechanism of the immune system

Globulin

A(n) ____________ is used in blood glucose monitoring

Glucometer

Medical term for simple blood sugar is:

Glucose

The breakdown of glycogen into glucose is called:

Glycogenolysis

To measure long-term blood glucose control, a(n) ___________ test is done

Glycosylated hemoglobin

Inflammation of joints caused by excessive uric acid accumulation:

Gouty arthritis

An abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood is called

Granuloctytosis

Exophthalmos is a symptom of which endocrine disease?

Graves disease

Pedunculated

Gross examination of the benign polyp in Mr. Devine's colon revealed it extended from a stem; the term for this description is

Molecularly targeted drugs

Group of antineoplastic drugs that target cancer cell-specific pathways on the molecular level It interferes with processes such as growth regulation, cell cycle control, and apoptosis.

Colony-stimulating factors

Group of glycoprotein lymphokine growth factors It is produced by blood monocytes, tissue macrophages, and stimulated lymphocytes. They are required for differentiation of stem cells into granulocyte and monocyte cell colonies. They have been used experimentally as anticancer agents and for the restoration of hematopoietic function after myelosuppression in transplantation and cancer chemotherapy.

Interleukins

Group of multifunctional cytokines that are produced by a variety of lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells They exert effects at least partly within the lymphopoietic system; originally believed to be produced chiefly by and to act chiefly upon leukocytes. Most interleukins direct other cells to divide and differentiate. Each acts on a specific group of cells that have receptors specific to that interleukin.

A stool ______ is a colon cancer screening test that detects occult blood in the stool

Guaiac

Gingiv/o means:

Gums

A sac or tube within which each hair grows is a:

Hair follicle

The abbreviation of the test that measures the average blood sugar concentration over a period of time is

HbA1c

Abbreviation fir hematocrit

Hct

CD4+ cells

Helper T cells that carry the CD4+ protein antigen on their surface.

T cells that aid B cells in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production are

Helper cells

Spending short periods of time in the morning sun can be beneficial. How?

Helps in the production of Vitamin D.

The percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood is the

Hematocrit

The blood protein in RBCs that enables the RBCs to carry oxygen is called

Hemoglobin

_______is excessive bleeding caused by a congenital lack of one of the protein factors necessary for blood clotting

Hemophillia

Spitting up blood from the lungs:

Hemoptysis

Which of the following is an anticoagulant substance produced by basophils and tissue cells to prevents formation of thrombi and emboli?

Heparin

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus is termed:

Hepatitis

_____ stomatitis is inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus.

Herpetic

Hypercapnia

High carbon dioxide levels in the blood

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Highly malignant tumor derived from primitive striated muscle cells It occurs most frequently in the head and neck and is also found in the genitourinary tract, extremities, body wall, and retroperitoneum

The function of the dermis is to:

House and support a system of nerves, vessels, and glands

Pertaining to the upper arm bone:

Humeral

High blood levels of a pigment released by the liver with bile:

Hyperbilirubinemia

Medical term for a condition of decreased oxygen in the blood:

Hypoxemia

A group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension is:

IBS

What is the correct abbreviation of intradermal?

ID

T cell

Lymphocyte originating in the thymus gland and destroys antigens by direct action or production of cytokines such as interferons and interleukins.

Helper T cell

Lymphocyte that aids a B cell lymphocyte in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production.

Suppressor T cell

Lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T cell lymphocytes.

Natural killer cell

Lymphocyte that recognizes and destroys foreign cells by releasing proteins called cytokines.

Agranulocytes that produce antibodies that play a major role in immunity are

Lymphocytes

An abnormal increase in lymphocytes is called?

Lymphocytosis

Thymus gland

Lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that produces T cell lymphocytes and aids in the immune response.

The lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland are collectively known as the

Lymphoid organs

Ms. M is being treated for a skin infection. You know she has one of the following but you don't remember which. Knowing that she has an infectious disorder, which of the following is Ms. M's disorder?

MRSA

CSF

MY EDITION SAYS: Cerebrospinal fluid ?? colony-stimulating factor

A ___________ is a large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body

Macrophage

Phagocytes that clear away dead cells and debris as an infection subsides are called

Macrophages

A freckle is an example of a(n):

Macule

___________ uses magnetic waves to produce images of organs and tissues in all three planes of the body

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Multiple myeloma

Malignant tumor of bone marrow cells (plasma cells that produce immunoglobulins).

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Malignant tumor of cells (lymphocytes and large macrophages called histocytes) found in lymph nodes and spleen

Lymphoma

Malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymphatic tissue.

Hodgkin disease

Malignant tumor of lymphatic tissue in the spleen and lymph nodes.

Kaposi sarcoma

Malignant tumor of skin and connective tissue; associated with AIDS.

Thymoma

Malignant tumor of the thymus gland.

A ________ can confirm exposure to tuberculosis.

Mantoux skin test

purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test

Mantoux skin test, can indicate exposure to tuberculosis, though not necessarily an active presence of disease.

Lymph node

Mass of stationary lymphatic tissue along the path of lymph vessels.

Adenoids

Masses of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx.

Tonsils

Masses of lymphatic tissue on either side of the back of the mouth.

Projection of the temporal bone:

Mastoid process

Viral load test

Measures the amount of HIV in the blood stream.

Space between the lungs in the chest:

Mediastinum

Medullary

Medullary means pertaining to large, soft, fleshy tumors. Thyroid and breast tumors may be Medullary, meaning they are large, soft, and fleshy.

Hair turns gray when the body stops producing:

Melanin

Membrane that connects parts of small intestine:

Mesentery

surgical procedure to treat cancer

Methods of removing cancer: cryosurgery, cauterization, en bloc resection, excisional biopsy, exenteration, fulguration, incisional biopsy

A stool culture is a test for

Microorganisms in feces

Mr. Harper was diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma. The lesion was treated by excising layers of growth and examining each layer microscopically. This technique is called:

Mohs surgery

Ms. Watkins was diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma. The lesion was treated by excising layers of growth and examining each layer microscopically. This technique is called __________

Mohs surgery

MOAB is the abbreviation for

Monoclonal antibody

______ are agranulocytes

Monocytes

Epstein-Barr is the virus that causes

Mononucleosis

The presence of antibodies to EBV indicates

Mononucleosis

Stomat/o means:

Mouth

Radiocurable

Mr. Jeeters, 38, had stage I Hodgkin disease. Treatment with extensive external radiation eradicated the disease; therefore, this type of tumor is called.

The abbreviation for non-small cell lung cancer is:

NSCLC

Genetic ability to fight off disease is

Natural immunity

Lymphocytes that recognize and destroy foreign cells without prior sensitization are

Natural killer cells

another set of lymphocytes that attack tumor cells and viruses by releasing cytokines

Natural killer cells (NK) cells

______ are phagocytic granulocytes

Neutophils

A ______phil is a white blood cell that does not stain intensely with either alkaline or acidic dye

Neutorphil

Tumor (neoplasms)

New growth of tissue characterized by progressive, uncontrolled proliferation of cells Tumors may be localized or invasive, benign or malignant.

Picture

Objective: Describe important clinical procedures related to the respiratory system and recognize relevant abbreviations. Text pages: 460-462 MTO: Section II, Lessons 1.5, 2.11, 3.12 The correct answer is: A → Tracheostomy, B → Thoracotomy, C → Endotracheal intubation

pertussis

Objective: Identify pathologic conditions that affect the respiratory system. Text page: 479 MTO: Section II, Lesson 1.2 The correct answer is: pertussis

Picture

Objective: Identify pathologic conditions that affect the respiratory system. Text pages: 451-453, 456 MTO: Section II, Lessons 1.1, 2.13, 3.10, 4.2, 4.11 The correct answer is: A → Croup, B → Pulmonary fibrosis, C → Emphysema, D → Atelectasis, E → Bronchiectasis

palatine tonsils

Objective: Name the organs of the respiratory system and describe their locations and functions. Text page: 477 MTO: Section I, Lesson 1.3 The correct answer is: palatine tonsils

stridor

Objective: Recognize medical terms that pertain to respiration. Text page: 479 MTO: Section II, Lesson 1.1 The correct answer is: stridor

rale

Objective: Recognize medical terms that pertain to respiration. Text page: 479 MTO: Section II, Lesson 2.2 The correct answer is: rale

Mutations

Once environmentally caused changes in DNA are established in a cell, they are passed on to daughter cells. These inheritable changes, or ________, can lead to malignant growth.

TNM

One of the most common staging systems is referred to as TNM, Tumor, Nodes, Metastasis. A tumor with a label of T1N2M0 would be described as follows: The T refers to the size and extent of the tumor itself; thus, a T1 suggests a small tumor. The letter N refers to the number of regional lymph nodes involved. Finally, the letter M refers to the spread to distant sites—in other words, the number of metastases, which in this case is zero.

Tumor, nodes, metastases

One of the most common staging systems is referred to as TNM, which stands for

Separation of the nail plate from the nail bed in fungal infections is called:

Onycholysis

White plaques on the mucosa of the mouth:

Oral leukoplakia

Spleen

Organ adjacent to the stomach (in the LUQ) that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells.

Lymphoid organs

Organs containing and derived from lymphatic tissue; spleen, thymus gland and lymph nodes.

Osteosarcoma

Osteo________ is a malignant tumor of bone

Chronic inflammation of bones and joints due to degenerative changes in cartilage:

Osteoarthritis

Poor formation of bone:

Osteodystrophy

Vitamin D deficiency leads to softening of bone, which is known as:

Osteomalacia

The combining form tox/o means

Poison

Toxins

Poison or harmful substance.

Benign growths that protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon are:

Polyps

A small opening on the surface of the skin is a

Pore

When Edmund is diagnosed with oral leukoplakia, his physician explains that this is a(n):

Precancerous condition characterized by white plaques on the oral mucosa

APO

Prefix meaning off or away

Simulation

Process used to plan radiation therapy so the target area is precisely located and marked. It is used in cancer treatments. study using CT or MRI to map the area to receive treatment before radiotherapy is given

apoptosis

Programmed cell death; normal cells undergo this when damaged or aging but cancer cells lose this ability and thus live forever.

Apoptosis

Programmed cell death; normal cells undergo this when they are damaged or aging Generally refers to "programmed" cell death This is necrosis of keratinocytes in which the nuclei of the necrotic cells dissolve and the cytoplasm shrinks, rounds up, and is subsequently phagocytized.

PSA

Prostate specfic antigen

Acid phosphatase

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and Acid phosphatase are protein marker for prostate cancer.

Acid phosphatase

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and __________ are protein marker tests for prostate cancer.

The enzyme that digests protein is:

Protease

Acid phosphatase test

Protein marker tests measure the level of proteins in the blood or on the surface of tumor cells. The prostate-specific antigen and the acid phosphatase test are protein marker tests for prostate cancer.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

Protein marker tests measure the level of proteins in the blood or on the surface of tumor cells. The prostate-specific antigen and the acid phosphatase test are protein marker tests for prostate cancer.

Antibody

Protein produced in the bloodstream by lymphocytes in response to a specific antigen, such as a bacterium or toxin. Antibodies destroy or weaken antigens.

Cytokine

Protein that aids cells to destroy antigens. Examples are interleukins and interferons.

Interleukins

Proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the immune system including B & T cell lymphocytes.

The plasma protein converted to thrombin in the clotting process

Prothrombin

__________, which is abbreviated _____, tests the ability of blood to clot by measuring the time elapsed between adding calcium to the sample and the appearance of a clot; it is used to follow patients on anticoagulants

Prothrombin time, PT

Part of the tooth that contains a rich supply of nerves and blood vessels:

Pulp

_____ is the soft, delicate tissue filling the center of the tooth.

Pulp

Rotation of a surgical instrument to remove a core of tissue for examination is called:

Punch biopsy

_________ refers to ecchymoses and petechiae over any part of the body

Purpura

A purulent abscess is a(n)

Pustule

Another term for a retrovirus is:

RNA virus

External beam irradiation

Radiation applied to a tumor from a distant source using a linear accelerator radiation is applied to a tumor from a source outside the body Radiation therapy applied to a tumor from a distant (tele-) source, namely a linear accelerator, is called external beam radiation. External beam therapy delivers a beam of high-energy x-rays to a patient's tumor. The beam is generated outside (external) the patient and is targeted at the tumor site. The beam can be tightly focused so as to not destroy surrounding healthy tissue.

