cell reproduction and heredity Quiz

Describe what happens to chromosomes before mitosis.

Before mitosis, each chromosome duplicates itself.

Describe how DNA makes a copy of itself.

First, the DNA splits into strands. Then, new bases are paired with the original DNA and that is how DNA makes a copy of itself.

Explain the differences between a genotype and a phenotype. Give examples.

The genotype is the alleles present in the individual and the Phenotype is what you see. Dark green leaves are the phenotype. The genotypes would be GG and Gg.

Explain how the codes for proteins are carried from the nucleus to the ribosomes.

The messenger RNA carries the codes from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

Explain where sex cells form.

The sex cells are produced in the male and female reproductive organs.

Compare and contrast the two new cells formed after mitosis and cell division.

They are completely the same because their chromosomes are the same.

Identify two examples of asexual reproduction in many celled organisms.

Two examples of asexual reproduction in cell organisms are budding and regeneration.

Define mitosis. How does it differ in plants and animals?

When the cell is separating during the duplication, the plant cells have cell plates which tells you that the cytoplasm is being divided. But during Mitosis for animals it is different. An animal's cell looks like a string has been tied around the middle and is tightening until the cell releases into two cells.

If an organism expresses a recessive phenotype, can you tell the genotype? explain your answer by giving an example.

Yes because if the trait is recessive the phenotype has to have two recessive traits. This making the genotype also a recessive .The light green leaves only have that one genotype because it is recessive.

Why would't a horse breeder mate two palomino horses two get a palomino colt?

A breeder would want to breed a chestnut with a cremello horse to get a pure palomino horse. If he bread a palomino with palomino, the colt could get a chestnut, cremello or palamino.

Alelles are described as dominant or recessive? What is the difference between a dominant allele and a recessive allele?

A dominant allele is expressed if a recessive and dominant are paired. A recessive allele is expressed only if both alleles are the same recessive.

Using a punnet square, explain why males are affected more often than females by sex linked genetic disorders.

A male only has one X chromosomes while females have two.

Describe how a zygote is formed.

A zygote is the cell that forms when the sperm fertilizes the egg cell.

Compare the inheritance by multiple alleles and polygenic inheritance are the same.

Both result in many phenotypes.

Why is it important for the nuclear membrane to disintegrate during mitosis?

If the nuclear membrane didn't disintegrate, the chromosomes wouldn't be able to move to opposite ends of the cell.

Describe how dominant recessive alleles are represented in a Punnet square.

In Punnet squares the dominant and recessive alleles are represented by letters. Uppercase for dominant and lowercase for recessive.

What happens to chromosomes during anaphase 1 and anaphase 2.

In anaphase I, the chromatids do not separate through the centromeres. Instead, each chromosome pair gets separated. In anaphase II, the chromatids are split by the centromeres.

Gregor Mendel was named the "father of genetics". Why was he given this title?

Mendel was given this title because he was the one who figured out genetics first, and he could figure out the probability of certain traits passed down from different generations of plants. His work helped make genetics simpler, and more efficient with new ways of figuring out heredity.

Choose two genetic disorders and discuss how they are inherited.

One genetic disorder is Down syndrome, Down syndrome is obtained if a mistake in meiosis happens, making the number of chromosomes in the sex cell three times twenty-one. Another genetic disorder is Cystic Fibrosis, which is inherited by recessive genes. This happens if the two parents have a recessive gene for the disorder.

Plants grown from runners and leaf cuttings have the same trait as the parent plant. Plants grown from seeds can vary from the parent plants in many ways. Why can this happen?

Plants that are produced by asexual reproduction are the results of mitosis. Plants grown from seeds vary from their parents because seeds are produced by sexual reproduction.

A strand of DNA has the basses AGTAAC. Using letters, show a matching DNA strand.

TCATTG

Explain why a trait inherited by incomplete dominance is not a blend of two alleles.

The 2 alleles are still present in the offspring and can be passed on. Their DNA remains separate; it does not mix.

You begin as one cells. Compare the DNA in your brain cells to the DNA in your heart cells.

The DNA in brain cells is identical to the DNA in the same person's heart.

Determine how tRNA is used when cells build proteins.

tRNA, located in the cytoplasm, bring amino acids to the ribosomes. There, three bases from the mRNA match with the bases from the tRNA.