Cell Biology
Membrane functions:
• Gap junctions - cell to cell interaction • Signal detection • Boundary and permeability barrier • Transport
A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the development of: A. the nucleus. B. DNA. C. plasma membranes. D. photosynthetic capability.
A
In a bacterial cell, the DNA is in the: A. Nucleoid (cytoplasm) B. Cell membrane C. Cell envelope D. Nucleus
A
The cell RER - Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Has ribosome, make new proteins and membranes
The cell Lysosomes?
Have digestive enzymes, that break down things and kill bacteria
Eukaryotes Absorption
Ingestion & photosynthesis
The cell Vacuoles?
Large membranous sacs that store things. Vesicles are smaller.
Eukaryotes Single or linear DNA
Linear DNA
Prokaryotes Singular or linear DNA
Linear DNA
What six characteristics distinguish living organisms from inanimate objects?
Living organisms (1) are chemically complex and highly organized; (2) extract, transform, and use energy from their environment; (3) have the capacity to precisely self-replicate and self-assemble; (4) exploit a chemical interplay with their environment; (5) possess programmatically defined functions; and (6) evolve to new forms over many generations.
Eukaryotes Binary fission or mitosis
Mitosis
Prokaryotes Cytoskeleton
No
Prokaryotes Intracellular movement
No
Prokaryotes Mitochondria
No
Prokaryotes Organelles or no
No organelles
The cell SER - Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
No ribosomes, form transport vesicles
The cell Nucleus is surrounded by ?
Nuclear membrane
Eukaryotes Organelles or no
Organelles
The cell Golgi apparatus?
Package things that go outside the cell. e.g. hormones
Which transport ? The channel
Passive transport
What do you know about cells? - Golgi apparatus
Receives vesicles from rest of cell. These are then secreted sometimes after modification
The cell Little grains floating around?
Ribosomes
What do you know about cells? - Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Synthesis of lipids and some steroids. Also, detoxification
The cell Protective outer layer?
The plasma membrane
What do you know about cells? - Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Transport system in cytoplasm, collects, stores, packages and transports proteins made by the ribosomes.
T/F Prokaryotic cells came before eukaryotic cells
True
Eukaryotes Small or large?
large
Which transport ? the pump
Active transport
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. What do they have in its place ? A. Nucleolus B. Nucleoid region C. Deoxyribonucleic acid D. Chromatin E. Nuclear envelope
B
What do you know about cells? - Nucleus
Contains DNA
The cell Inside liquid?
Cytoplasm
The cell Nucleus?
DNA
What do you know about cells? - Lysosomes
Digests micro-molecules, old cell parts, and micro-organelles
A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the development of: A. DNA B. Photosynthetic capability C. Plasma membrane D. Ribosomes E. The nucleus
E
In eukaryotes, the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the: A. Cell membrane B. Nuclear envelope C. Nucleolus D. Nucleoplasm E. Nucleosome
E
Eukaryotes Intracellular movement
yes
Eukaryotes Mitochondria
yes
T/F Eukaryotic cells are simple, prokaryotic cells are complex
False
Which is a list of organelles? A. Mitochondria, chromatin, endoplasmic reticulum B. Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes C. Peroxisomes, lysosomes, plasma membrane D. Proteasomes, peroxisomes, lysosomes
B
Why is the membrane referred to as a fluid mosaic structure? A. Any fluid can easily move through the membrane and cannot be regulated? B. The components are able to move and are not held statically in place C. The membrane is often completely disrupted and flows freely, loosing its function
B
What is the plasma membrane composed of ? A. Phospholipid bilayer B. Phospholipid bilayer plus embedded proteins C. A single layer of phospholipids plus embedded proteins
B.
Prokaryotes binary fission or mitosis
Binary fission
The cell Mitochondria?
Break down sugar into ATP => energy. Contains its own DNA and ribosomes
A. Eukaryotic cells contain a plasma membrane and cytoplasm, but prokaryotic cells do not. B. Prokaryotic cells contain a nucleus and eukaryotic cells do not. C. Prokaryotic cells lack organelles, but eukaryotic cells possess organelles
C
In eukaryotes, the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the: A. Cell membrane B. Nucleus C. Nuclear envelope D. Nucleoplasm
C
What do you know about cells? - Plasmic membrane
Control what goes in and out of the cell
T/F Eukaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, prokaryotic cells do
False
T/F Prokaryotic cells are bigger than eukaryotic cells
False
Transport - Impermeable ? - Permeable ?
Impermeable: to most polar or charged solutes Permeable: to non-polar compounds ≈ lipophilic
What is the plasma membrane composed of ?
Phospholipid bilayer and embedded proteins
Prokaryotes Absorption
Photosynthesis
What do you know about cells? - Mitochondria
Site of creps cycle and ATP creation
What do you know about cells? - Ribosomes
Site the translation from mRNA to protein
Prokaryotes Small or large ?
Small
Endosymbiosis theory
The Endosymbiotic Theory states that the mitochondria and chloroplast in eukaryotic cells were once aerobic bacteria (prokaryote) that were ingested by a large anaerobic bacteria (prokaryote). This theory explains the origin of eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria is believed to contain DNA cause it once was a bacteria.