The name of the procedure that measures thyroid function is

Radioactive iodine uptake

Proton therapy

Radiotherapy involving the use of a beam of protons It penetrates tissues with minimal energy deposition before the beam reaches a certain depth, thus localizing the dose to the target area and minimizing irradiation of surrounding tissues. subatomic positively charged particles (protons) produced by a cyclotron deposit a dose of radiation at a tightly focused point in the body

The physician orders a ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan, which reveals abnormalities consistent with a pulmonary embolism. You know a pulmonary embolism means:

Rationale: A pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a clot (thrombus) or other material lodges in vessels of the lung (pulmonary means pertaining to the lungs). An embolus is a foreign object, air, gas, a piece of tissue or tumor, or a piece of thrombus that circulates in the bloodstream until it becomes lodged in a vessel. Objective: Identify pathologic conditions that affect the respiratory system. Text page: 456 MTO: Section II, Lessons 4.16-4.17 The correct answer is: a clot forms in distant veins and travels to the lungs

The combining form alveol/o means:

Rationale: Alveol/o means air sac. Alveoli are collections of air sacs that perform the function of gas exchange in the lungs. Objective: Name the organs of the respiratory system and describe their locations and functions. Text pages: 442, 444, 446 MTO: Section I, Lessons 2.4-2.5 The correct answer is: air sac

_____ is an abnormal bluish color to the skin due to deficient blood supply.

Rationale: Cyan/o means blue. Cyanosis is a blue tint to the skin caused by lack of oxygen in the blood. Cyanosis is a common symptom of a coronary embolism. Objective: Identify pathologic conditions that affect the respiratory system. Text pages: 446, 457 MTO: Section II, Lesson 4.16 The correct answer is: Cyanosis

DOE is the abbreviation for:

Rationale: DOE stands for dyspnea on exertion and means difficulty breathing (dys- = difficult + -pnea = breathing) when the body exerts itself. DOE is an early symptom of emphysema. Objective: Recognize medical terms that pertain to respiration. Text page: 463 MTO: Section II, Lesson 4.4 The correct answer is: dyspnea on exertion

DPT is the abbreviation for:

Rationale: DPT is the abbreviation for the diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus toxoids vaccine. Diphtheria and pertussis are bacterial infections of the upper respiratory tract. Tetanus is a bacterial infection that affects the central nervous system. Children are usually immunized against diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus with one DPT injection. Objective: Describe important clinical procedures related to the respiratory system and recognize relevant abbreviations. Text page: 463 MTO: Section II, Lesson 1.2 The correct answer is: diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus (injection)

Mrs. Luce begins ambulating with assistance on her first postoperative day. On the fourth postoperative day, she experiences an acute onset of dyspnea, tachypnea, persistent cough with hemoptysis, and pleuritic pain. Mrs. Luce's symptoms include:

Rationale: Dyspnea is difficult breathing [dys- (difficult) + -pnea (breathing)]. Tachypnea is rapid and shallow breathing [tachy- (rapid) + -pnea (breathing)]. Hemoptysis is spitting up of blood [hemo- (blood) + -ptysis (spitting)]. Pleuritic pain is pain in the pleura. Objective: Recognize medical terms that pertain to respiration. Text page: 450 MTO: Section II, Lesson 2.2; Section IV, Case Study 1 The correct answer is: rapid and shallow breathing, difficult breathing

Mrs. Farrell comes to the emergency department exhibiting the following symptoms: paroxysmal dyspnea, wheezing, and coughing. Dyspnea means that Mrs. Farrell is experiencing:

Rationale: Dyspnea literally means difficult (dys-) breathing (-pnea). It is associated with shortness of breath. Objective: Recognize medical terms that pertain to respiration. Text page: 450 MTO: Section II, Lesson 2.2 The correct answer is: shortness of breath

The combining form epiglott/o means:

Rationale: Epiglott/o means epiglottis. (Watch the spelling!) The epiglottis is a leaf-shaped flap of cartilage that covers the larynx. Its function is to prevent food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing. Objective: Name the organs of the respiratory system and describe their locations and functions. Text pages: 442, 445-446 MTO: Section I, Lesson 1.11 The correct answer is: epiglottis

The exchange of air between the outside environment and the capillaries of the lungs is called:

Rationale: External respiration is correct. Internal respiration describes the exchange of gases in the body at the cellular level. Oxygen passes out of the bloodstream into tissue cells, and at the same time, carbon dioxide passes from tissue cells into the bloodstream. From there it goes to the lungs to be exhaled. Ventilation is the process of breathing in and breathing out. Objective: Recognize medical terms that pertain to respiration. Text page: 440 MTO: Section I, Lesson 3.8 The correct answer is: external respiration

Midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs

Rationale: Hilum is correct. The mediastinum is the region between (in the middle of) the lungs in the chest cavity. Objective: Name the organs of the respiratory system and describe their locations and functions. Text pages: 443, 445 MTO: Section I, Lesson 2.10 The correct answer is: Midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs → hilum

The combining form laryng/o means:

Rationale: Laryng/o means larynx, the medical term for voice box. Objective: Name the organs of the respiratory system and describe their locations and functions. Text pages: 440, 445-446 MTO: Section I, Lessons 1.3, 1.7, 1.9, 1.11 The correct answer is: voice box

The central portion or area of the chest that separates the lungs is called the:

Rationale: Mediastinum is correct. Pulmonary parenchyma are the functional parts of the lungs related to respiration, which include bronchioles and alveoli. The hilum is the region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs. A mesothelioma is a rare tumor derived from the mesothelial tissue that covers the surface of the pleural membrane. Objective: Name the organs of the respiratory system and describe their locations and functions. Text pages: 442, 445, 447 MTO: Section I, Lesson 2.2 The correct answer is: mediastinum

OSA is the abbreviation for:

Rationale: OSA stands for obstructive sleep apnea, a sudden cessation of breathing during sleep caused by a narrowing or blocking of the upper airway. Objective: Identify pathologic conditions that affect the respiratory system. Text page: 463 MTO: Section II, Lesson 1.4 The correct answer is: obstructive sleep apnea

You know that the patient Mrs. Farrell's paroxysmal dyspneic episode is:

Rationale: Paroxysmal means sudden. Objective: Recognize medical terms that pertain to respiration. Text page: 452 MTO: Section II, Lesson 1.2 The correct answer is: sudden in onset

The combining form pleur/o means:

Rationale: Pleur/o means pleura. The pleura are the double-folded membranes that surround each lung. Diaphragm/o or phren/o mean diaphragm. Halit/o means breath. (Halitosis means bad breath.) Many can mean plural, but this is not a medical term. Objective: Name the organs of the respiratory system and describe their locations and functions. Text pages: 442, 445, 448 MTO: Section I, Lesson 2.8; Section II, Lessons 5.1-5.2 The correct answer is: pleura

Inner fold of pleura lying closest to the lung tissue

Rationale: Pleura is the double-folded membrane that surrounds each lung. The inner fold that lies closer to the lung tissue is the visceral pleura. (Viscera refers to the internal organs enclosed within a body cavity—here the thoracic cavity.) The outer fold that lies closer to the ribs and chest wall is called the parietal pleura. (Parietal means pertaining to the outer wall of a cavity or organ.) Objective: Name the organs of the respiratory system and describe their locations and functions. Text pages: 442, 445 MTO: Section I, Lesson 2.8 The correct answer is: Inner fold of pleura lying closest to the lung tissue → visceral pleura

Excessive fluid accumulation in the pleural space due to infection, malignancy, or trauma is called:

Rationale: Pleural effusion is correct. Effusion refers to the escape of fluid that seeps into a body cavity. Pneumothorax is a collection of air (not fluid) in the pleural space. Pleurisy (pleuritis) is inflammation of the pleura. Pneumonia is an acute infection and inflammation of the alveoli, which fill with pus or other waste products. Objective: Identify pathologic conditions that affect the respiratory system. Text page: 457 MTO: Section II, Lesson 5.3 The correct answer is: pleural effusion

Space between the folds of the pleura

Rationale: Pleural means of the pleura and a cavity is a space: Pleural cavity is correct. Objective: Name the organs of the respiratory system and describe their locations and functions. Text page: 445 MTO: Section II, Lessons 5.3-5.4 The correct answer is: Space between the folds of the pleura → pleural cavity

X-ray of arteries and veins in the lung after injection of dye into a blood vessel

Rationale: Pulmonary angiography is the definitive diagnostic procedure for pulmonary embolism. The pulmonary angiogram (PA) is the x-ray image. Objective: Describe important clinical procedures related to the respiratory system and recognize relevant abbreviations. Text page: 459 MTO: Section II, Lesson 4.17 The correct answer is: X-ray of arteries and veins in the lung after injection of dye into a blood vessel → pulmonary angiogram

Test used to measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs

Rationale: Pulmonary function test (PFT) is correct. PFTs measure the ventilation mechanics of the lung (airway function, lung volume, and capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently). These help to diagnose the disease and to determine the extent of airway obstruction. Objective: Describe important clinical procedures related to the respiratory system and recognize relevant abbreviations. Text pages: 460, 463 MTO: Section II, Lesson 4.5; Section IV, Medical Report The correct answer is: Test used to measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs → pulmonary function tests

The combining form sinus/o means:

Rationale: Sinus/o means sinus or cavity. You recognize the medical terms sinusitis and paranasal sinuses. The paranasal sinuses are the air-containing cavities around (peri-) the nose (nas/o). Sinusitis is the inflammation of one or more paranasal sinuses. Objective: Name the organs of the respiratory system and describe their locations and functions. Text page: 449 MTO: Section I, Lesson 1.5 The correct answer is: cavity

The combining form trache/o means:

Rationale: Trache/o means trachea, the medical term for windpipe. The incision made to create an opening in the throat is called a tracheotomy. Objective: Name the organs of the respiratory system and describe their locations and functions. Text pages: 442, 445, 449 MTO: Section I, Lessons 1.3, 2.1-2.3, 3.3 The correct answer is: windpipe

What is the abbreviation for the procedure that uses a thorascope equipped with a camera to magnify the area under observation and projects it onto a video monitor?

Rationale: The correct answer is VATS—video-assisted thorascopy. CPAP stands for continuous positive airway pressure. TLC stands for total lung capacity. A V/Q scan is a radioactive test of lung ventilation and blood perfusion throughout the lung capillaries. Objective: Describe important clinical procedures related to the respiratory system and recognize relevant abbreviations. Text pages: 461, 464 MTO: Section II, Lesson 2.11 The correct answer is: VATS

Mrs. Farrell's symptoms—paroxysmal dyspnea, wheezing, coughing—are indicators of:

Rationale: The correct answer is asthma. Wheezing, coughing, and paroxysmal dyspnea are the classic symptoms of asthma. Asthma is a chronic disorder with airway obstruction caused by swelling and constriction of the bronchi and increased mucous production. Objective: Identify pathologic conditions that affect the respiratory system. Text page: 452 MTO: Section II, Lesson 2.2 The correct answer is: asthma

Muscle separating the chest and abdomen

Rationale: The diaphragm separates the chest and abdomen. It contracts and relaxes to make breathing possible. Objective: Name the organs of the respiratory system and describe their locations and functions. Text pages: 443, 445 MTO: Section I, Lesson 2.8 The correct answer is: Muscle separating the chest and abdomen → diaphragm

Lid-like piece of cartilage covering the larynx

Rationale: The epiglottis is a leaf-shaped flap of cartilage that protects the glottis and prevents the aspiration of food into the airway by covering the entrance to the larynx during swallowing. Glottis is the medical term for the opening between the vocal cords. Objective: Name the organs of the respiratory system and describe their locations and functions. Text pages: 442, 445 MTO: Section I, Lesson 1.11 The correct answer is: Lid-like piece of cartilage covering the larynx → epiglottis

The function of the thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple) is to:

Rationale: The larynx is surrounded by pieces of cartilage for support. The thyroid cartilage is the largest and is commonly known as the Adam's apple. Objective: Name the organs of the respiratory system and describe their locations and functions. Text page: 440 MTO: Section I, Lesson 1.9 The correct answer is: provide support for the larynx

Pharyngeal tonsils

Rationale: The pharyngeal tonsils are the adenoids. They are contained in the nasopharynx. The palatine tonsils are contained in the oropharynx, which is closer to the mouth. Palatine refers to the roof of the mouth, or the palate. Objective: Name the organs of the respiratory system and describe their locations and functions. Text pages: 440, 444 MTO: Section II, Lessons 1.3, 1.7 The correct answer is: Pharyngeal tonsils → adenoids

The laryngopharynx is a subdivision of the:

Rationale: The pharynx, or throat, has three parts: the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, and the laryngopharynx. The larynx is the voice box. The glottis is the opening to the larynx. The trachea is the windpipe. Objective: Name the organs of the respiratory system and describe their locations and functions. Text page: 440 MTO: Section I, Lesson 1.7 The correct answer is: pharynx

With which disorder do the alveolar walls lose their elasticity, become over-inflated, and eventually rupture?

Rationale: The question describes emphysema. With tuberculosis, the bacilli invade the lungs and produce small tubercles of infection. Pneumoconiosis is characterized by chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis caused by inhaling dust particles. Bronchiectasis is caused by chronic infection in the lower lobes of the lungs, with loss of elasticity of the bronchi (-ectasis = dilation). Objective: Identify pathologic conditions that affect the respiratory system. Text page: 453 MTO: Section II, Lessons 4.2, 4.4, 4.8; Section IV, Medical Report The correct answer is: emphysema

Mr. Milorio is 73. He presents to his physician with complaints of a persistent cough. He has smoked a pack of cigarettes a day since he was 17. After a physical examination, the physician schedules Mr. Milorio for a bronchoscopy. The findings were suspicious for an infiltrating tumor. A bronchoscopy is a visual examination of the:

Rationale: The question tells you that -scopy is a visual examination, so you're looking for the meaning of the combining form bronch/o, which is bronchial tube. Objective: Describe important clinical procedures related to the respiratory system and recognize relevant abbreviations. Text pages: 446, 459 MTO: Section II, Lessons 2.16, 3.11 The correct answer is: bronchial tubes

Creation of an opening into the trachea and insertion of a tube to create an airway

Rationale: This one comes down to knowing your word parts. The suffix -stomy means new opening and the suffix -tomy means incision or the process of cutting. A tracheostomy is the creation of an opening into the trachea for the purpose of inserting a tube. A tracheotomy is the incision made to create the opening. Objective: Describe important clinical procedures related to the respiratory system and recognize relevant abbreviations. Text page: 462 MTO: Section II, Lesson 1.5 The correct answer is: Creation of an opening into the trachea and insertion of a tube to create an airway → tracheostomy

The combining form thorac/o means:

Rationale: Thorac/o means chest, as in the medical terms thorax and thoracic. Objective: Recognize medical terms that pertain to respiration. Text page: 449 MTO: Section I, Lesson 2.8 The correct answer is: chest

Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the pleural cavity

Rationale: Thoracentesis is a puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space. Thoracoscopy (also called thorascopy) is the visual examination of the chest by inserting an endoscope. Thoracotomy is a major surgical incision into the chest, necessary for lung biopsies and resections. Objective: Describe important clinical procedures related to the respiratory system and recognize relevant abbreviations. Text page: 461 MTO: Section II, Lesson 5.3 The correct answer is: Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the pleural cavity → thoracentesis

Examination of the pleural space, pleura, and lungs with a scope inserted through a small incision between the ribs

Rationale: Thoracoscopy is correct. Thoracentesis is a puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space. Objective: Describe important clinical procedures related to the respiratory system and recognize relevant abbreviations. Text page: 461 MTO: Section II, Lesson 2.11 The correct answer is: Examination of the pleural space, pleura, and lungs with a scope inserted through a small incision between the ribs → thoracoscopy

URI is the abbreviation for:

Rationale: URI stands for upper respiratory infection. Objective: Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their proper contexts, such as medical reports and records. Text page: 464 MTO: Section II, Lesson 1.3 The correct answer is: upper respiratory infection

Removal of the tonsils is called a:

Rationale: Use your knowledge: tonsill/o = tonsil and -ectomy = surgical removal. The correct answer is tonsillectomy (the removal of the palatine tonsils). Notice that the combining vowel is dropped because the suffix begins with a vowel. Objective: Describe important clinical procedures related to the respiratory system and recognize relevant abbreviations. Text page: 449 MTO: Section I, Lessons 1.3, 1.7 The correct answer is: tonsillectomy

Mrs. Farrell's wheezing indicates:

Rationale: Wheezing is a whistling sound caused by air being forced through narrowed air passages caused by the swelling and constriction of the bronchi associated with asthma. Loss of alveolar elasticity is associated with emphysema. Atelectasis is the medical term for a collapsed lung, characterized by the incomplete (atel/o) expansion (-ectasis) or collapse of the alveoli. Obstruction of the larynx is associated with croup. Objective: Identify pathologic conditions that affect the respiratory system. Text page: 452 MTO: Section II, Lesson 2.2 The correct answer is: bronchial narrowing and inflammation

During inspiration, which of the following actions occur:

Rationale: When you breathe in, the diaphragm contracts and descends. This movement enlarges the chest area, which decreases internal air pressure. Air then flows into the lungs to equalize the pressure. Objective: Recognize medical terms that pertain to respiration. Text page: 443 MTO: Section I, Lesson 3.2 The correct answer is: diaphragm contracts, chest cavity area increases, internal air pressure decreases

Right lymphatic duct

Receives lymph from the right side of the body and empties lymph into a vein in the neck.

