cellular regulation

The nurse is assessing a patient who has developed anemia after two rounds of chemotherapy. Which of these may be indications of anemia? (Select all that apply.)

*a. Hypoxia* b. Fever c. Infection d. Bleeding *e. fatigue*

A client with ovarian cancer is being treated with vincristine. The nurse monitors the client, knowing that which manifestation indicates an adverse effect specific to this medication?

An adverse effect specific to vincristine is peripheral neuropathy, which occurs in almost every client. Peripheral neuropathy can be manifested as numbness and tingling in the fingers and toes. Depression of the Achilles tendon reflex may be the first clinical sign indicating peripheral neuropathy. Constipation rather than diarrhea is most likely to occur with this medication, although diarrhea may occur occasionally. Hair loss occurs with nearly all antineoplastic medications. Chest pain is unrelated to this medication.

The nurse is caring for a client following a mastectomy. Which nursing intervention would assist in preventing lymphedema of the affected arm?

Following mastectomy, the arm should be elevated above the level of the heart. Simple arm exercises should be encouraged. No blood pressure readings, injections, intravenous lines, or blood draws should be performed on the affected arm. Cool compresses are not a suggested measure to prevent lymphedema from occurring.

The nurse is providing medication instructions to a client with breast cancer who is receiving cyclophosphamide. The nurse should tell the client to take which action?

Hemorrhagic cystitis is an adverse effect that can occur with the use of cyclophosphamide. The client needs to be instructed to drink copious amounts of fluid during the administration of this medication. Clients also should monitor urine output for hematuria. The medication should be taken on an empty stomach, unless gastrointestinal upset occurs. Hyperkalemia can result from the use of the medication; therefore, the client would not be told to increase potassium intake. The client would not be instructed to alter sodium intake.

The nurse is analyzing the laboratory results of a client with leukemia who has received a regimen of chemotherapy. Which laboratory value would the nurse specifically note as a result of the massive cell destruction that occurred from the chemotherapy?

Hyperuricemia is especially common following treatment for leukemias and lymphomas, because chemotherapy results in massive cell kill. an increased uric acid level is related specifically to cell destruction.

The nurse is instructing a client to perform a testicular self-examination (TSE). The nurse should provide the client with which information about the procedure?

The TSE is recommended monthly after a warm bath or shower when the scrotal skin is relaxed. The client should stand to examine the testicles. Using both hands, with fingers under the scrotum and thumbs on top, the client should gently roll the testicles, feeling for any lumps.

The community health nurse is instructing a group of young female clients about breast self-examination. The nurse should instruct the clients to perform the examination at which time?

The breast self-examination should be performed regularly, 7 days after the onset of the menstrual period. Performing the examination weekly is not recommended. At the onset of menstruation and during ovulation, hormonal changes occur that may alter breast tissue.

If extravasation of an antineoplastic medication occurs, which intervention will the nurse perform first?

a. Apply cold compresses to the site while elevating the arm. b. Inject subcutaneous doses of epinephrine around the IV site every 2 hours. *c. Stop the infusion immediately while leaving the catheter in place.* d. Inject the appropriate antidote through the IV catheter.

The nurse is assessing a patient who has experienced severe neutropenia after chemotherapy and will monitor for which possible signs of infection? (Select all that apply.)

a. Elevated WBC count *b. Fever* c. Nausea *d. Sore throat* *e. Chills*

The nurse is caring for a patient who becomes severely nauseated during chemotherapy. Which intervention is most appropriate?

a. Encourage light activity during chemotherapy as a distraction. *b. Provide antiemetic medications 30 to 60 minutes before chemotherapy begins.* c. Provide antiemetic medications only upon the request of the patient. d. Hold fluids during chemotherapy to avoid vomiting.

A patient receiving chemotherapy is experiencing severe bone marrow suppression. Which potential problem is the highest priority at this time?

a. Extreme fatigue *b. Risk for infection* c. Changing body image d. Reduced physical mobility

A patient is experiencing stomatitis after a round of chemotherapy. Which intervention by the nurse is correct?

a. Rinse the mouth with commercial mouthwash twice a day. *b. Clean the mouth with a soft-bristle toothbrush and warm saline solution.* c. Use lemon-glycerin swabs to keep the mouth moist. d. Keep dentures in the mouth between meals. *e. Rinse the mouth with water every 2 hours while awake.*

The nurse monitors a patient who is experiencing thrombocytopenia from severe bone marrow suppression by looking for which of these?

a. Severe weakness and fatigue. b. Elevated body temperature. c. Decreased skin turgor. *d. Excessive bleeding and bruising.*

Colorectal cancer risk factors

age older than 50 years, a family history of the disease, colorectal polyps, and chronic inflammatory bowel disease.

The most common sign in clients with bladder cancer is?

hematuria