Ch 1 Anatomy and Physiology

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Right upper quadrant

A

___________ are scientists who study the structure and form of organisms.

Anatomists

The function of the heart, blood and vessels are examined is

Cardiovascular physiology

Which body system moves blood containing hormones, nutrients and gases?

Cardiovascular system

__________ is the anatomic directional term that means "on the inside" or "underneath another structure".

Deep

__________ anatomy is also called macroscopic anatomy.

Gross

Which body system participates in immune response?

Lymphatic system

Produces body movement and heat.

Muscular system

__________ describes the mechanisms by which different nutrients are broken down.

Physiology

Sternal is to sternum as pectoral is to __________.

chest

On the opposite side

contralateral

Closer to the inside, internal to another structure

deep

An increased specialization as related to form and function is __________.

development

True or false: The nose is lateral to the eyes.

false

The anatomical term for the lateral aspect of the lower leg is __________ region.

fibular

The anatomical term for forehead is __________.

frontal

An increa.se in body size is __________

growth

Closer to the feet

inferior

The anatomical term describing the groin is __________.

inguinal

A __________ plane is vertical plane that divides the body or organ into equal left and right halves.

midsagittal

Regulating blood pressure, withdrawal reflex from stepping on glass, and regulating heart rate are examples of?

negative feedback regulation

In a negative feedback process, the resulting action will always be in the __________ direction of the stimulus.

opposite

The anatomical term for eye is __________.

orbital

The anatomical term for chest is __________.

pectoral

Serous membrane in the heart

pericardium

The anatomical term for the entire foot is __________.

pes

The anatomical term for the thumb is the ___________.

pollex

Uterine contractions of childbirth are an example of which type of a __________ feedback loop.

positive

When a stimulus is reinforced to continue in the same direction until a climactic event occurs, it is best as described as __________ __________.

positive feedback

When an organism senses and reacts to changes in their internal or external environments, this is an example of __________.

responsiveness

The anatomical term for the posterior region between the hip bones is __________

sacral

Closer to the head

superior

Relative to the head or bottom of the body

superior, inferior, cranial (cephalic), caudal, and rostral

Histology refers to __________.

the study of tissues

The heart and lungs are organs in the __________ cavity.

thoracic

The word anatomy is derived from the Greek word anatome, which means:

to cut apart, to dissect.

The anatomical term for navel is __________.

umbilical

Toward the belly side of the human body

ventral

The correct anatomical term for spinal column is __________ column.

vertebral

___________ describes the muscle layers in the wall of the small intestine.

Anatomy

___________ is the scientific discipline that studies the relationships among parts of the body as well as the structure of the individual organs.

Anatomy

__________ are the smallest units of matter having the chemical properties of the element.

Atoms

Right lower quadrant

B

Left upper quadrant

C

Left lower quadrant

D

Which body system secretes hormones to regulate growth and chemical levels in blood?

Endocrine system

True of false: Because the end result of a positive feedback mechanism is to increase the activity, positive feedback mechanisms are much more common than negative feedback mechanisms.

False

Provides protection, regulates body temperature, prevents water loss.

Integumentary system

Controls body movement and conducts impulses for internal communication.

Nervous system

An examination of nerve impulses that travel throughout the body is

Neurophysiology

___________ is the discipline in which the function of the body structures is the focus.

Physiology

Gamete production and related hormones and physiologic cycles is

Reproductive physiology

A study of how gas exchange occurs is

Respiratory physiology

Which body system is responsible for exchange of gases?

Respiratory system

Provides support and protection, site of hemopoiesis.

Skeletal system

True or false: Physiology focuses on the molecular or cellular level to gain an understanding of how organ systems work.

True

Which body system filters the blood an removes waste from the blood?

Urinary system

Visualizing the body in the __________ __________ is significant because all observers have a common point of reference when describing and discussing its regions.

anatomical position

In front of; toward the front surface

anterior

The correct anatomic directional term for "in front of " is __________.

anterior

Relative to front (belly side) or back of the body

anterior, posterior, dorsal, and ventral

The __________ region of the body includes the head, neck, and trunk.

axial

Toward the rear or tail end

caudal

A __________ __________, also called a __________ __________, is a vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.

coronal plane, frontal plane

The visceral pleura __________.

covers the external surface of the lungs

The anatomical term for hip is __________.

coxal

The anatomical term for hip is __________ while the anatomical term for wrist is _________.

coxal; carpal

Toward the head end

cranial (cephalic)

The posterior aspect of the axial region of the body contains the __________.

cranial cavity and vertebral canal.

The anatomical term for fingers or toes is __________.

digital

Toward the back side of the human body

dorsal

The visceral pleura covers the __________.

external surface of the lungs.

On the same side

ipsilateral

Away from the midline of the body

lateral

The anatomical term for lower back is __________.

lumbar

Toward the midline of the body

medial

Relative to the midline or center of the body

medial, lateral, ipsilateral, contralateral, deep, and superficial

The serous membrane forming the outermost layer of the sac that surrounds the heart is the __________.

parietal pericardium

The ___________ lines the internal surface of the thoracic wall.

parietal pleura

In the balloon analogy, two linings of serous membranes are the __________ (A) layer of the serous membrane (represented by the outer balloon wall) and the __________ (B) layer of the serous membrane (represented by the inner balloon wall).

parietal, visceral

Regarding the serous membranes of the ventral cavity, a __________ layer lines the internal surface of the body wall, while a __________ layer covers the external surfaces of organs.

parietal, visceral

The anatomical term for the diamond-shaped region between the thighs that contains the anus and selected external reproductive organs is __________.

perineal

A serous membrane of the abdominal cavity is called the __________.

peritoneum

Serous membrane in the digestive organs

peritoneum

Scientists who examine how organs and body systems function under normal circumstances, as well as how their functions may change with disease are called ___________.

physiologists

Serous membrane in the lungs

pleura

Childbirth, breast feeding, and blood clotting are examples of a?

positive feedback loop

In back of; toward the back surface

posterior

In regards to the axial region, the __________ posterior aspect contains cavities that are completely encased in bone.

posterior

Relative to point of attachment of appendage

proximal, and distal

The production of new cells for growth, maintenance, and repair is an example of ___________.

reproduction

Toward the nose or mouth

rostral

The __________ __________ extends through the body vertically and divides structures into right and left portions.

sagittal planes

The __________ method refers to a systematic and rigorous process by which scientists develop and test a hypothesis.

scientific

Negative feedback mechanisms work by maintaining the variable within a normal level or what is called a __________ __________.

set point

A __________ plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts.

transverse

True or false: Although there is only one midsagittal plane, an infinite number of sagittal planes are possible.

true

True or false: Most processes in the body are controlled by negative feedback.

true

Serous membranes form two layers: a __________ layer and a __________ layer.

visceral and parietal

The __________ covers the surfaces of most digestive organs.

visceral peritoneum


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