RBC is the abbreviation for

Red blood count

Blood has all of the following functions except to

Regulate respiration

En bloc resection

Removal of a large, bulky tumor without dissection En bloc resection is the removal of a tumor along with a large area of the surrounding tissue containing lymph nodes. Classic examples are modified radical mastectomy, colectomy, and gastrectomy. In en bloc resections, the involved organ of origin and regional lymph nodes are removed as one mass of tissue.

Splenectomy

Removal of the spleen.

Thymectomy

Removal of the thymus gland.

Fractionation

Repeated small does of radiation

mitosis

Replication of cells; a stage in a cell's life cycle involving the production of two identical cells from a parent cell

Retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma is an inherited cancer. Loss or mutation of the retinoblastoma gene (Rb-1) causes a tumor of the retina of the eye. Congenital hereditary neoplasm developing from retinal germ cells

RTI is the abbreviation for

Reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Anaplasia

Reversion to a more primitive cell type

Dedifferentiation

Reversion to a more primitive, embryonic cell type is called Dedifferentiation and is characteristic of malignant tumors. Is a loss of differentiation of cells. This is also known as anaplasia, when a cell reverts back to its embryonic type and is no longer capable of differentiation, or specialization.

Dedifferentiation

Reversion to a more primitive, embryonic cell type is called ____________ and is characteristic of malignant tumors

The vessel that receives lymph from the upper right part of the body is the

Right lymphatic duct

subcutaneous

SC

Systemic lupus erythematosus

SLE

Leiomyosarcoma

Sarcoma that contains large spindle cells of unstriated muscle

Exanthematous viral diseases include all of the following except:

Scabies

________ is a contagious parasitic infection of skin with intense pruritus.

Scabies

Squamous cell carcinoma arises from squamous epithelial cells, which are thin, flat, and:

Scalelike

Radionuclide

Scan of organs after abn injection of a radiactive substance.

Shoulder bone:

Scapula

ateral curvature of the spinal column:

Scoliosis

Exfoliative cytology

Scraping and microscopic examination of cells from the region of suspected disease Cells are scraped from the region of suspected disease and examined under a microscope The microscopic examination of desquamated cells for diagnostic purposes The cells are obtained from lesions, sputum, secretions, urine, and other material by means of aspiration, scraping, a smear, or washings of the tissue.

An oil-secreting gland associated with hair follicles is a:

Sebaceous gland

A benign skin neoplasm common in the elderly and characterized by thickened yellow or brown areas of the epidermis is called

Seborrheic keratosis

Autologous

Self

_____ studies include growth hormone, prolactin level, gonadotropin levels, and calcium

Serum

Mr. Randolph is jaundiced. His physician orders a liver function test called

Serum bilirubin

The difference between plasma and serum is that

Serum does not contain clotting elements

red blood cell morphology looks at the ___ of individual red blood cells

Shape

Sarah has a cheat X-ray that shows she has tubercles in her lungs. What does that mean?

She has a dormant form of tuberculosis that could become active if her resistance is lowered

Presence of stone(s) in a salivary gland:

Sialadenolithiasis

______ anemia is a genetic disorder characterized by production of abnormal hemoglobin (HbS), abnormal shape of erythrocytes, and hemolysis.

Sickle Cell

A direct visual examination of the mucous membrane lining of the sigmoid colon is a diagnostic procedure called:

Sigmoidoscopy

The combining form dermat/o means:

Skin

Ring of muscles:

Sphincter

The combining form splen/o means

Spleen

The organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells is the

Spleen

The correct term for removal of the spleen is

Splenectomy

________megaly is enlargement of the spleen

Spleno

Slipping or subluxation of a vertebra:

Spondylolisthesis

Diffuse

Spreading evenly throught the cell

The abbreviation of the medical term meaning a malignant growth that develops from scale-like epithelial tissue is:

SqCCA

The epidermis is composed of which type of cell?

Squamous epithelial cells

This keratinized layer of skin functions as a protective barrier against outside elements.

Squamous epithelium

Presence of improperly digested fats in the feces:

Steatorrhea

Unspecialized cells that become specialized when the mature are called

Stem cells

The outermost layer of epidermis is the

Stratum corneum

simulation

Study using CT scan or MRI to map treatment before RT is given.

proton therapy

Subatomic positively charged particles (protons) produced by a cyclotron deposit a dose of radiation at a tightly focused point in the body.

Allergen

Substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity in a body; an antigen.

T cells that serve a regulatory function for specific immune responses by stopping the immune response when an antigen has been destroyed are

Suppressor T cells

Stereotactic radiosurgery

Surgery in which the site is localized with 3D coordinates and tissue destruction is performed with ionizing radiation In this surgery, the site to be worked on is localized with three-dimensional coordinates and tissue destruction is performed with ionizing radiation rather than surgical incision. technique in which a single large dose of radiation is delivered under a precise 3D guidance to destroy vascular abnormalities and small brain tumors

The suffix --ectomy means:

Surgical removal

Exenteration or Evisceration.

Surgical removal of the inner organs Exenteration is extensive. The tumor, its organ of origin, and all surrounding tissue is removed. It is also called evisceration.

Onc/o

Swelling, mass, tumor Example: cellular oncogenes, potentially cancer-inducing genes that under normal conditions function in the growth and proliferation of cells but when altered in some way by a cancer-causing agent may cause the cells to be transformed to a malignant state.

Esophageal varices:

Swollen, twisted veins

Hypersplenism

Syndrome of spleen enlargement (splenomegaly) and destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis).

Ms. King presented to her physician with a reddish "butterfly" rash over her nose and cheeks. After further examination and lab results showing high levels of antibodies in the blood, she is told she has a systemic chronic inflammatory collagen disease. Corticosteroid treatment is begun. Ms. King's diagnosis is

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Lymphocytes that act directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals toxic to them are

T Cells

Cytotoxic T cell

T cell lymphocyte that directly kills foreign cells; T8 cell.

Lymphocytes that act directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals toxic to them are

T cells

What is the abbreviation for the term meaning pertaining to through the skin?

TD

This test measures the amount of a hormone in the blood that is secreted by the anterior pituitary lobe to control the release of thyroid hormone and to stimulate the growth and function of the thyroid gland

TSH level

Clubfoot:

Talipes

Fulguration

Technique in which tissue is destroyed by burning with an electric spark It is used primarily for eliminating small superficial growths but may be used with curettage to eradicate abnormal tissue deeper in the skin or to stop bleeding.

ELISA

Test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in blood. This is a screening test for AIDS.

Protein marker tests

Tests for circulating biochemical markers of substances indicative of neoplasm measure the level of proteins in the blood or on the surface of tumor cells; these tests diagnose cancer or detect its recurrence after treament

An inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually seen in persons of Mediterranean background

Thalassemia

Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Evolution

The ABCDEs of Melanoma

CEA test

The CEA test helps diagnose colorectal and GI cancer.

Immune response

The body's capability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that can damage tissue and organs.

Angiogenesis

The formation of new blood vessels The process is controlled by chemicals produced in the body that stimulate blood vessels or form new ones.

Which of the following are a lymphoid organ of the immune system

The lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, tonsils, and adenoids

Apoptosis

The medical term for programmed cell death is

Carcinoma in situ

This refers to localized tumor cells that have not invaded adjacent structures

Hematochezia is:

The passage of bright red blood from the rectum

Carcinogenesis

The process of initiating and promoting cancer

Curettage is

The use of a sharp instrument to scrape away a skin lesion

HIV is

The virus that causes AIDS

What do hay fever, anaphylactic shock, and hives have in common

They are hypersensitivity reactions.

A full-thickness burn injury is also called a

Third-degree burn

Beta-hCG protein marker test

This detects human chorionic gonadotropin in serum of patients with testicular cancer. Two serum proteins have been associated with testicular cancer. One is chorionic gonadotropin and the other is alpha-fetoprotein.

Beta-hCG protein marker test

This detects human chorionic gonadotropin in serum of patients with testicular cancer. Two serum proteins have been associated with testicular cancer. One is chorionic gonadotropin and the other is alpha-fetoprotein.

Radionuclide scan

This diagnostic procedure involves the intravenous injection of radioactive substances to reveal abnormalities. Radionuclide organ imaging uses the intravenous injection of radioactive substances to visualize tumors and metastases.

Immunohistochemistry

This diagnostic test localizes antigens, or proteins, in tissues using marked antibodies to assess presence and amount of specific molecules in both normal and tumor cells

Cytogenetic analysis

This diagnostic test localizes antigens, or proteins, in tissues using marked antibodies to assess presence and amount of specific molecules in both normal and tumor cells. Examination of chromosomes for translocations, breaks or deletions of DNA chromosomes of normal or tumor cells are examined for breaks, translocation, or deletions of DNA; the result of this test can help confirm diagnosis of a particular form of leukemia or other cancer

Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

This diagnostic test localizes antigens, or proteins, in tissues using marked antibodies to assess presence and amount of specific molecules in both normal and tumor cells. is a process of localizing antigens (proteins) in tissue cells using marked antibodies. (Antibodies bind specifically to antigens.)

Laparoscopy

This is used to inspect the peritoneal cavity for tumors

Laparoscopy

This is used to inspect the peritoneal cavity for tumors. The procedure for a visual inspection (-scopy) of the peritoneal cavity (lapar/o = abdomen) is laparoscopy. visual examination of the abdominal cavity using small incisions and a laparoscope

Carcinoma in situ

This refers to localized tumor cells that have not invaded adjacent structures. A premalignant neoplasm that has not invaded the basement membrane These neoplasms show cytological characteristics of cancer.

Epidermoid

This term means resembling squamous epithelial cells. Resembling (-oid) squamous epithelial cells (thin, platelike cells) is called epidermoid.

The large lymphatic vessel that receives lymph from the lower portion of the body and from the left side of the body above the diaphragm is the

Thoracic duct

Lymph vessels empty into two large ducts called the

Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct

Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation

Thrombin

Another term for platelets is

Thromobocytes

________ectomy means the removal of the thymus gland

Thym

A malignant tumor of the thymus gland is called

Thymoma

The organ located in the upper mediastinum that plays an important role in immunity, especially during fetal life and the early years of growth, is the

Thymus

The combining form thym/o means

Thymus gland

The organ that is the site for production and maturation of one type of lymphocyte is the

Thymus gland

Brenda s doctor ordered a ____________ to measure her blood levels of T3, T4, and TSH m

Thyroid function test

The nuclear medicine test that shows the size, shape, and function of the thyroid gland is a

Thyroid scan

Lymph capillaries

Tiny lymph vessels that carry lymph through the body.

Radioresistant

Tissues that require large does of radiation to destroy them*

The lymphatic system functions to do all of the following except

Transport oxygen to capillaries from the bloodstream

Palliative

Treatment designed to relieve or reduce the intensity of uncomfortable symptoms Palliative treatments are not designed to produce a cure. relieving but not curing symptoms

Excisional

Tumor and normal margins removal*

Grade I

Tumor cells appearing close to normal in organization and differentiation

Grade IV

Tumor cells lacking organization and differentiation

Grade II

Tumor cells retaining some organization and differentiation

Grade III

Tumor cells retaining some poor organization and differentiation

radiosensitive tumor

Tumor in which radiation can cause the death of cells without serious damage to surrounding tissue.

Malignant

Tumor that mltiplies rapidly

Radiocurable

Tumors that can be cured with radiation therapy are said to be radiocurable.

Retinoblastoma

Tunmor in retina of the eye

Persons with ______ blood are referred to as universal recipients

Type AB

_______blood contains only anti-A antibodies

Type B

Humoral immunity

Type of immune response in which a B cell lymphocyte transforms into a plasma cell and secretes antibodies.

Cell-mediated immunity

Type of immune response that involves T cell lymphocytes. These lymphocytes act directly on antigens to destroy them.

Photon therapy

Type of radiation therapy that involves the use of x-rays or gamma rays It comes from a special machine called a linear accelerator.

Ana-

Up, back, again backward Example: anaplastic, characterized by anaplasia or reversed development; said of cells.

Abnormal albumin levels would be detected with a

Urine test

Ketone levels would be checked with a

Urine test

_______ is an acute allergic skin reaction in which red, round wheals develop.

Urticaria

Immunotherapy

Use of immunologic techniques to treat disease.

