Cells Organelles
Lysosomes
A cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down nutrients, bacteria, and old organelles
Vacuoles
A cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates; keeps osmotic balance; breakdown like lysosomes
Cytoskeleton
A network of fibers that hold the cell together, help the cell to keep its shape, and aid in movement
Mitochondria
Known as the powerhouse of the cell; produces energy (ATP) from oxygen and sugar in a process called cellular respiration)
Centrioles
Located near the nucleus and help to organize and control movements during cell replication
Golgi Apparatus
Organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins then sends proteins to their final destination
Chloroplasts
Organelles (found only in plant cells) that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis
Peroxisomes
Organelles that detoxify harmful substances that have entered cells
3-ENERGY PROCESSING
Process of capturing and storing energy
4-SUPPORT/COMMUNICATION
Processes that help the cell keep its shape and anchor or move organelles
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Chemically modifies proteins made by the ribosomes attached to its surface, which are then used in the cell membrane or for transport outside the cell
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Contains no ribosomes on its surface; is a collection of enzymes that perform special tasks that include the synthesis of membrane lipids and detoxification (a lot of these organelle are found in the liver)
Cell Wall
Strong, protective layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria that help the cell keep its shape and structure
Cell Junctions
Structures that connect cells to one another and aid in cell communication
1-ANABOLISM
The building up of body cells and substances from nutrients
Nucleus
The part of the cell containing DNA and responsible for growth and reproduction; the cell's genetic blueprint
2-CATABOLISM
The process of breaking down complex materials (foods) to form simpler substances and release energy
Ribosomes
The site of protein synthesis (where proteins are made)