AP Psychology - Social Unit

Prejudice

An unjustifiable attitude toward a group and it's members

In-group Bias

Tendency to favor ones own group

Self-disclosure

Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

Normative Social Influence

Influence resulting from a persons desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

Informational Social Influence

Influence resulting from ones willingness to accept others opinions about reality

Scapegoat Theory

The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

Altruism

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Reciprocity Norm

An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

Foot-in-the-door Phenomenon

The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

Stereotype

A generalized belief about a group of people

Social Trap

A situation in which the conflicting parties become caught in mutually destructive behavior

Social-Responsibility Norm

An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them

Bystander Effect

The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

Social Facilitation

Stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

Diffusion of Responsibility

A person is less likely to take responsibility for an action if others are around

Fundamental Attribution Error

The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of person disposition

Social Exchange Theory

The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

Attitude

Feelings, often based on our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people and events

GRIT

Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction-- a strategy designed to decrease international tensions

Social-Psychology

The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Social Loafing

The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent

Conformity

Adjusting ones behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

Attribution Theory

Suggests how we explains someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition

Group Polarization

The enhancement of a groups prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

Deindividuation

The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occuring in group situations that foster ariusal and anonymity

Just-world Phenonmenon

The tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

Mere Exposure Effect

The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

Frustration-Aggression Principle

The principle that frustration creates anger, which can generate aggression