Cryosurgery

Use of subfreezing temperature to destroy tissue

Which diagnostic procedure involves the injection or inhalation of radioactive material to study its distribution in the lung?

V/Q scan

Visual examination of the chest using an endoscope and a video monitor is:

VATS

Introduction of a modified toxin to produce and immune response and protection against disease is

Vaccination

Pleomorphic

Variety of cell types

Verrucous

Verrucous means resembling a wartlike growth. Verruc/o means wart.

A screening procedure that allows physicians to examine the entire length of the colon over the course of several minutes

Virtual colonoscopy

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Virus (retrovirus) that causes AIDS.

Retrovirus

Virus that makes copies of itself using the host cell's DNA, a process that is the reverse of the normal replication mechanism in cells. HIV is a retrovirus.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy may be defined as

Visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract

Mr. Kennedy, who has pernicious anemia, will need a lifelong administration of which substance?

Vitamin B12

_________ is pigmentation loss in areas of the skin

Vitiligo

Sixteen-year-old David visits a dermatologist. The doctor sees a variety of lesions on the face, shoulders, and upper back. The predominant lesions are papules and pustules; several cysts are also visible. David reports that the skin lesions have developed recently and that over-the-counter topical medications have not worked. The physician diagnoses David with:

Vulgaris acne

The test that determines the number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood

WBC

___________ is a tumor of malignant B cells that produce too much IgM

Waldenström macroglobulinemia

Vaccine

Weakened or dead antigens to induce antibody production.

Wasting syndrome

Weight loss and decrease in muscle strength, appetite, and mental activity that occurs with AIDS.

Mosquito bites often cause this type of lesion.

Wheal

Which of the following is not an accessory structure of the skin?

Wheal

WBC is the abbreviation for

White blood cell count

The percentage of different types of leukocytes in the blood

White blood cell differential

Lymphocytes

White blood cells that develop primarily in lymph nodes and the spleen and fight against foreign organisms.

Exenteration

Wide resection involving the tumor, its organ of origin, and all surrounding tissue in the body space is called

Protocal

Written treatment plan*

Mammography

X-ray examination of the breast to detect breast cancer

scab

a _____ is a crust

Metamorphosis

a change in shape or structure, especially a change from one stage of development to another.

Anaplasia

a change in the structure and orientation of cells, characterized by loss of differentiation and reversion to a more primitive form.

What best describes the composition of a hormone?

a chemical substance

Myoma

a common, benign fibroid tumor of the uterine muscle.

Brachydactyly

a condition in which fingers or toes are abnormally short.

dermis

a dense, fibrous, connective tissue layer; containing collagen, sebaceous oil glands, and sweat glands. This is the middle layer of the skin

Cystic fibrosis is:

a disorder that affects the mucous membranes of the respiratory system as well as the pancreas and the sweat glands

a "macule" is

a flat, circumscribed area of discoloration on the surface of the skin (Ex. freckels, flat moles)

tinea unguium

a form of tinea that effects the nails

Apocrine gland

a gland whose secretion contains part of the secreting cell.

Margie has always had white spots on her arm. The spots are most likely caused by .

a lack of melanin

Glioblastoma

a malignant, invasive, rapidly growing tumor of the cerebrum or the spinal cord.

ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ASSAY

a microscopic examination of breast tumor tissue used to determine the probable response of a tumor to endocrine therapy

The pathologist's report described the malignant tumor as fungating. According to this gross description, the tumor had:

a mushrooming pattern of growth

cicatrix

a normal scar left by a healed wound is called a _____

albino

a person with skin deficient in pigment (melanin)

patch test

a piece of gauze or filter paper containing an allergen extract is applied to the skin to see if it produces a reaction

a "vesicle" is

a primary lesion; It is a small, circumscribed elevation on the skin that contains serous fluid

abscess

a pustule is a small ______ (collection of pus) on the skin

A "petechia" is

a reddish-purple pinpoint spot that appears on the skin

Fibrosarcoma

a sarcoma that contains fibrous connective tissue.

The removal and examination, usually microscopic, of skin lesions to establish diagnosis is called __________

a skin biopsy

scratch test

a small quantity of a solution containing an allergy-causing substance is placed on a lightly scratched area of the skin.

A "nodule" (larger papule) is

a small, palpable knot-like mass; some nodules can be felt even if they cannot be seen.

A "papule" is

a small, solid, raised skin lesion that is less than 1 cm in diameter

a "bulla" is

a vesicle larger than 1 cm in diameter

Movement away from the midline:

abduction

Shannon has cholelithiasis, or gallstones. In this term, the suffix -iasis means _______.

abnormal condition

The suffix -cytosis means

abnormal condition of cells

-ia

abnormal condition or diseased state

gynecomastia:

abnormal development of breast tissue in males

Trichomycosis

abnormal fungal condition in the hair

The medical term for a localized collection of pus is:

abscess

a collection of pus in a confined space is called what

abscess

alopecia

absence of hair from areas where it normally grows (this is the medical term for baldness)

alopecia

absence or loss of hair from areas where it normally grows especially from the scalp

The skin functions to do all of the following except ____________.

absorb oxygen for respiration

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and ________ are protein marker tests for prostate cancer.

acid phosphatase

What skin disorder can be treated with antibiotics?

acne vulgaris

When the presence of a disease generates the production of antibodies to fight it the next time it is called ________________ immunity

acquired active

Formation of antibodies and lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen is

acquired immunity

Post-puberty hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland:

acromegaly

ABCDE test

acronym for the top five characteristics associated with skin cancers: 1. asymmetry of shape, 2. border that is irregular, 3. color (variation within one lesion), 4. diameter (greater than 6 mm). 5. evolution (change)

urticaria (hives)

acute allergic reaction in which red, round wheals develop on the skin

ALL is the abbreviation for

acute lymphocytic leukemia

Masses of lymph tissue in the nasopharynx are called?

adenoids

Adding drugs early in the course of treatment to hasten or assist primary treatment in attacking cancer cells would be considered:

adjuvant therapy

Which is a description of a thyroid scan?

administration of radioactive compound and visualization with scanner to detect tumors or nodules

Cushing's syndrome is a disorder of the:

adrenal gland

tinea unguium

affects the nails

ana

again, anew

carcinogens

agents that cause cancer; chemicals and drugs, radiation, and viruses

Carcinogens

agents that cause cancer; chemicals and drugs, radiation, and viruses Substance or agent that causes the development or increases the incidence of cancer

Absence of pigment in skin:

albinism

An inherited deficiency or absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes caused by an abnormality in melanin production is _________.

albinism

Condition of partial or total lack of melanin pigment

albinism

Increases reabsorption of sodium by kidney tubules:

aldosterone

The combining form bas/o means

alkaline

Cytoplasm

all of the substance of a cell other than the nucleus and the cell wall.

A substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity reaction in the body is a(n

allergen

Which of the following is a permanent disorder of the integumentary system?

alopecia

AFP

alpha-fetoprotein

Emphysema primarily affects which lung structure?

alveoli

Pneumonia is an acute inflammation and infection of ______, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction

alveoli

If a person could not produce surfactant, his/her:

alveoli would collapse

dermatoconiosis is

an abnormal skin condition caused by exposure to dust

contact dermatitis is...

an allergic reaction that can lead to an acute or chronic inflammation of the skin

pimple

an example of a papule is a _______

hypodermic injection is...

an injection below the dermis

A "wheal" is

an irregularly shaped, solid elevation of the skin

_____________ is an exaggerated, life-threatening hypersensitivity to a foreign protein or other substance

anaphylaxis

whats the function of the subcutaneous layer

anchors the dermis and the epidermis to the underlying muscle and bone

What hormones stimulate body hair, facial hair, large muscles, and a deep voice?

androgens

Administration of packed cells is a treatment for

anemia

CTPA is a combination of computed tomography scanning and _________

angiography

Protein stimulated by presence of antigens

antibodies

Proteins that destroy antigens are:

antibodies

molecularly targeted drugs

anticancer drugs designed to block the function of growth factors, their receptors, and signaling pathways in specific tumor cells

Substances capable of inducing an immune response are

antigens

A laboratory test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes

antiglobulin test

neoplasm

any abnormal growth or formation of new tissue whether it is benign or malignant

CHEMICAL CARCINOGEN

any chemical agent that can induce the development of cancer in living tissue

A "Lesion" is

any visible change in body tissue caused by injury or disease; includes sores, wounds, ulcers, and tumors

This type of sweat gland is large and embedded in the dermal layer of the skin under the arms and near the genitals.

apocrine

The medical term for programmed cell death is:

apoptosis

microscopic description of tumors

appearance of tumors when viewed under a microscope: alveolar, carcinoma in situ, diffuse, dysplastic, epidermoid, follicular, papillary, pleomorphic, scirrhous, undifferentiated

Microscopic description of tumors

appearance of tumors when viewed under a microscope; alveolar, carcinoma in situ, diffuse, dysplastic, epidermoid, follicular, papillary, pleomorphic, scirrhous, or undifferentiated

The pain on Ben's lower right side leads the emergency department team to suspect an inflammation of his ________, the pouch that hangs from his cecum.

appendix

External beam irradiation

applying radiation to a tumor from a source outside the body

axilla

armpit

__________ is an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the abdomen. cirrhosis hepatitis jaundice ascites

ascites

Bone marrow biopsy

aspiration of bone marrow tissue and examination under a microscope for evidence of malignant cells

adjuvant therapy

assisting primary treatment. drugs are given early in the course of treatment, along with surgery or radiation to attack cancer cells that may be too small to be detected by diagnostic techniques

A chronic, intermittent bronchial inflammatory disorder, also known as reactive airway disease, is:

asthma

ABCDE

asymmetry (of shape), border (irregularity), color (variation within one lesion), diameter (greater than 6mm), evolution (change)-characteristics associated with melanoma (ABBREVIATION)

Collapsed lung:

atelectasis

______ means incomplete expansion of a lung (collapsed lung)

atelectasis

Which of the following skin diseases is contagious?

athlete's foot

tinea pedis

athletes foot and it affects the skin between the toes

An inflammatory skin reaction due to sensitivity to an environmental allergen is _______________________.

atopic dermatitis

Listening to sounds within the body with a stethoscope is called:

auscultation

The collection of stationary lymph tissue in the armpits is comprised of:

axillary node

The prefix ana- means:

backward

impetigo

bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules, and crusted-over lesions. (this is a contagious PYODERMA and usually is caused by staphylococci or streptococci)

gangrene

bacterial invasion and the subsequent decomposition of necrotic tissue

Cac/o

bad

The most common, and slow-growing, skin tumor, called ______________, develops in the epidermis, particularly in sun-exposed areas.

basal cell carcinoma

Which type of skin cancer occurs most frequently?

basal cell carcinoma

What is the deepest region of the epidermis?

basal layer

The ______ of the lung rests on the diaphragm

base

The white blood cell type that has granules that stain dark purple in response to alkaline dye

basophil

decubitus ulcer

bed sore (open sore causes by external pressure such as mattress of a bed)

Seborrheic keratosis

benign lesion that results from overgrowth of the upper epidermis and is dark in color.

hemangioma

benign tumor made up of a bundle of blood vessels

Characteristically, a _______ tumor grows slowly, is well-differentiated and noninvasive, and does not spread to a distant location; that is, it does not_______.

benign, metastasize

-coccus

berry-shaped (form of bacterium)

para-

beside

A cancer-treating substance that stimulates the body's immune system or other body defenses is called a(n):

biologic response modifier

Bx

biopsy

Bx is the abbreviation for:

biopsy

bx abbreviation means what?

biopsy

Bx

biopsy (abbreviation)

what is another name for a blackhead? whitehead?

blackhead-> open comedo ( pore is only partially blocked) whiteheads-> cloud comedones (pore is completely blocked)

open comedo

blackheads are also known as ____

The suffis in the term anemia means

blood conditions

CEA TEST

blood test for carcinoembryonic antigen ( marker for GI cancer)

PSA TEST

blood test for the presence of an antigen related to prostate cancer

When whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient, the procedure is called

blood transfusion

What causes the pinkish tint in an albino's skin?

blood vessels

cyan/o

blue

the combining form myel/o means

bone marrow

The microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle is a

bone marrow biopsy

Bone marrow or stem cell transplantation

bone marrow or stem cells are infused intravenously into a patient

BMT

bone marrow transplant

The B in "ABCDE" stands for ___________.

border

What diagnostic procedure might reveal a pituitary tumor?

brain scan

Bcr

breakpoint cluster region (bcr-abl oncogene is a part of the Philadelphia chromosome associated with chronic myeloid leukemia)

spir/o

breathing

What is the medical term for chronic dilation of the bronchi?

bronchiectasis

The smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree is the:

bronchiole

What diagnostic test provides physicians with a direct look at the lining of the respiratory tract?

bronchoscopy

_______ is the visual examination of the bronchi

bronchoscopy

ecchymoses

bruises

any skin vesicle larger than 1 cm is called a ______

bulla

caus/o

burn, burning

Cauter/o

burn, heat

The abbreviation for biopsy is __.

bx

Heel bone:

calcaneus

CA

cancer

The combining form carcin/o means:

cancer

Immunotherapy

cancer treatment using immune cells and antibodies to kill tumor cells

Carcin/o

cancer, cancerous

malignant melanoma

cancerous growth composed of melanocytes

sarcoma

cancerous tumor derived from connective or flesh tissue

Sarcoma

cancerous tumor derived from connective or flesh tissue A malignant neoplasm of the soft tissues arising in fibrous, fatty, muscular, synovial, vascular, or neural tissue Usually first manifested as a painless swelling.

Carcinoma

cancerous tumor made up of cells of epithelial origin A malignant epithelial neoplasm Carcinomas tend to invade surrounding tissue and to metastasize to distant regions of the body.

Squamous cell carcinoma

cancerous tumor that arises from the squamous epithelial cells of the epidermis.

