Chapter 17 infancy Part 1

The recommended total water intake for infants, based on the DRIs, is ___________L/day for infants up to 6 months and _________L/day for infants 7 to 12 months of age.

.7... .8

Infants lose about ___________% of their body weight during the first few days of life, but their birth weight is usually gained by the __________ day.

10%..7th-10th day

The stomach capacity of infants increases from a range of _________ ml at birth to ________ ml by 1 year, enabling infants to consume more food at a given time and at less frequent intervals as they grow older.

10-20 ml...200 ml

Many infants born at or below the ____ percentile for length may not reach their genetically appropriate growth channel until 1 year of age; this is called __________________________________

1oth...catch up growth

Breast-fed infants retain ~________ of their calcium intake.

2/3

The current recommendation for infants younger than 1 year of age is to consume a minimum of ___________ of fat per day.

30g

At ______________ months of age, infants who are fed only human milk are at risk for developing a negative iron balance and may deplete their reserves by ______________ months.

4-6 months...6-9

Infants usually double their birth weight by ______________ months of age and triple it by the age of __________.

4-6 months...age 1

The amount of protein in human milk is adequate for the first ________ months of the infant's life even though the amount of protein in ________ is considerably less than in __________.

6 ..human milk..infant formula

Currently fluoride supplementation is not recommended for infants younger than ________ months of age.

6 months

Milk from lactating mothers who follow a strict vegan diet may be _______________ deficient.

B12

Botulism is infancy is caused by the ingestion of ________ botulinum spores, which germinate and produce toxin in the ___________ lumen.

Clostridium ...bowl

Iron in human milk is highly ______; however, breast-fed and formula-fed infants should receive an additional source of iron by _____________ months of age.

bioavailable...4-6 months

The leading causes of infant mortality are __________, ___________, and low birth weight

birth defects, prematurity

After tooth eruption it is recommended that fluoridated water be offered several times per day to breast-fed infants, those who receive __________ milk, and those fed formulas made with water that contains less than ________ mg of fluoride/L.

cows milk.. .3

Full-term infants who are breast-fed to satiety and infants who are fed a standard 20-kcal/oz formula generally adjust their intake to meet their ______________ needs when caregivers are sensitive to the infant's _____ and _______ cues.

energy...hunger...satiety

Human milk has a very low ___________ content.

floride

Most infants who are genetically determined to be larger reach their _________________________________, a curve of weight and length of height gain throughout the period of growth, between 3 and 6 months of age.

growth channel

Protein requirements during the rapid growth of infancy are ________________ per kg of weight than those for adults or older children.

higher

Full-term infants are considered to have adequate stores of ___________ for growth up to a _______ of their birth weight.

iron.. doubling...

Cow's milk is a poor source of ___________ and should not be given before _____ months of age.

iron..12

Human milk contains a generous amount of the essential fatty acids ____________________ acid and _____________________ acid, as well as the longer-chain derivatives arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These benefit __________ acuity and _____________ development of an infant.

linolenic...alpha linolenic..visual ..psychomotor

Infants may not receive adequate ____________ if their formula is excessively diluted for a long period of time.

protein

For the prevention of ________________ and vitamin D deficiency, the AAP recommends a vitamin D supplement of ____ IU per day for all breast-fed infants and for formula-fed infants who consume less than _____________ ml/day of vitamin D-fortified formula.

rickets...200...1000

Larger infants at birth who are genetically determined to be ______ grow at their fetal rate for several months and often do not reach their growth channel until ____ months of age; this is called ____________________________ growth.

smaller...13 lag-down growth

Commercially prepared infant formulas are fortified with all necessary vitamins; therefore formula-fed infants rarely need _______________________.

supplements

Human milk derived from an adequately fed, lactating mother supplies all the vitamins the term infant needs except for ________________.

vitamin D

Breast-fed infants need an additional ___________________ supplementation by 2 months of age and ___________ by 4-6 months of age.

vitamin D....iron

Because the renal concentrating capacity of young infants may be less than that of older children and adults, they may be vulnerable to developing a __________________________________. This can be caused by boiling _____________, vomiting, and diarrhea.

water imbalance...formula

In the last 6 months of the first year, diets of infants should be supplemented with additional sources of high-quality protein such as _____________, strained meats, or cereal mixed with formula or _________________________________.

yogurt...human milk

Newborn infants are immediately dependent on a dietary source of __________, which is better absorbed from _______ than from _________.

zinc...human milk...infant formula..