Cell Biology Chapter 2: Pre-Lecture Assignment

Substances that release protons when they dissolve in water are termed ________ and result in a pH (higher/lower) than 7.

-Acids -Lower

What are the three main parts of an ATP molecule?

-Three phosphate groups -Ribose -Adenine

Which molecules have the greatest affinity? Why?

A and D. They are similar in shape, so they stay bound together for more time.

What is a negatively charged ion called?

Anion

How do protein, nucleic acid, and polysaccharide molecules polymerize (grow in length)?

By condensation reactions

How are covalent bonds in the cell rapidly broken?

By enzyme catalysis that is specific between protein and substrate.

Which four elements make up 96% of the weight of living organisms?

Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen.

Which chemical group is found on all amino acids?

Carboxylic acid group

What is positively charged ion called?

Cation

Which atom is mostly likely to participate in an ionic bond? Carbon, with four valence electrons, phosphorous, with five valance electrons, or chlorine, with seven valence electrons? Why?

Chlorine, because it can easily accept one electron.

What type of bond is formed when two atoms share electrons?

Covalent bond

(True/false) Steroids contain sugars.

False

Carbon, which has four electrons in its outer shell, can form a maximum of how many covalent bonds with other atoms?

Four

What type of reaction is the reverse of a condensation reaction?

Hydrolysis

________ bonding is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms and is a type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions.

Ionic

Hydrophilic molecules (mix/don't mix) with water.

Mix

Guanosine triphosphate is a subunit of which macromolecule? Polysaccharide, protein or nucleic acid?

Nucleic acid

Which bond term describes a covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally?

Polar

Glucose is a subunit of which macromolecule? Polysaccharide, protein or nucleic acid?

Polysaccharide

Alanine is a subunit of which macromolecule? Polysaccharide, protein or nucleic acid?

Protein

What reaction involving ATP releases a large amount of energy?

The release of the terminal phosphate group.

(True/false) ATP is a crucially important energy carrier in cells.

True