The medical term meaning skin infection composed of a cluster of boils caused by staphylococcal bacteria is:

carbuncle

CEA

carcinoembyronic antigen

Radiation is a(n) _________ when it produces leukemia in radiologists and survivors of atomic bomb explosions.

carcinogen

An adeno______ is a cancerous tumor arising from glandular cells.

carcinoma

This refers to localized tumor cells that have not invaded adjacent structures.

carcinoma in situ

Mutagen/o

causing genetic change Example: mutagenesis, the induction or occurrence of a genetic mutation.

Destruction of tissue with a hot or cold instrument, electric current or caustic substance is called:

cauterization

When malignant tissue is destroyed by burning, it is called:

cauterization

Combining form for the first part of the large intestine:

cec/o

MITOSIS

cell division or replication of cells; creation of two identical daughter cells from a parent cell

EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY

cells are scraped from a region of suspected disease and examined under the microscope

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

cellular substance that represents a copy of DNA and directs the formation of new protein inside cells

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

cellular substance that represents a copy of DNA and directs the formation of new protein inside cells

RNA

cellular substance that, along with DNA, plays a role in protein synthesis

cGy

centigray or rad

The largest clusters of lymph nodes are found in the

cervical (neck), (armpit) axillary, mediastinal (between the lungs), inguinal (groin)

MUTATION

change in genetic material (DNA) of a cell

mutation

change in the genetic material (DNA) of a cell; may be caused by chemicals, radiation or viruses or may occur spontaneously

Mutation

change in the genetic material (DNA) of a cell; may be caused by chemicals, radiation, or viruses or may occur spontaneously Unusual change in a gene occurring spontaneously or by induction The change affects the original expression of the gene. If a mutation occurs in the genome of a gamete, the mutation may be transmitted to later generations.

Anaplastic

characterized by anaplasia or reversed development; said of cells.

chemabrasion

chemical abrasion, involves the application of chemicals that remove surface layers of skin cells, such as the phenol peel

antibiotics

chemical substances, produced by bacteria or primitive plants. They inhibit the growth of cells and are used in cancer chemotherapy

Chem/o

chemical, drug A chemical; by chemical reaction Example: medicinal chemistry, chemistry as it relates to medicine.

antimetabolites

chemicals that prevent cell division by inhibiting formation of substances necessary to make DNA; used in cancer chemotherapy

Treatment with drugs to damage the DNA of cancer cells is called _______ therapy.

chemo

Alkylating agents, antimetabolites, antibiotics, hormones, and antimiotics all are types of:

chemotherapeutic agents

Antimetabolites

chemotherapeutic agents that block the synthesis of DNA components (nucleotides) and prevent cells from dividing Drug or other substance that is antagonistic to or resembles a normal human metabolite Antimetabolites interfere with a metabolite's function in the body, usually by competing for its receptors or enzymes.

Antibiotics

chemotherapeutic drugs found in bacteria and fungi, which cause breaks in DNA strands to inhibit cell division

Alkylating agents

chemotherapeutic synthetic drugs that cause crosslinks and breaks DNA to stop cells from dividing Substances containing an alkyl radical and capable of replacing a free hydrogen atom in an organic compound This type of chemical reaction results in interference with DNA synthesis and RNA transcription, which in turn results in interference with mitosis and cell division, especially in rapidly proliferating tissue, causing cell death. Alkylating agents are radiometric in that their action is similar to that of irradiation, making them useful in the treatment of cancer, and they are a common class of chemotherapy.

Chemo

chemotherapy

CXR is the abbreviation for:

chest x-ray

varicella

chickenpox

The surgical removal of Mrs. Jones' gallbladder was called a:

cholecystectomy

psoriasis

chronic inflammatory autoimmune skin disorder which thick scaly lesions form because of an excessive epithelial growth rate

CML is the abbreviation for

chronic myelogenous leukemia

COPD is the abbreviation for:

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

acne

chronic papular and pustular eruption of the skin with increase production of sebum

scleroderma

chronic progressive disease of the skin and internal organs with hardening and shrinking of connective tissue

scleroderma

chronic, progressive autoimmune disorder of the connective tissue-> collagen is overproduced so skin loses its elasticity and becomes thick and taut

psoriasis

chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by itch, scaly, red plaques covered by silvery gray scales

Mr. Johnson is diagnosed with emphysema. You know that this lung disorder is strongly associated with:

cigarette smoking

ulcer

circumscribed crater like lesion that results from tissue death in response to inflammation infection or malignancy

A degeneration of liver tissue in which the damaged portions are replaced with scar tissue, often caused by chronic alcohol abuse or hepatitis, is:

cirrhosis

Collarbone:

clavicle

the process of blood clotting

coagulation

The time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube

coagulation time

Cry/o

cold

The structural protein material found in the dermal layer of the skin is called _______.

collagen

The structural protein material found in the dermal layer of the skin is called:

collagen

crust

collection of dried serum and cellular debris

Use of several chemotherapeutic agents together for the treatment of tumors is called:

combination chemotherapy

CR

complete response-disappearance of all tumor

What is the best treatment for mild epistaxis caused by a bump in the nose?

compress the nostrils, elevate and tilt the head slightly forward

The suffix -ema means:

condition

-osis

condition of

Morbidity

condition of being unwell or deficient in normal function

morbidity

condition of being unwell; deficient in normal function

erythema

condition of redness

The combining form that means dust:

coni/o

Which is a description of tetany?

constant muscle contraction

scabies

contagious dermatitis caused by penetration into the stratum corneum of the scabies itch mite

impetigo

contagious skin disorder caused by staphylococcal or streptococcal infection

scabies

contagious, parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus

mucinous

containing mucus

Mucinous

containing mucus (a thick whitish secretion)

Tube thoracotomy is the:

continuous drainage of the pleural spaces from the chest tube placed through a small incision

Failure of the right side of the heart to pump sufficiently to the lungs causing enlargement of the right ventricle, is known as:

cor pulmonale

another name for dermis

corium

_____ is a viral infection with obstruction of the larynx

croup

The _____ of the tooth lies _____ the gum line.

crown, above

a _____ is a collection of dried serum and cellular debris

crust

Which clinical procedure uses liquid nitrogen to destroy tissue?

cryosurgery

What is the combining form meaning skin?

cutane/o

What is the band of epidermis at the base and side of the nail plate that covers the nail root called?

cuticle

-tome

cutting instrument

A lack of oxygen supply to the skin can cause the sking to become

cyanotic.

Closed sac containing fluid or semi-solid material:

cyst

The ovaries are the most common site of this kind of tumor:

cystic

Interferon and interleukins are examples of

cytokines

proteins produced by T lymphocytes to aid other cells in destroying antigens.

cytokines (interferon and interleukins)

NECROTIC POLYPOID

dead tissue in polypoid growths

necr/o-

death

gangrene

death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply

Necr/o

death, corpse Example: necrosis, localized tissue death that occurs in groups of cells in response to disease or injury.

What is an appropriate part of the treatment of a third-degree burn?

debridement

________ is the removal of contaminated or dead tissue and foreign matter from an open wound.

debridement

The abbreviation for a pressure ulcer is:

decub

Bed sore; break in continuity of skin:

decubitus ulcer

Reversion to a more primitive, embryonic cell type is called ______ and is characteristic of malignant tumors.

dedifferentiation

Lymphocytopenia is a(n)

deficiency of lymph cells

Mrs. Kane complains of trouble with swallowing. Another term for swallowing is ___________. deglutition mastication absorption eructation

deglutition

Antigen-presenting cells that they show T and B cells what to attack are

dendritic cells

reticul/o

dense network

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

________ is a procedure for removing scars associated with acne

dermabrasian

Derm

dermatology (abbreviation)

The ______ contains blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, muscle fibers, hair follicles, and sweat glands.

dermis

What layer of the skin contains blood vessels, nerves and hair follicles?

dermis

Which layer of skin contains blood and lymph vessels, nerve fibers, hair follicles, and sebaceous and sweat glands?

dermis

Which layer of skin contains blood and lymph vessels, nerve fibers, hair follicles,and sebaceous and sweat glands?

dermis

what layer of the skin is this describing:deeper, dense layer of connective tissue

dermis

Electro_________ is a procedure that destroys tissue by burning with an electric spark.

desiccation

Electro___________ is a procedure that destroys tissue by burning with an electric spark

desiccation

protocol

detailed plan for treatment of an illness

Insulin deficiency or resistance leads to hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis:

diabetes mellitus

What disorder might be treated with diet, exercise, and oral hypoglycemic drugs?

diabetes mellitus

PET/CT scan

diagnostic procedure combining CT and PET; this combination provides a more complete picture of a tumor's location and growth or spread than either done independently Superimposition of computed tomography and positron emission tomography scans into one image The CT and PET scans must be performed in sequence during one patient session. The resulting image has the metabolic activity as shown in the PET more precisely aligned with anatomy as visualized with CT.

Profuse sweating:

diaphoresis

This broad band of muscle separates the chest and abdomen and contracts and expands during respiration:

diaphragm

phren/o

diaphragm

The process by which cells change in size from large immature cells to small mature cells and the cell nucleus shrinks is called

differentiation

cellulitis

diffuse, acute infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling

cellulitis

diffuse, acute skin infection marked by local head, redness, pain and swelling

Fields

dimensions of the area of the body undergoing irradiation

fields

dimensions of the area of the body undergoing irradiation

An acute bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that causes a leathery false membrane to form in the pharynx and trachea is:

diphtheria

tinea barbae

disease of bearded portions of the neck and face

Adjuvant chemotherapy

drugs are given after primary therapy (surgery or radiation); adjuvant means to assist.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

drugs are given before primary therapy (surgery or radiation) to reduce the size of a tumor

antimitotics

drugs that block mitosis (cell division). Taxol is an example of one used to treat breast and ovarian cancers

radiosensitizers

drugs that increase the sensitivity of tumors to x-rays

differentiating agents

drugs that promote tumor cells to differentiate, stop growing, and die

Xer/o

dry

xer/o

dry

xer/o means:

dry

xer/o-

dry

Xeroderma is

dry skin

ichthy/o

dry, scaly (fish-like) (combining vowel)

Jennifer's physician suspects she may have an ulcer in the _______, which is the first section of her small intestine.

duodenum

coni/o-

dust

Robbie is 24 years-old, four feet tall, has short arms and normal mental development. He has:

dwarfism

Ingesting food or water contaminated with viruses, parasites, or protozoa can cause a condition characterized by painful abdominal cramping, inflamed intestines, and diarrhea containing mucus and blood. This condition is known as:

dysentery

A mole, or nevus, that displays a highly abnormal but not clearly cancerous appearance is described as:

dysplastic

DOE stands for ______ on exertion

dyspnea

Difficult breathing:

dyspnea

phag/o

eat

The medical term for a bruise is ___________.

ecchymosis

The medical term for large bluish purple spots of leaked blood under the skin

ecchymosis

`what are the two types of sweat glands

eccrine glands and apocrine glands (sweat glands)

________ is an inflammatory skin disease with erythematous papulovesicular lesions.

eczema

dermatitis

eczema is also known as

moors surgery

effective treatment for removing basal cell carcinoma -> One thin layer of tissue is removed at a time; and each layer is studied to see if it has cancer cells and more layers are taken off until no cancer cells are found

mesenchymal

embryonic connective tissue. This is the tissue from which connective tissues (bone, muscle, fat, cartilage) arise

Mesenchymal

embryonic connective tissue; this is the tissue from which connective tissues (bone, muscle, fat, cartilage, and blood cells) arise

Positron _____ _______ can be used to assess small nodules first discovered on a computed tomography scan

emission tomography

rubella, rubeola, varicella

examples of exanthematous viral diseases are; ______ (german measles), ______ (measles), ______ (chickenpox)

When a tumor is removed along with a large area of surrounding tissue and lymph nodes, it is called:

en bloc resection

Benign tumors are often_________, meaning they are contained within a fibrous capsule or cover.

encapsulated

________ intubation is the insertion and placement of a tube into the trachea through the nose or mouth

endotracheal

RADIATION

energy carried by a stream of particles

radiation

energy carried by a stream of particles

Radiation

energy carried by a stream of particles Radiation as a carcinogen can take many forms: x-rays, sunlight, atomic explosions, and radioactive substances, all of which may cause DNA mutations. Radiation is a Carcinogen when it produces leukemia in radiologists and survivors of atomic bomb explosions.

Acromegaly is caused by the over secretion of somatotropin in adults, causing:

enlarged bones in the hands, face, and feet

Arlando is diagnosed with ________itis, which means he has an intestinal inflammation.

enter

Mandy sees the suffix -ase turn up several times in a patient's lab results. She quickly concludes that this suffix means ________.

enzyme

verruca (aka verrucae)

epidermal growth (wart) caused by a virus

EGFR

epidermal growth factor receptor

When you look at the skin, what layer can you see?

epidermis

what layer of the skin is this describing: thin outer, avascular (without blood vessels) layer

epidermis

This term means resembling squamous epithelial cells:

epidermoid

The ______ prevents choking, or aspiration of food

epiglottis

Lara is frightened and can feel her heart start to pound. What hormone is causing her reaction?

epinephrine

End of a long bone:

epiphysis

The medical term for nosebleed is:

epistaxis

A wearing away or loss of epidermis is a(n) ________.

erosion

a ____ is a wearing away or loss of epidermal tissue

erosion

EPO

erythropoietin

Secreted by ovary and adrenal cortex; develops and maintains the female sex characteristics:

estradiol

ER

estrogen receptor

Grading of tumors

evaluating the degree of maturity of tumor cells or degree of differentiation

grading of tumors

evaluating the degree of maturity of tumor cells or indication of malignant transformation

Wide resection involving the tumor, its organ of origin, and all surrounding tissue in the body space is called:

exenteration

Scraping and microscopic examination of cells from the region of suspected disease is called:

exfoliative cytology

Carbon dioxide is:

exhaled through the lungs

What does the pleura allow the lungs to do?

expand during breathing

Irradiation

exposure to any form of radiant energy such as light, heat, or x-rays

irradiation

exposure to any form of radiant energy such as light, heat, or x-rays

Infiltrative

extending beyond normal tissue boundaries into adjacent tissues

infiltrative

extending beyond normal tissue boundaries into adjacent tissues

Radiation applied to a tumor from a distant source using a linear accelerator is:

external beam radiation

Fluid from tumors of infections that can cause pleural effusion are:

exudates

genetic screening

family members are tested to determine whether they have inherited a cancer-causing gene

Fibrous membrane separating muscles:

fascia

Adipocytes are _____ cells.

fat

adip/o

fat

lip/o

fat

steat/o

fat

adipocytes

fat cells (fun fact* predominantly found in the subcutaneous layer of the skin)

Fibr/o

fibers

The combining form fibr/o means:

fibers

Protein converted to fibrin in the clotting process

fibrinogen

Pulmonary _____ is the formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs

fibrosis

FNA

fine needle aspiration

Prot/o

first

Sunburn is classified as which type of burn?

first degree

cracklike lesions are called what

fissures

macule

flat lesion measuring less than 1 cm in diameter

The combining form sarc/o means:

flesh, connective tissue

Sarc/o

flesh, connective tissue Example: fibrosarcoma, a sarcoma that contains fibrous connective tissue.

