Ethics Exams 1

"We ought to stop at a red light, even if no cars are coming and I could get to my destination that much sooner." Identify the ethical approach that follows this line of thought.

Ethics of principles

Ethical decision making in business is limited to major corporate decisions with dramatic social consequences.

False

Ethical decisions cannot be made on economic grounds.

False

In a general sense, a business stakeholder is one who has made substantial financial investments in the business.

False

The first step in making decisions that are ethically responsible is to consider all of the people affected by a decision, the people often called stakeholders.

False

Utilitarianism has been called a virtue-based approach to ethics and social policy.

False

Utilitarians would object to child labor as a matter of principle.

False

________ ensure the integrity and proper functioning of the economic, legal, or financial systems.

Gatekeeper functions

In the ethical decision-making process, once one examines the facts and identifies the ethical issues involved, one should next ________.

Identify the stakeholders

Which of the following is the second step of the ethical decision-making process

Identifying the ethical issues involved

A focusing failure - or a moment when one might ask "How could I have missed that?" - can be due to what may be called __________________________________

Inattentional Blindness

If we are told specifically to pay attention to a particular element of a decision or event, we are likely to miss all of the surrounding details, no matter how obvious. According to Bazerman and Chugh, this phenomenon is known as ________.

Inattentional Blindness

The First Step in making decisions that are ethically responsible is to ___________________ .

Determine the Facts

______________________ is a consequentialist ethical viewpoint that describes how people act only out of self-interest.

Egoism

The final step in the ethical decision making process is: ___________________ .

Monitor and Learn from the outcomes

Identify the final step in the ethical decision-making process?

Monitoring and learning from the outcomes

In the ethical decision making process we often need to use creativity in identifying options or alternatives. Thus, we may need to utilize what is called __________ _________ .

Moral Imagination

Individual codes of conduct based on one's value structures regarding how one should live, how one should act, what one should do, and what kind of a person should one be is sometimes referred to as ________.

Morality

Philosophers often state that ethics is ________, which means that it focuses on people's reasoning about how they should act.

Normative

Rather than simply describing how we live, ethics seeks an account of how and why people should act a certain way. This makes Ethics a ______________ discipline.

Normative

________ establish the guidelines or standards for determining what one should do, how one should act, what type of person one should be.

Norms

The "Lens through which we see the world" is also known as a ______________ .

Paradigm

________ typically assert that individual rights and duties are fundamental and thus can also be referred to as a rights-based, or duty-based approach to ethics.

Principle-based ethics

________ are ethical rules that put values into action.

Principles

Making a decision that most people can live with - or that meets the "minimum decision criteria" is known as ___________________________ .

Satisficing

Theoretical reasoning is reasoning about:

What we should believe

Utilitarianism has been called a "principles-based" approach to ethics and social policy.

false

Those standards or guidelines that establish appropriate and proper behavior are known as ______________. They can be established by such diverse perspectives as economics, etiquette, or ethics

norms

Defining the ethical issue involved is the ______________ step in the ethical decision making process.

second

Identify the cognitive barrier which might appear to relieve us of accountability for a decision?

Using a simplified decision rule

________ directs us to decide based on overall consequences of our acts.

Utilitarianism

The study of those character traits that contribute to a happy and meaningful life is known as ______________ ethics.

Virtue

____________________ is commonly equated with the phrases "Maximizing the overall good" or "Producing the greatest good for the greatest number."

Utilitarianism

The Ethical framework that might be described by the phrase "The ends justify the means" is known as __________________ .

Utilitarism

________ is commonly identified with the policy of "maximizing the overall good."

Utillitarism

Those beliefs that incline us to act or chose in one way rather than another are known as ________.

Values

Which of the following refers to an underlying belief that causes people to choose between plausible courses of action?

Values

In ______________ ethics, the focus is not on what a person does, but who a person is or is becoming.

Virtue

The failure of decision-makers to notice gradual changes over time is know as ___________________ .

Change Blindness

A critical element of this step in the ethical decision-making process will be the consideration of ways to mitigate, minimize, or compensate for any possible harmful consequences or to increase and promote beneficial consequences. Which step is this?

Comparing and weighing the alternatives

In the ethical-decision making process, moral imagination is used by decision makers while ________.

Considering the available alternatives

________ are beliefs and principles that provide the ultimate guide to a company's decision making?

Core Values

In a general sense, anyone who affects or is affected by decisions made within a firm can be called a business ________.

Stakeholder

One of the major challenges to an ethics based on rights points to practical problems in applying a theory of rights to real-life situations.

True

Anyone who is affected by the actions of a business or organization could be considered a __________________

stakeholder

Practical reasoning is reasoning about:

what we should do