cft test one
Exchange theory stresses the importance of __________ in family relationships.
How family members use their resources to trade w other fam members
Journalist Peggy Orenstein observed students in two California middle schools and found that
Participation and even antics of white boys in the classroom were considered inevitable and rewarded
According to the text's discussion of how social factors influence people's personal choices,
Social factors can limit ppls options
In Kimmel's typology of camps within the men's movement, which group works to counter feminist interests by attending to men's rights?
antifeminists
As families have become less traditional, the legal definition of a family has
become much more flexible
According to the text, a woman lives with a(n) __________ or a divided awareness that caregiving is most important to her, but it is not highly valued in society.
bifurcated consciousness
Family _________ theorists posit that today's family forms need to be seen as historically expected adjustments to changing conditions.
change
The increasing independence of Asian women in the U.S. has been attributed to _________.
discrimination
Family systems theory emphasizes that family systems seek _________, or stable balance and symmetry.
equilibrium
A relative absence of assertiveness and ambition characterizes our expectations of women, who are thought to embody __________ character traits.
expressive
According to the text, you should never listen to the emotional dimension of decision making, sometimes called the "gut-factor."
false
Children who live in poor neighborhoods are at less risk for negative social, educational, economic, and health outcomes.
false
Research strongly supports gender theories of socialization.
false
The text concludes that only society, and not biology, creates gender-linked characteristics and roles.
false
A(n) __________ is any sexually expressive, parent-child, or other kin relationships in which people—usually related by ancestry, marriage, or adoption—form an economic unit and care for any young, consider their identity to be significantly attached to the group, and are committed to maintaining that group over time.
family
A central focus of the feminist theory is on__________ issues.
gender
The idea that there are naturally two very distinct genders is called
gender dichotomy?
Compared to 50 years ago, marriage is not as __________ to Americans.
important
According to the text, which of the following is NOT a current societal trend impacting families?
increasing number of pets
Confidence, assertiveness, and ambition can be classified as __________ character traits.
instrumental
The process by which family identity, traditions, and commitment emerge through interaction within a particular family, is an important part of which perspective?
interaction constructionist
What is the primary reason, according to the text, that the transition to adulthood has become elongated?
it takes longer to earn enough to support a family
Children are __________ likely than the general population or the elderly to be living in poverty.
more
Compared to the recent past, children are __________ likely to live with a grandparent today.
more
Family diversity has progressed to the point that there is
no typical family form today
The _________ hypothesis proposes that work-marriage-family sequence is thought to be best for mental health and happiness
normative behavior
The text observes that there are three major culturally defined obligations in masculinity. Which of the following is NOT one of those obligations?
portraying emotional openness
Among immigrants, males may lose some masculine _______ because of the changing gender roles upon entering the U.S.
privilege
In Kimmel's typology of camps within the men's movement, which group supports feminists in their opposition to patriarchy?
pro feminists
Children learn social roles by imitating the behaviors of parents, siblings, and family members through a type of play called
role raking
Every time people make important decisions, they ______________ for that time or permanently.
rule out alternatives
The central purpose of the __________ is to overcome researchers' blinders, or biases.
scientific method
According to the text's discussion of how social factors influence people's personal choices,
social factors can limit people's options.
The process by which society influences members to internalize attitudes and expectations is called
socialization
_________ perspective once argued for the functionality of specialized gender roles.
structural functiona
The __________ perspective once argued for the functionality of specialized gender roles.
structural functional
The view that the family is an enduring social institution because of the important tasks it performs for society—economic security, emotional support, socialization of children—is the __________ perspective.
structural functional
Cohabitation has emerged as a lifestyle
that can be an alternative to marriage.
While part of being a scientist is having objectivity, in reality
total neutrality is impossible for everyone
According to the text, married life is far more complex and difficult than the traditional image commonly portrayed.
true
Conscious decisions are made by carefully weighing options.
true
Institutions in virtually every society have been characterized by patriarchy and masculine dominance.
true
Sociobiologists are careful to point out that biological predisposition does not mean that a person's behavior cannot be influenced or changed by social structure.
true
The aim of qualitative research is to gain in-depth understanding of people's experiences.
true
The family ecology perspective stresses the interdependence of all the world's families—not only with one another but also with the physical environment.
true
boys and girls tend to play separately and differently.
true
A majority of children live in __________ households.
two parent
Theoretical perspectives or theories can increase our __________ families and family life.
understanding of
Cross-culturally and historically, it appears that ___________ societies have been characterized by some degree of masculine dominance.
virtually all