-plasm

formation

Plas/o

formation

The suffix -plasia means:

formation

-genesis

formation Production, procreation Example: pathogenesis, the source or cause of an illness or abnormal condition.

-plasia

formation or development

-plasia (or) -plasm

formation, growth, development OR -plasm Example: anaplasia, a change in the structure and orientation of cells, characterized by loss of differentiation and reversion to a more primitive form.

Greta has macules on her face. The more common term is:

freckles

This is destruction of tissue by high-frequency electric sparks.

fulguration

mycosis

fungal infection

Onychomycosis

fungal infection of the nails

myc/o

fungus

myc/o

fungus (fungi include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms)

Fung/i

fungus, mushroom

Ga

gallium

Death and subsequent decomposition of tissue associated with disruption of blood supply is _________.

gangrene

The medical term that describes the death of tissue caused by loss of blood supply followed by bacterial invasion is:

gangrene

GIST

gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Mut/a

genetic change To change Example: mutant, any individual or organism with genetic material that has undergone mutation.

DNA

genetic material within the nucleus of a cell; controls cell division and protein synthesis

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

genetic material within the nucleus of a cell; controls cell division and protein synthesis

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

genetic material within the nucleus of a cell; controls cell division and protein synthesis

Fractionation

giving radiation in small, repeated doses It minimizes tissue damage, unlike a single large dose. Process of administering a dose of radiation in smaller units over time

The opening between the vocal cords is the:

glottis

Karla has an enlarged thyroid gland. The enlargement is called:

goiter

thyroid gland enlargement:

goiter

Sessile

having no stem; characteristic of some polypoid tumors

sessile

having no stem; characteristic of some polypoid tumors

Invasive

having the ability to enter and destroy surrounding tissue

invasive

having the ability to enter and destroy surrounding tissue

Serous

having the appearance of a thin, watery fluid (serum)

serous

having the appearance of a thin, watery fluid (serum)

cauter/o-

heart; burn

cauter/o

heat, burn

wha does the sebaceous gland do?

helps lubricate the skin and hair and prevents excessive water loss from the skin

The formation of blood cells

hematopoiesis

During _____ transplantations, peripheral stem cells from a donor are administered to a recipient

hematopoietic stem cell

H&E

hematoxylin and eosin- a dye combination used to stain pathology specimens

the blood protein that enables the transport of oxygen

hemoglobin

________ is the reduction in red blood cells due to excessive destruction

hemolytic anemia

Excessive bleeding caused by congenital lack of one of the protein factors necessary for blood clotting is called

hemophilia

Chronic constipation can put pressure on anal veins, causing swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region, called:

hemorrhoids

You might expect a person's skin to be jaundiced if he/she has

hepatitis.

crypt/o

hidden

The midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs is called the:

hilum

_______genesis is the identification of the type of tissue from which tumor cells arise.

histo

A wheal is a /an:

hive

urticaria

hives

Diagnosis of ____________ is often made by identifying the Reed Sternberg cell in the lymph nodes

hodgkin disease

A malignant tumor of lymph tissue in the spleen and lymph nodes is called __________ disease, or lymphoma

hodgkins disease

kerat/o, when used to refer to the skin, means

horny tissue or hard

The function of ther dermis is to ____________.

house and support a system of nerves, vessels, and glands

The major component of the gastric juices that reduces the pH of the stomach contents is:

hydrochloric acid

A general term for the condition of having excessive reactions to allergens is called ____________.

hypersensitivity

Low levels of sodium in the blood:

hyponatremia

What endocrine disorder can occur in countries that do not have iodized salt?

hypothyroidism

Federico's doctor believes he may have an obstruction where food enters the large intestine through the cecum. The cecum is a small pouch connected to the ileum at the _________.

ileocecal sphincter

The medical term for the creation of an opening from the final, distal, portion of the small intestine to the surface of the abdomen for emptying feces out of the body is:

ileostomy

The term that means a failure of peristalsis with obstruction of the intestines is ____________:

ileus

AML is a condition characterized by a marked increase in the number of

immature granuloctyes

In acute leukemia, there is an increased number of

immature leukocytes

-blastoma

immature tumor Neoplasm of embryonic tissue Example: glioblastoma, a malignant, invasive, rapidly growing tumor of the cerebrum or the spinal cord.

immune/o

immune

The ability of the body to resist foreign microorganisms, such as bacteria, parasites, and viruses, is known as

immunity

electrophoresis is a test that detects and differentiates abnormal levels of specific antibodies

immuno

A term that describes any of a group of diseases caused by a defect in the immune system, characterized by susceptibility to infection and chronic diseases is

immunodeficiency

Antibodies that bind to and sometimes destroy antigens

immunoglobulins

IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM are collectively known as:

immunoglobulins

IHC

immunohistochemistry

This diagnostic test localizes antigens, or proteins, in tissues using marked antibodies to assess presence and amount of specific molecules in both normal and tumor cells.

immunohistochemistry

The use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat disease is called

immunotherapy

patch test

in the ____ test allergen-treated piece of gauze or filter paper is applied to the skin. If the skin becomes red or swollen, the result is positive.

scratch test

in the ____ test, several scratches are made in the skin, and a very minute amount of test material is inserted into the scratches.

third-degree burns (full-thickness burn injury)

in this degree of burns the epidermis and dermis layer are destroyed, and subcutaneous layer is damaged, leaving charred, white tissue

second-degree burns (partial-thickness burn injury)

in this degree of burns there are epidermal and dermal lesions, erythema, blisters, and hyperesthesia

Derek finds it easiest to floss his _______, the four upper front teeth in his dental arch.

incisors

callus

increase growth of cells in the keratin layer of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction

Most respiratory disorders are caused by:

infection

Tinea capitis

infection of the scalp

tinea

infection of the skin caused by a fungus

tinea capitis

infection of the skin caused by a fungus that specifically effects the SCALP

tinea barbae

infection of the skin caused by a fungus that specifically effects the skin under neath a BEARD

VIRUS

infectious agent that reproduces by entering a host cell and using the host's genetic material to make copies of itself

Virus

infectious agent that reproduces by entering a host cell and using the host's genetic material to make copies of itself

comedo

inflamed sebum plug aka blackhead or whitehead

"cellulitis" is

inflammation of the connective tissue

Lymphadenitis is defined as:

inflammation of the lymph glands

The medical term cellulitis means:

inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by infection

INFLAMMATORY

inflammation, the body's response to either invading foreign substances or to direct injury of body tissue

Redness, swelling, and heat are characteristic of _____ tumors.

inflammatory

eczema (aka dermatitis)

inflammatory skin disease with erythematous, papulovesciular, or papalsoquamous lesions.

pyoderma

inflammatory, purulent bacterial dermatitis

The collection of stationary lymph tissue in the groin region is comprised of?

inguinal nodes

albinism

inherited deficiency or absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes caused by an abnormality in melanin production

burns

injury to tissues caused by heat contact

Connection of muscle to the bone that moves:

insertion

Core needle biopsy

insertion of a large-bore needle into tissue to remove a core of cells for microscopic examination

Iron deficiency anemia

insufficient iron production to synthesize hemoglobin

Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas?

insulin

Which of the following is classified as an endocrine hormone?

insulin

IGRT

intensity-modulated gated radiation therapy-use of imaging mechanism attached to linear accelerator is added to IMRT to gate (track) a tumor moving during respiration

IMRT

intensity-modulated radiation therapy-high doses of radiation are delivered directly to cancer cells in a targeted way, more precisely than in conventional radiotherapy

Fluid in the spaces between the cells is

interstitial fluid

IORT

intraoperative radiation therapy

Which is an element that is present in thyroxine?

iodine

Adenocarcinoma

is a cancerous tumor arising from glandular cells.

Neuroblastoma

is a cancerous tumor derived from embryonic (immature) nerve tissue

lunula

is a semilunar (half-moon-shaped) whitish region at the base of the nail plate. (whitish in color)

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA

is a test to screen blood for antibodies to the AIDS virus

lesion

is an area of abnormal tissue anywhere on or in the body that may be caused by a disease or trauma

Histogenesis

is the identification of the type of tissue from which tumor cells arise. Identifying the type of tissue (hist/o) from which tumor cells arise (-genesis) is histogenesis. The three major groups of tissue are carcinomas, sarcomas, and mixed-tissue tumors.

whitehead (aka closed comedo)

is when a pore becomes completely blocked

What statement is true about lung cancer?

it is the leading cause of cancer death in men and women

pruritus

itching

pruritus means

itching

Brian's father takes him to the pediatrician for pruritic, scaly patches with minute vesicles and papules. Brain's signs are __________.

itching, blisters, and slightly elevated skin lesions

Why is the pituitary the "master gland"?

its hormones affect other glands

A new father describes his baby as looking like a "pumpkin." The baby most likely:

jaundiced.

___________ sarcoma is a malignant condition associated with AIDS that arises from the lining of capillaries; it appears as dark purplish skin lesions

kaposi

A _____ is a hypertrophied, thickened scar that develops after trauma to the skin, such as a surgical incision.

keloid

Thickened scar:

keloid

A hard protein material found in the epidermis:

keratin

The hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails is _______.

keratin

The hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails is:

keratin

actinic keratosis

keratosis caused by overexposure to UV lig

Abnormal condition of ketones in the blood; complication of diabetes mellitus:

ketoacidosis

Humpback:

kyphosis

Hypochromic means

lacking color

Paul is scheduled to have his gallbladder removed via the insertion of a specialized endoscope through a small abdominal incision. This procedure is called a _____scopic _____ectomy.

laparo, cholecyst

Linear accelerator

large electronic device that produces high-energy x-ray beams for treatment of deep-seated tumors

linear accelerator

large electronic device that produces high-energy x-ray beams for treatment of deep-seated tumors

During _______, a lighted flexible endoscope is passed through the mouth or nose into the larynx

laryngoscopy

The parathyroid glands are located nearest what structure?

larynx

The voice box is also known as the:

larynx

leukoplakia

lesion that has a tendency to become cancerous, evolving into squamous cell carcinoma.-> white patches or plaque on tongue or cheek

keloid

lesion that results from excessive collagen formation in skin during tissue repair after trauma

Harold, 55 years of age, has smoked since he was 17. He presents to his physician with white, thickened patches on the mucous membranes of the tongue and cheek. The likely diagnosis of Harold's skin neoplasm is ________.

leukoplakia

The term for the condition of thick, white patches found on the tongue and other mucous membranes is:

leukoplakia

White patches on a mucous membrane of tongue or cheek

leukoplakia

Mr. Ayers' physician warns him that his _______, the large organ in the right upper quadrant of his abdomen, is not producing bile as efficiently as it normally should.

liver

Which of the following is not a lymphoid organ of the immune system?

liver

The right lung has three _____, whereas the left lung has _____

lobes, two

"vitiligo" is

localized (patchy) areas of loss of skin pigmentation

vitiligo

localized loss of skin pigment (depigmentation) -autoimmune disease characterized by milt white patches surrounded by areas of normal pigmentation

Necrosis

localized tissue death that occurs in groups of cells in response to disease or injury.

-lysis

loosening

Onycholysis

loosening of the nail plate with separation from the nail bed

Anaplasia, Dedifferentiation

loss of differentiation of cells; reversion to a more primitive cell type

anaplasia

loss of differentiation of cells; reversion to a more primitive cell type

dedifferentiation

loss of differentiation of cells; reversion to a more primitive, embryonic cell type; anaplasia or undifferentiation

Dedifferentiation, Anaplasia

loss of differentiation of cells; reversion to a more primitive, embryonic cell type; anaplasia or undifferentiation Characterized by loss of differentiation and reversion to a more primitive form Here, a stomach cell no longer looks or acts like a stomach cell, but instead is more primitive in both form and function.

vitiligo

loss of pigment (depigmentation) in areas of the skin (milk-white patches)

Electron beams

low-energy beams of radiation for treatment of skin or surface tumors

electron beams

low-energy beams of radiation for treatment of skin or surface tumors

Pulmonary means pertaining to the:

lung

What is the removal of lung tissue for the purpose of microscopic examination?

lung biopsy

What is the half-moon-shaped white area at the base of the nail called?

lunula

what is the crescent shaped half moon on our nails called and what is it

lunula, makes the site of nail growth

lymph/o

lymph

The tiniest lymphatic vessels are the

lymph capillaries

A condition of localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system is

lymphedema

A ___________ is a large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body

macrophage

monocytes that have moved into the tissue to clear away dead cells and debris when infection.

macrophages

Which imaging procedure is useful for detecting mediastinal tumors, such as those seen with Hodgkin disease?

magnetic resonance imaging

basal cell carcinoma

malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis

squamous cell carcinoma

malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis

kaposi sarcoma

malignant, vascular, neoplastic growth characterized by cutaneous nodules

X-ray examination of the breast is:

mammography

Ple/o

many, more

-oma

mass, tumor Example: myoma, a common, benign fibroid tumor of the uterine muscle.

