Ch 1 Anatomy and Physiology
Right upper quadrant
A
___________ are scientists who study the structure and form of organisms.
Anatomists
The function of the heart, blood and vessels are examined is
Cardiovascular physiology
Which body system moves blood containing hormones, nutrients and gases?
Cardiovascular system
__________ is the anatomic directional term that means "on the inside" or "underneath another structure".
Deep
__________ anatomy is also called macroscopic anatomy.
Gross
Which body system participates in immune response?
Lymphatic system
Produces body movement and heat.
Muscular system
__________ describes the mechanisms by which different nutrients are broken down.
Physiology
Sternal is to sternum as pectoral is to __________.
chest
On the opposite side
contralateral
Closer to the inside, internal to another structure
deep
An increased specialization as related to form and function is __________.
development
True or false: The nose is lateral to the eyes.
false
The anatomical term for the lateral aspect of the lower leg is __________ region.
fibular
The anatomical term for forehead is __________.
frontal
An increa.se in body size is __________
growth
Closer to the feet
inferior
The anatomical term describing the groin is __________.
inguinal
A __________ plane is vertical plane that divides the body or organ into equal left and right halves.
midsagittal
Regulating blood pressure, withdrawal reflex from stepping on glass, and regulating heart rate are examples of?
negative feedback regulation
In a negative feedback process, the resulting action will always be in the __________ direction of the stimulus.
opposite
The anatomical term for eye is __________.
orbital
The anatomical term for chest is __________.
pectoral
Serous membrane in the heart
pericardium
The anatomical term for the entire foot is __________.
pes
The anatomical term for the thumb is the ___________.
pollex
Uterine contractions of childbirth are an example of which type of a __________ feedback loop.
positive
When a stimulus is reinforced to continue in the same direction until a climactic event occurs, it is best as described as __________ __________.
positive feedback
When an organism senses and reacts to changes in their internal or external environments, this is an example of __________.
responsiveness
The anatomical term for the posterior region between the hip bones is __________
sacral
Closer to the head
superior
Relative to the head or bottom of the body
superior, inferior, cranial (cephalic), caudal, and rostral
Histology refers to __________.
the study of tissues
The heart and lungs are organs in the __________ cavity.
thoracic
The word anatomy is derived from the Greek word anatome, which means:
to cut apart, to dissect.
The anatomical term for navel is __________.
umbilical
Toward the belly side of the human body
ventral
The correct anatomical term for spinal column is __________ column.
vertebral
___________ describes the muscle layers in the wall of the small intestine.
Anatomy
___________ is the scientific discipline that studies the relationships among parts of the body as well as the structure of the individual organs.
Anatomy
__________ are the smallest units of matter having the chemical properties of the element.
Atoms
Right lower quadrant
B
Left upper quadrant
C
Left lower quadrant
D
Which body system secretes hormones to regulate growth and chemical levels in blood?
Endocrine system
True of false: Because the end result of a positive feedback mechanism is to increase the activity, positive feedback mechanisms are much more common than negative feedback mechanisms.
False
Provides protection, regulates body temperature, prevents water loss.
Integumentary system
Controls body movement and conducts impulses for internal communication.
Nervous system
An examination of nerve impulses that travel throughout the body is
Neurophysiology
___________ is the discipline in which the function of the body structures is the focus.
Physiology
Gamete production and related hormones and physiologic cycles is
Reproductive physiology
A study of how gas exchange occurs is
Respiratory physiology
Which body system is responsible for exchange of gases?
Respiratory system
Provides support and protection, site of hemopoiesis.
Skeletal system
True or false: Physiology focuses on the molecular or cellular level to gain an understanding of how organ systems work.
True
Which body system filters the blood an removes waste from the blood?
Urinary system
Visualizing the body in the __________ __________ is significant because all observers have a common point of reference when describing and discussing its regions.
anatomical position
In front of; toward the front surface
anterior
The correct anatomic directional term for "in front of " is __________.
anterior
Relative to front (belly side) or back of the body
anterior, posterior, dorsal, and ventral
The __________ region of the body includes the head, neck, and trunk.
axial
Toward the rear or tail end
caudal
A __________ __________, also called a __________ __________, is a vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.
coronal plane, frontal plane
The visceral pleura __________.
covers the external surface of the lungs
The anatomical term for hip is __________.
coxal
The anatomical term for hip is __________ while the anatomical term for wrist is _________.
coxal; carpal
Toward the head end
cranial (cephalic)
The posterior aspect of the axial region of the body contains the __________.
cranial cavity and vertebral canal.
The anatomical term for fingers or toes is __________.
digital
Toward the back side of the human body
dorsal
The visceral pleura covers the __________.
external surface of the lungs.
On the same side
ipsilateral
Away from the midline of the body
lateral
The anatomical term for lower back is __________.
lumbar
Toward the midline of the body
medial
Relative to the midline or center of the body
medial, lateral, ipsilateral, contralateral, deep, and superficial
The serous membrane forming the outermost layer of the sac that surrounds the heart is the __________.
parietal pericardium
The ___________ lines the internal surface of the thoracic wall.
parietal pleura
In the balloon analogy, two linings of serous membranes are the __________ (A) layer of the serous membrane (represented by the outer balloon wall) and the __________ (B) layer of the serous membrane (represented by the inner balloon wall).
parietal, visceral
Regarding the serous membranes of the ventral cavity, a __________ layer lines the internal surface of the body wall, while a __________ layer covers the external surfaces of organs.
parietal, visceral
The anatomical term for the diamond-shaped region between the thighs that contains the anus and selected external reproductive organs is __________.
perineal
A serous membrane of the abdominal cavity is called the __________.
peritoneum
Serous membrane in the digestive organs
peritoneum
Scientists who examine how organs and body systems function under normal circumstances, as well as how their functions may change with disease are called ___________.
physiologists
Serous membrane in the lungs
pleura
Childbirth, breast feeding, and blood clotting are examples of a?
positive feedback loop
In back of; toward the back surface
posterior
In regards to the axial region, the __________ posterior aspect contains cavities that are completely encased in bone.
posterior
Relative to point of attachment of appendage
proximal, and distal
The production of new cells for growth, maintenance, and repair is an example of ___________.
reproduction
Toward the nose or mouth
rostral
The __________ __________ extends through the body vertically and divides structures into right and left portions.
sagittal planes
The __________ method refers to a systematic and rigorous process by which scientists develop and test a hypothesis.
scientific
Negative feedback mechanisms work by maintaining the variable within a normal level or what is called a __________ __________.
set point
A __________ plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
transverse
True or false: Although there is only one midsagittal plane, an infinite number of sagittal planes are possible.
true
True or false: Most processes in the body are controlled by negative feedback.
true
Serous membranes form two layers: a __________ layer and a __________ layer.
visceral and parietal
The __________ covers the surfaces of most digestive organs.
visceral peritoneum