Cells Review
Which sequence illustrates the increasing complexity of levels of organization in multicellular organisms? (1) organelle → cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism (2) cell → organelle → tissue → organ → organ system → organism (3) organelle → tissue → cell → organ → organ system → organism (4) cell → organism → organ system → organ → tissue → organelle
Answer: 1 Explanation: There are multiple organelles found in a cell, copious amounts of cells are found in a tissue, tissues make up organs, organs make up an organ system, and an organism is composed of organ systems
Which structures are found in every living cell? A) a plasma membrane and cytoplasm B) chloroplasts and mitochondria C) a cell wall and nucleus D) centrioles and chromosomes
Answer: A Explanation: Cholorplasts and cell walls are only in plant cell. Centrioles are only found in animal cells
What has to be properly functioning in a unicellular organism for homeostasis to be maintained? A) organelles B) insulin C) guard cells D) antibodies
Answer: A Explanation: Insulin is necessary when concerning sugar levels in the blood, guard cells are in plant cells to control stoma, and antibodies are proteins
The largest amount of DNA in a plant cell is contained in a) nucleus b) chromosome c) protein molecule d) enzyme molecule
Answer: A Explanation: The DNA in either a plant or animal cell (the largest amount) is always in the nucleus. Chromosomes are in the nucleus, protein molecules and enzymes are molecules
During an experiment you want to view the nucleus of a cell. How would you most easily view this organelle? A) With a microscope B) Using your naked eye C) Magnifying glass D) None of the above
Answer: A Explanation: The naked eye and a magnifying glass are too weak too view a cell that is very small
What are two self duplicating structures? A) mitochondria and chloroplasts B) mitochondria and cell walls C) cell walls and chloroplasts D) vacuoles and chloroplasts
Answer: A Explanation: These two organelles contain their own genetic material
The energy used to obtain, transfer, and transport materials within an organism comes directly from
Answer: ATP Explanation: ATP is able to store and transport chemical energy within cells.
Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain is true? A) The electron transport chain is used to transport soluble proteins from one organelle to the next. B) The electron transport chain is found on the inside of the inner mitochondrial membrane. C) The electron transport chain uses glucose as its final electron acceptor. D) The electron transport chain produces glucose as an energy source for the cell. E) The electron transport chain is found only in plants.
Answer: B Explanation: The electron transport chain is found on the inside of the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is not used to transport proteins; instead, it generates ATP to be used as an energy source by the cell. The electron transport chain is found in plants and animals (though the one found in plants operates very differently than the one found in animals). Oxygen is the final electron acceptor, not glucose.
Which statement describes an exception to the cell theory? A) Plants and animals are made up of structural units known as cells. B) Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain genetic material and can replicate. C) All cells arise from preexisting cells. D) The cell is the basic functional unit of all living things
Answer: B Explanation: The other choices are all part of the cell theory yet the mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own genetic materials even while being organelles
A student identifies a cell as prokaryotic. Which of the following could NOT be a characteristic of the cell? A) Ribosomes B)DNA C) nucleus D)cell wall
Answer: C Explanation: A defining characteristic of prokaryotes is the lack of a true nucleus. Prokaryotic cells do contain ribosomes, DNA, and cell walls, and some but not all prokaryotes are capable of photosynthesis.
A liver cell can make enzymes that a heart cell can not make because liver cells A) digest large, complex molecules B) contain more DNA than heart cells C) use different genes than the heart cells use D) remove carbon dioxide from blood
Answer: C Explanation: Cells are specialized for whatever organ they help. Therefore the genes involved in a liver cell would be different from the heart's genes used
During the eukaryotic cell cycle, what is the function of the G2 checkpoint? A) Ensures that the cell has matured to a sufficient state before beginning synthesis. Initiates the cell division process if conditions are favorable. B) Prevents sister chromatids from separating before each chromatid is secured to a spindle microtubule. C) Ensures that each daughter cell has received the correct number of chromatids after cell division. D) Prevents cells from undergoing mitosis until all chromosomes have completely replicated and any DNA damage has been repaired.
Answer: C Explanation: The G2 checkpoint of cell division prevents the cell from entering the mitotic or dividing phase until all chromosomes have accurately been replicated
What is the basic function of a vacuole? a) circulate oxygen b) produce food c) storing water d) controlling cell processes
Answer: C Explanation: Vacuoles are bubbles that can store water in order for the cell to survive
Which organism is considered an exception to the cell theory because it has a noncellular structure? A) alga B) bacterium C) virus D) moss
Answer: C Explanation: Viruses contain genetic materials therefore they have a major part of a living cell but they lack the primary organelles needed to be considered living
In a cell, all organelles work together to carry out... A) diffusion B) active transport C) information storage D) metabolic processes
Answer: D Explanation: The organelles in a cell work together and contribute to the cell by carrying out metabolic proccesses?
In a cell, information that controls the production of protein must pass from the nucleus to the... a)cell membrane b) chloroplasts c) mitochondria d) ribosomes
Answer: D Explanation: mRNA transcribed from the nucleus is sent down into ribosomes to be turned into a polypeptide
Photosynthesis occurs in animal cells. ~True ~False
Answer: False Explanation: Animal cells do not contain cholorplasts the way plant cells have so therefore photosynthesis cannot occur
Organisms undergo constant chemical changes as they maintain an internal balance known as
Answer: Homeostasis Explanation: Organelles work together to complete metabolic proccesses and in return maintain homeostasis
Which organelle is the site of cellular respiration?
Answer: Mitochondria Explantion: Mitochondria synthesizes ATP for the cell so that cellular respiration
Which cell structures are sometimes found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum?
Answer: Ribosomes Explanation: These ribosomes assemble many proteins and when they are on the endoplasmic reticulum they work together
If the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed, what effect would this most likely have on the cell?
Answer: The cell would be unable to make proteins Explanation: Ribosomes are essential to synthesize proteins and without them it the cell would be without proteins
Which cell organelle is composed of a series of channels throughout the cytoplasm that functions in the transport of molecules?
Answer: The endoplasmic reticulum Explanation: the endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell
What is the job of the cell membrane?
Answer: controls what goes in and out of the cell Explanation: the cell membrane is semi permeable and surrounds the whole cell to allow things in and send things out
All chemical breakdown processes in cells directly involve...
Answer: reactions that are controlled by enzymes Explanation: The enzymes that are involved are catalysts and they help the chemical breakdown proccesses
What prevents onion cells from bursting but not red cells from bursting?
Answer: the cell wall Explanation: Red blood cells do not have a cell wall and only have a cell membrane. The cell wall is hard and ridgid with the job of making sure the cell doesn't burst