Adenoids (pharangeal tonsils)

masses of lymphatic tissue behind the nasal cavity

exudate

means fluid that accumulates

Neoplasm

means new growth and refers to either benign or malignant tumors. new growth; benign or malignant tumor

purulent

means pus-filled

rubeola

measles

The region between the lungs in the chest cavity is the:

mediastinum

tinea pedis

medical term for athlete's foot (caused by a fungus)

tinea corporis

medical term for ring worm (caused by a fungus)

Thyroid and breast tumors may be ______, meaning they are large, soft, and fleshy.

medullary

Malignant ________oma is a cancerous growth composed of melanocytes.

melan

The ______ in our skin determines the color of the skin and protects the body from ultraviolet light.

melanin

When compared to someone with very light skin, a person with dark skin has more:

melanin

Cell in the basal layer of the epidermis that contains black pigment

melanocyte

Which type of cell contained in the epidermis produces a pigment that protects the skin against ultraviolet (UV) sunrays?

melanocyte

What skin disorder is often life threatening?

melanoma

Mets

metastases

modality

method of treatment, such as surgery, chemotherapy or irradiation

Modality

method of treatment, such as surgery, chemotherapy, or irradiation

Surgical procedures to treat cancer

methods of removing cancerous tissue; cryosurgery, cauterization, en bloc resection, excisional biopsy, exenteration, fulguration, incisional biopsy

nevus

mole-> hyper pigmented area of skin

Mary is diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma, and her physician recommends _____________ for treatment. This treatment consists of lab-produced antibodies linked to a specific toxin being delivered directly to the tumor cells.

monoclonal antibodies

MoAB

monoclonal antibody

The study of the shape of cells is called

morphology

Dr. Gorman removed Mrs.Jakob's malignant tumor and told her that it was filled with thick, sticky fluid. The term for the gross description of the tumor is:

mucinous

Mucos/o

mucous membrane

A malignant tumor of bone marrow cells associated with high levels of one of the immunoglobulins, usually IgG, is called

multiple myloma

Once environmentally caused changes in DNA are established in a cell, they are passed on to daughter cells. These inheritable changes, or _____ , can lead to malignant growth.

mutations

Granulocytes are formed in red bone marrow or, _________ tissue

myeloid

Pertaining to heart muscle:

myocardial

Advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood:

myxedema

onych/o

nail

ungu/o

nail

onych/o ; ungu/o

nails

The entrances to the nasal passageway are the:

nares

Genetic ability to fight off disease is:

natural immunity

death:

necr/o

BONE MARROW BIOPSY

needle aspiration of a small amount of bone marrow followed by examination under a microscope

Neur/o

nerve

A(n) _______oma is a cancerous tumor derived from embryonic nerve tissue.

neuroblast

NF

neurofibrosis

moles

nevi or nevus are the medical terms for ____

The medical term meaning a mole or circumscribed malformation of the skin that is usually brown, black, or flesh-colored is:

nevus

Neo-

new

neo-

new

NEOPLASM

new growth

neoplasm

new growth; benign or malignant tumor

What medical treatment is effective because of the absorption function of the skin?

nicotine patch

Papill/o

nipple-like

NED

no evidence of disease

NHL

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue is

non-hodgkin lymphoma

NSCLC

non-small cell lung cancer

benign tumor

noncancerous growth (neoplasm)

Benign tumor

noncancerous growth (neoplasm) Noncancerous and therefore not a direct threat to life Treatment may eventually be required for health or cosmetic reasons.

Who would have the greatest likelihood of developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus?

obese adult

Sometimes a narrowing or blockage of the upper airway can cause ______ sleep apnea

obstructive

sebum

oily substance that lubricates the skin

epi-

on, upon, over

A piece of DNA whose activation is associated with the conversion of a normal cell into a cancerous cell is a(n):

oncogene

The prefix mono- means

one or single

Separation of the nail plate from the nail bed in fungal infections is __________.

onycholysis

ulcer

open sore on the skin or mucous membranes (deeper than an erosion)

A(n) ____________ infection is a disease caused by lowered body resistance, which allows infection by bacteria and parasites that are normally easily contained

opportunistic

Connection of muscle to a stationary bone:

origin

Keratogenic means...

originating in horny tissue

When Melanie has her tonsils removed, the surgery will take place in her _______pharynx.

oro

The second division of the pharynx between the soft palate and upper edge of the epiglottis is the:

oropharynx

Which of the following glands produces estrogen?

ovary

If your body produced too much thyrotropin, you would have an:

overactive thyroid gland

All of the following are functions of cilia except:

oxygenating

When doctors which induce to labor, a pregnant woman is give pitocin, a synthetic form of what pituitary hormone?

oxytocin

Which endocrine gland is also an exocrine gland?

pancreas

_______ refers o the deficient production of all cellular elements of the blood

pancytopenia

Pap smear

papanicolaou smear

Elias's sense of taste is assessed by testing the response of the ______, the small elevations on his tongue.

papillae

The small raised areas on the tongue that contain the taste buds are called:

papillae

dermis consists of 2 layers, what are they

papillary layer and reticular layer

Solid elevation of the skin (pimple):

papule

pustule

papule containing pus

Air containing cavity in the bones near the nose is the:

paranasal sinus

Which hormone regulates calcium in the blood and bones?

parathyroid hormone

Receiving nutrition through a site other than the digestive system or alimentary canal is called ___________ nutrition.

parenteral

The soft tissue surrounding the nail border is called ________.

paronychium

remission

partial or complete disappearance of symptoms of a disease

Remission

partial or complete disappearance of symptoms of disease Partial or complete disappearance of the characteristics of a chronic or malignant disease

PR

partial response-tumor is one-half its original size

PTT stands for

partial thomboplastin time

In a ____ test, an allergen-treated piece of gauze or filter paper is applied to the skin to see if it produces a reaction

patch

In a _______ test, an allergen-treated piece of gauze or filter paper is applied to the skin to see if it produces a reaction.

patch

Genetic screening

patients and family members are tested to determine whether they have inherited a cancer-causing gene

The combining form that means chest:

pector/o

Gross examination of the benign polyp in Mr. Devine's colon revealed it extended from a stem; the term for this description is:

pedunculated

Granuloctyo_____ is a deficiency in the total number of basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophil

penia

An ulcer in the lining of the stomach or duodenum is a _______ ulcer.

peptic

Tapping the body with the fingertips to determine the size, borders, and density of an internal organ is called:

percussion

The _____ holds the tooth in place in the tooth socket.

periodontal membrane

PSCT

peripheral stem cell transplantation

Evan has healthy ________, which is the name for the involuntary, rhythmic contractions that move a bolus of food through the GI tract.

peristalsis

subcutaneus means...

pertaining to beneath the skin

CYSTIC

pertaining to or containing cysts

MEDULLARY

pertaining to the medulla or an organ

Ungual means...

pertaining to the nail

The "P" in DPT stands for:

pertussis

_____ is a highly contagious upper respiratory infection characterized by sudden coughing and a whooping inhalation

pertussis

Finger or toe bones:

phalanges

What structure is a passageway for both food and air?

pharynx

The combining form that means voice:

phon/o

Mineral substance in bone:

phosphorus

Viral oncogenes

pieces of DNA from viruses that infect a normal cell and cause it to become malignant

cellular oncogenes

pieces of DNA that, when activated by mutations or by dislocation, can cause a normal cell to become malignant

nevus (aka nevi)

pigmented lesion of the skin

A nevus is a(n) ________.

pigmented skin lesion

A hair-containing cyst found in the sacral region of the back is called a _________ cyst

pilonidal

The combination of the hair follicle and the attached sebaceous gland is called __________.

pilosebaceous unit

phyt/o

plant

Neo_____ means new growth and refers to either benign or malignant tumors.

plasm

The test that determines the number of clotting cells per cubic millimeter of blood

platelet count

The double folded membrane surrounding each lung is called the:

pleura

Asbestosis is a form of:

pneumoconiosis

The medical term for the collection of air in the pleural space is:

pneumothorax

The normal formation of blood cells in the bone marrow is called hemato_____

poiesis

in some anemias, irregularly shaped blood cells are formed, a condition known as_____

poikilocytosis

Which condition is characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells?

polycythemia vera

Pain of many muscles:

polymyalgia

Benign growth extending from the surface of a mucous membrane is a ________.

polyp

Benign growth extending from the surface of a mucous membrane is a:

polyp

Mushroom-like growth extending from the surface of a mucous membrane

polyp

Polyp/o

polyp Example: colonic polyps, polyps in the colonic mucosa, usually benign but sometimes preneoplastic.

Colonic polyps

polyps in the colonic mucosa, usually benign but sometimes preneoplastic.

The combining form tox/o means:

posion

Pedunculated

possessing a stem or stalk (peduncle); characteristic of some polypoid tumors

pedunculated

possessing a stem or stalk; characteristic of some polypoid tumors

kal/i is a combining form for which substance?

potassium

cellular oncogenes

potentially cancer-inducing genes that under normal conditions function in the growth and proliferation of cells but when altered in some way by a cancer-causing agent may cause the cells to be transformed to a malignant state.

Actinic keratosis is a _________.

precancerous lesion caused by overexposure to UV rays

Odd as it may seem, Alexis has the same ridges, or ________, on her palate as she has in her stomach.

rugae

angiogenesis

process of forming new blood vessels

LAPARSCOPY

process of visually examining the contents of the abdomen (using an endoscope)

diaphor/o

profuse sweating

PD

progressive disease-tumor increases in size

PSA

prostate-specific antigen

electrophoresis is a test that detects and differentiates abnormal levels of specific antibodies

protease inhibitors

-phylaxis

protection

CA-125

protein marker for ovarion cancer detected in the blood

Prot.

protocol

PSRS

proton stereotactic radiosurgery

itching:

pruritus

Chronic recurrent dermatosis with silvery gray scales covering red patches in skin:

psoriasis

Sarah, 21, goes to see the dermatologist for recurring itching and redness on her elbows. The dermatologist also notes scaly patches covered by silvery gray scales. The dermatologist diagnosed Sarah's skin disorders as __________.

psoriasis

Your friend has developed a patch of red skin that is covered by silver scales. What is it?

psoriasis

Localized area of pus formation in the lungs:

pulmonary abscess

PFT is the abbreviation for:

pulmonary function test

In a ______ biopsy, a surgical instrument removes a core of tissue by rotation of its sharp, circular edge.

punch

In a _________ biopsy, a surgical instrument removes a core of tissue by rotation of its sharp, circular edge.

punch

Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin

purpura

exudates

purulent material within pustules

py/o

pus

purulent

pus filled

RT

radiation therapy

RT, XRT

radiation therapy

Mr. Jeeters, 38, had stage I Hodgkin disease. Treatment with extensive external radiation eradicated the disease; therefore, this type of tumor is called:

radiocurable

This diagnostic procedure involves the intravenous injection of radioactive substances to reveal abnormalities.

radionuclide scan

The wrinkles or ridges on the roof of the mouth are called:

rugae

Brachytherapy

radiotherapy that uses insertion of sealed containers into body cavities or radioactive seeds directly into the tumor Brachytheraphy involves the placement of radioactive sources, such as seeds, needles, or catheters, in contact with or implanted into the tumor tissues to be treated for a specific period. Placement of radioactive sources in contact with or implanted into the tumor tissues to be treated for a specific period

brachytherapy

radiotherapy that uses insertion of sealed containers into body cavities or radioactive seeds directly into the tumor

Crackling sounds heard during inspiration when the alveoli are filled with secretions are called:

rales

kapossi sarcoma

rare cutaneous malignancy until its appearance in association with AIDS

exanthematous viral diseases

rash (exanthem) of the skin due to a viral infection

Radi/o

rays

The combining form radi/o means:

rays or x-rays

Relapse

recurrence of tumor after treatment

relapse

recurrence of tumor after treatment

erythr/o

red

purpura

red or purple discoloration seen on the surface of the skin caused by bleeding under the skin

erythem/o

redness

erythemat/o

redness

erythem/o or erythemat/o

redness of skin

oncogene

region of DNA in tumor cells (cellular ____) or in viruses that cause cancer (viral ____) . These are designated by a three-letter name, such as abl, erb, jun, myc, ras and src

ONCOGENE

region of DNA in tumor cells or in viruses that cause cancer

palliative

relieving but not curing symptoms

PALLIATIVE

relieving symptoms, but not curative

Paul is receiving chemotherapy for his leukemia. Most likely, he will continue to receive chemotherapy until signs of the disease are absent; that is, until he achieves a:

remission

Debridement

removing damaged tissue

Mitosis

replication of cells; a stage in a cell's life cycle involving the production of two identical cells from a parent cell

Enbloc

rescetion of large area around tumor.

The process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the body and its environment through the movement of air in and out of the lungs is:

respiration

RT is the abbreviation for

reverse transcriptase

The drug that treats AIDS by blocking reverse transcriptase, an enzyme needed to make copies of HIV, is

reverse transcriptease inhibitor

RNA

ribonucleic acid

The vessel that receives lymph from the upper right part of the body is the

right lymphatic duct

The pediatrician suspects tinea corporis. The common term for tinea is _______.

ringworm

Tinea

ringworm

tinea

ringworm -> fungal infection of the skin that may affect the stratum corneum, the hair, or the nails.

eosin/o

rosy

With spheroctytosis, cells are

rounded

Pleural ______ is the scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other

rub

Cyst/o

sac of fluid Bladder, cyst, sac Example: dermoid cysts, tumors, derived from embryonal tissues, consisting of a fibrous wall lined with epithelium and a cavity containing fatty material, hair, teeth, bits of bone, and cartilage.

hair follicle

sac within which each hair grows

bacterial analyses

samples of skin are examined for presence of microorganisms

Osteo_____ is a malignant tumor of bone.

sarcoma

A contagious parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus is _________.

scabies

squam-

scale

squam/o

scale-like

The medical term cicatrix refers to a:

scar

cicatrix

scar tissue that develops during the process of normal healing

curettage

scarping lesions away using a scoop shaped tool called a curette

A chronic progressive disease of the skin and internal organs with hardening and shrinking of connective tissue is _________.

scleroderma

Connective tissue in the skin hardens:

scleroderma

abrasian

scraping away of skin

Jay's pediatrician ordered fungal tests and started him on fungicidal medication. Later, the results of the fungal tests confirmed the diagnosis. Fungal tests are performed by _________.

scraping the lesions and placing the cells on a growth medium

Two skin tests for allergic reaction are _____ and ______.

scratch test, patch test

seb/o-

sebum

what is the oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands?

sebum

seb/o

sebum (oily secretion from sebaceous glands)

Which is a description of gonadotropins?

