Cells Organelles

Lysosomes

A cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down nutrients, bacteria, and old organelles

Vacuoles

A cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates; keeps osmotic balance; breakdown like lysosomes

Cytoskeleton

A network of fibers that hold the cell together, help the cell to keep its shape, and aid in movement

Mitochondria

Known as the powerhouse of the cell; produces energy (ATP) from oxygen and sugar in a process called cellular respiration)

Centrioles

Located near the nucleus and help to organize and control movements during cell replication

Golgi Apparatus

Organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins then sends proteins to their final destination

Chloroplasts

Organelles (found only in plant cells) that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis

Peroxisomes

Organelles that detoxify harmful substances that have entered cells

3-ENERGY PROCESSING

Process of capturing and storing energy

4-SUPPORT/COMMUNICATION

Processes that help the cell keep its shape and anchor or move organelles

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Chemically modifies proteins made by the ribosomes attached to its surface, which are then used in the cell membrane or for transport outside the cell

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Contains no ribosomes on its surface; is a collection of enzymes that perform special tasks that include the synthesis of membrane lipids and detoxification (a lot of these organelle are found in the liver)

Cell Wall

Strong, protective layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria that help the cell keep its shape and structure

Cell Junctions

Structures that connect cells to one another and aid in cell communication

1-ANABOLISM

The building up of body cells and substances from nutrients

Nucleus

The part of the cell containing DNA and responsible for growth and reproduction; the cell's genetic blueprint

2-CATABOLISM

The process of breaking down complex materials (foods) to form simpler substances and release energy

Ribosomes

The site of protein synthesis (where proteins are made)