AP Psychology - Social Unit
Prejudice
An unjustifiable attitude toward a group and it's members
In-group Bias
Tendency to favor ones own group
Self-disclosure
Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
Normative Social Influence
Influence resulting from a persons desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval
Informational Social Influence
Influence resulting from ones willingness to accept others opinions about reality
Scapegoat Theory
The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
Altruism
Unselfish regard for the welfare of others
Reciprocity Norm
An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
Foot-in-the-door Phenomenon
The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request
Stereotype
A generalized belief about a group of people
Social Trap
A situation in which the conflicting parties become caught in mutually destructive behavior
Social-Responsibility Norm
An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them
Bystander Effect
The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
Social Facilitation
Stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others
Diffusion of Responsibility
A person is less likely to take responsibility for an action if others are around
Fundamental Attribution Error
The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of person disposition
Social Exchange Theory
The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
Attitude
Feelings, often based on our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people and events
GRIT
Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction-- a strategy designed to decrease international tensions
Social-Psychology
The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
Social Loafing
The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent
Conformity
Adjusting ones behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard
Attribution Theory
Suggests how we explains someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition
Group Polarization
The enhancement of a groups prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group
Deindividuation
The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occuring in group situations that foster ariusal and anonymity
Just-world Phenonmenon
The tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get
Mere Exposure Effect
The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them
Frustration-Aggression Principle
The principle that frustration creates anger, which can generate aggression