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

auto-

self

SCID stands for:

sever combined immunodeficiency disease

In a _____ biopsy, tissue is removed using a cut parallel to the surface of the surrounding skin.

shave

In a ______ biopsy, tissue is removed using a cut parallel to the surface of the surrounding skin.

shave

Brachy-

short (distance) Example: brachydactyly, a condition in which fingers or toes are abnormally short.

a "pustule" is

similar to a vesicle; Instead of serous fluid, however, pustules contain purulent material, or pus

The combining form cutane/o means _________.

skin

cutane/o

skin

cutane/o- derm/o- dermat/o-

skin

derm/o

skin

dermat/o

skin

Basal cell and squamous cell are types of:

skin cancer

exanthem

skin eruption or rash accompanied by infection

macule

small flat discoloration lesion less than a centimeter in diameter ex Freckles and flat moles

Follicul/o

small glandular sacs

petechiae

small pinpoint hemorrhages

Alveol/o

small sac

papule

small solid raised skin lesion that is less than 1 cm in diameter

petechiae (aka petechia)

small, pinpoint hemorrhage (associated with purpura)

corn

smooth thick mass that develops from the epidermis of the feet and toes and that develops a hard whitish core ( caused by constant friction and pressure)

wheal

smooth, edematous (swollen) papule or plaque that is redder or paler than the surrounding skin (i.e. mosquito bite)

wheal

smooth, edematous (swollen), irregularly shaped, solid elevation of the skin ex insect bite

electrolyte:

sodium

paronychium

soft tissue around the nail border

Medull/o

soft, inner part

-malacia

softening

Onychomalacia is

softening of the nails

nodule

solid, round or oval elevated lesion 1 cm or more in diameter

A teenage athlete who wants to grow bigger and taller might be foolish enough to take what pituitary hormone?

somatotropin

differentiation

specialization of cells

Differentiation

specialization of cells When cells or tissues are modified and altered to achieve specific physical forms, physiological functions, and chemical properties For example, a cell destined to be a stomach cell has developed into looking like and functioning like a stomach cell.

An instrument that measures and records the volume of inhaled and exhaled air is a:

spirometer

The combining form splen/o means

spleen

splen/o

spleen

METASTASIS

spread of a malignant tumor from its original site to a new or distant location

metastasis

spread of a malignant tumor to a secondary site; literally, beyond control

Metastasis, metastasize

spread of malignant tumor to a secondary site; literally, beyond (meta-) control (-stasis) When tumor cells move from the primary location of a cancer and establish remote colonies Because malignant tumors have no enclosing capsule, cells may escape, become emboli, and be transported by the lymphatic circulation or the bloodstream to implant in lymph nodes and other organs far from the primary tumor.

This keratinized layer of skin functions as a protective barrier against outside elements.

squamous epithelium

SD

stable disease-tumor does not shrink but does not grow

The extent of spread of the tumor within the body is called its:

stage

Immunohistochemical

staining is widely used in the diagnosis of abnormal cells such as those found in cancerous tumors.

The combining form that means fat

steat/o

As a result of her acute episode of pancreatitis, Mrs. Dunlap was unable to absorb fat properly. This malabsorption leads to ____rrhea.

steato

Fatty mass within a sebaceous gland:

steatoma

whats the most superficial layer of the epidermis called

stratum corneum or squamous epithelium

whats the deepest layer of the epidermis called

stratum germinativum

A high pitched sound produced by the larynx or pharynx on inspiration is:

stridor

pharmacokinetics

study of the distribution in and the removal of drugs from the body over time in humans and animals

The presence of cellulite can be attributed to what layer of the skin?

subcutaneous

Which layer of the skin most protects the deeper tissues of the body and acts as a heat insulator?

subcutaneous

SC

subcutaneous (abbreviation)

what layer of the skin is this describing:a spongy, porous layer with a rich blood supply and a wealth of fat-producing cells.

subcutaneous tissue

skin test

substances are injected intradermally or applied to the skin, and results are observed

biological response modifiers

substances produced by normal cells that either directly block tumor growth or stimulate the immune system to fight cancer

Pertaining to under a nail

subungual

Act of turning the palm upward:

supination

T cells that serve a regulatory function for specific immune responses by stopping the immune response when an antigen has been destroyed are

suppressor T cells

A tracheostomy is the:

surgical creation of an opening into the trachea

Dermabrasion

surgical procedure for removing scars

dermabrasian

surgical procedure for removing scars

encapsulated

surrounded by a capsule; benign tumors are ____

Encapsulated

surrounded by a capsule; benign tumors are this (the term)

skin biopsy

suspected malignant skin lesions are removed and examined microscopically by a pathologist

phag/o

swallow

hidr/o

sweat

hidr/o-

sweat

alkylating agents

synthetic chemicals containing alkyl groups that attack DNA, causing strand breaks

staging of tumors

system of evaluating the extent of spread of tumors. An example is the TNM system (tumor-node-metastasis)

SLE

systematic lupus erythematosus -> chronic inflammatory disease of the connective tissue that affects the skin, joints, kidneys, nervous system, and mucous membranes

Chronic inflammatory disease affecting skin (red rash on the face), kidneys, heart, and lungs as well as joints:

systemic lupus erythematosus

lupus

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is also known as

A chronic inflammatory disease of collagen in the skin, joints, and internal organs is called ________, which is abbreviated ___.

systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE

cirrh/o

tawny yellow

The combining form that means complete:

tel/o

"Pallor" means

temporary paleness

pilosebaceous unit

term for the combination of the hair follicle and the attached sebaceous gland.

BETA-HCG-TEST

test for the presence of a portion of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (a marker for testicular cancer)

Cryocauterization

the application of any substance, such as solid carbon dioxide, that destroys tissue by freezing.

stratum corneum is sometimes called....

the barrier layer of the skin because of the protective function it performs

Telemetry

the electronic transmission of data between distant points, such as the transmission of cardiac monitoring data.

Mutagenesis

the induction or occurrence of a genetic mutation.

decubitus ulcers

the medical term for bedsores is _____

eccrine sweat glands

the most common type of sweat gland is _____

sebum

the sebaceous glands found in the dermis layer of the skin produce an oily substance called ____ which serves to lubricate the skin

integumentary system

the skin and its accessory structures (hair, nails, and glands) make up the ____ system

integumentary system

the skin and its accessory structures such as hair and nails

Pathogenesis

the source or cause of an illness or abnormal condition.

Dermatology means...

the study of skin

freckles, tattoo marks, and flat moles

the three examples of a macule are ____, _____, and ______

Curettage is __________.

the use of a sharp instrument to scrape away a skin lesion

sweat glands

these glands found in the dermis layer of the skin produce a watery secretion that serves to cool the body by means of evaporation

sebaceous glands

these glands found in the dermis layer of the skin produce sebum, an oily secretion used to lubricate the skin

What do cryptococcal infection, cytomegalovirus infection, histoplasmosis, and pneumocystis have in common?

they are AIDS-related opportunistic infections

subcutaneous layer

thick, fat-containing tissue that is the deepest layer of the skin

cyst

thick-walled, closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material

keratosis

thickened and rough lesion of the epidermis; associated with aging or skin damage

keratosis

thickened, rough lesion of the epidermis associated with aging or skin damage, an abnormal condition (-osis) in which a lesion develops as a result of excessive growth and thickening or hardening (kerat/o) of the epidermis.

Mohs surgery

thin layers of malignant tissue are removed, and each slice is examined under a microscope to check for adequate extent of the resection

first-degree burns

this degree of burns are superficial epidermal lesions, erythema, hyperesthesia, and no blisters form

bulla

this is a large vesicle

blackhead (aka open comedo)

this is a sebum plug partially blocking the pore

xerosis

this is very dry skin

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space is:

thoracentesis

The large lymphatic vessel that receives lymph from the lower portion of the body and from the left side of the body above the diaphragm is the

thoracic duct

Mr. Matthew's surgeon had perform a _______ in order to do a lung biopsy

thoracotomy

The combining form pharyng/o means:

throat

per-

through

Larger of the two lower leg bones:

tibia

Eccrine glands are ___________.

tiny, coiled structures located throughout the dermis

Sudoriferous glands are:

tiny, coiled, tubular structures that secrete sweat

electrodesiccation

tissue is destroyed by burning with an electric spark

electrodesiccation

tissue within a small, well-defined border is destroyed by burning with an electric spark.

-supression

to stop

The medical term for windpipe:

trachea

The windpipe is also called the:

trachea

What structure connects the larynx to the bronchi?

trachea

During a colonoscopy, a polyp was found in Mr. Divers' ________ colon, the part of his colon that passes horizontally to the left toward the spleen.

transverse

Mr. Cawein is informed that his diverticulitis is caused by ________.

trapping of undigested food or bacteria in a diverticulum

Radiotherapy

treatment of tumors using doses of radiation; radiation oncology

radiotherapy

treatment of tumors using doses of radiation; radiation oncology

chemotherapy

treatment with drugs

-therapy

treatment, medical care Example: chemotherapy, the treatment of cancer, infectious diseases, and other diseases with chemical agents.

Fungal infection

trichomycosis

Which diagnostic test involves the introduction of a purified protein derivative (PPD)?

tuberculin test

_______ is an infectious disease caused by rod shaped bacteria called bacilli and usually involves the lungs

tuberculosis

Solid tumor

tumor composed of a mass of cells

solid tumor

tumor composed of a mass of cells

Malignant tumor

tumor having the characteristics of continuous growth, invasiveness, and metastasis Tending to become worse and to cause death When used specifically regarding cancer, it means anaplastic, invasive, and metastatic.

Radiosensitive tumor

tumor in which radiation can cause the death of cells without serious damage to surrounding tissue

Radiocurable tumor

tumor that is completely destroyed by radiation therapy; early hodgkin lymphoma is an example

radiocurable tumor

tumor that is destroyed by radiation therapy

radioresistant tumor

tumor that requires large doses of radiation to be destroyed

Radioresistant tumor

tumor that survives large doses of radiation

One of the most common staging systems is referred to as TNM, which stands for:

tumor, nodes, metastases

VERRUCOUS

tumor, whose growth pattern, resembles a wart

Mixed-tissue tumors

tumors composed of different types of tissue (epithelial as well as connective tissue)

mixed-tissue tumors

tumors composed of different types of tissue (epithelial as well as connective tissue)

Dermoid cysts

tumors, derived from embryonal tissues, consisting of a fibrous wall lined with epithelium and a cavity containing fatty material, hair, teeth, bits of bone, and cartilage.

Lacking structures typical of mature cells is:

undifferentiated

Nucleotide

unit of DNA (gene) composed of a sugar, phosphate, and a base; the sequence or arrangement of nucleotides on a gene is the genetic code

nucleotide

unit of DNA composed of sugar, phosphate and a base. The sequence or arrangement of these units on a gene is the genetic code

Gray (Gy)

unit of absorbed radiation dose

gray (Gy)

unit of absorbed radiation dose

Epi-

upon

The medical term for hives is

urticaria

_________ is an acute allergic skin reaction in which red, round wheals develop.

urticaria

hives

urticaria is also known as

curettage

use of a sharp dermal curette to scrape away a skin lesion

Molecularly targeted therapy

use of drugs to attack specific targets (mutations) that drive cancer cell growth

Combination chemotherapy

use of several chemotherapeutic agents together for the treatment of tumors

combination chemotherapy

use of several chemotherapeutic agents together for the treatment of tumors

cryosurgery

use of subfreezing temperature achieved with liquid nitrogen application to destroy tissue

biological therapy

use of the body's own defenses to destroy tumor cells

The small, fleshy mass dangling from the center of the soft palate is the:

uvula

Introduction of a modified toxin to produce an immune response and protection against disease is

vaccination

VEGF

vascular endothelial growth factor

gross description of tumors

visual appearance of tumors to the naked eye; cystic, fungating, inflammatory, medullary, necrotic, polypoid, ulcerating and verrucous tumors

Gross description of tumors

visual appearance of tumors to the naked eye; cystic, fungating, inflammatory, medullary, necrotic, polypoid, ulcerating, or verrucous

An epidermal growth caused by a virus is called a wart or ___________.

verruca

wart

verruca is the medical term for a ___

Circumscribed collection of clear fluid (blister)

vesicle

Which test measures the amount of AIDS virus (HIV) in the bloodstream?

viral load test

Muscle connected to internal organs:

visceral

Fiberoptic colonoscopy

visual examination of the colon using a fiberoptic instrument

An autoimmune disease characterized by milk-white patches surrounded by area of normal pigmentation is _________.

vitiligo

leukoderma

vitiligo is synonymous to ______

verruca

wart -> benign tumor of the epidermal layer of the skin caused by papilloma virus

The excretory function of the skin allows the body to eliminate excess:

water and heat

erosion

wearing away or loss of epidermis

purpura

when there is a combination of petechiae and ecchymoses it is then referred to as ____

albin/o

white

albin/o (Latin) ; leuk/o (Greek)

white

leuk/o

white

leukoplakia

white, thickened patches on mucous membrane tissue of the tongue or cheek (evolves to squamous cell carcinoma)

closed comedo

whiteheads are also known as ____

intra-

within

intradermal means...

within the skin

rhytid/o

wrinkle

rhytid/o-

wrinkles

Yellow skin or jaundice

xanthoderma

jaund/o

yellow

lute/o

yellow

xanth/o

yellow


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