CH 1- Psychological Testing and Assessment

Process of assessment

- referral - screening •Case History •Assessment -Oral Mechanism Examination -Hearing Screening -Formal and informal measures of assessment -Analysis of the data -Determination of diagnosis and prognosis •Create report/conference

Skill of evaluator in assessment

Assessment typically requires an educated selection of tools of evaluation, skill in evaluation, and thoughtful organization and integration of data.

ecological momentary assessment (EMA)

EMA refers to the "in the moment" evaluation of specific problems and related cognitive and behavioral variables at the very time and place that they occur. Using various tools of assessment, EMA has been used to help tackle diverse clinical problems including post-traumatic stress disorder

portfolio

Files of work product- These work products—whether retained on paper, canvas, film, video, audio, or some other medium—constitute what is called a portfolio

What is the process of testing?

Testing may be individual or group in nature. After test administration, the tester will typically add up "the number of correct answers or the number of certain types of responses . . . with little if any regard for the how or mechanics of such content"

Skill of evaluator in testing

Testing typically requires technician-like skills in terms of administering and scoring a test as well as in interpreting a test result.

Role of evaluator in assessment

The assessor is key to the process of selecting tests and/or other tools of evaluation as well as in drawing conclusions from the entire evaluation.

Role of evaluator in testing

The tester is not key to the process; practically speaking, one tester may be substituted for another tester without appreciably affecting the evaluation.

Outcome of assessment

Typically, assessment entails a logical problem-solving approach that brings to bear many sources of data designed to shed light on a referral question

Outcome of testing

Typically, testing yields a test score or series of test scores.

what is objective in assessment?

Typically, to answer a referral question, solve a problem, or arrive at a decision through the use of tools of evaluation.

What is objective of testing?

Typically, to obtain some gauge, usually numerical in nature, with regard to an ability or attribute

score

a code or summary statement, usually but not necessarily numerical in nature, that reflects an evaluation of performance on a test, task, interview, or some other sample of behavior

therapeutic psychological assessment

a collaborative approach wherein discovery of therapeutic insights about oneself are encouraged and actively promoted by the assessor throughout the assessment process

interview

a method of gathering information through direct communication involving reciprocal exchange.

case study/case history

a report or illustrative account concerning a person or an event that was compiled on the basis of case history data

motivational interviewing

a therapeutic dialogue that combines person-centered listening skills such as openness and empathy, with the use of cognition-altering techniques designed to positively affect motivation and effect therapeutic change

role play test

a tool of assessment wherein assessees are directed to act as if they were in a particular situation

role play

acting an improvised or partially improvised part in a simulated situation

informal evaluation

as a typically nonsystematic assessment that leads to the formation of an opinion or attitude

CAT

computer adaptive testing (The adaptive in this term is a reference to the computer's ability to tailor the test to the test taker's ability or test-taking pattern)

CAPA

computer assisted psychological assessment

Psychological tests and other tools of assessment may differ with respect to a number of variables such as:

content, format, administration procedures, scoring and interpretation procedures, and technical quality

cut score (cutoff score)

is a reference point, usually numerical, derived by judgment and used to divide a set of data into two or more classifications (i.e. above a 65% Is passing, below 65% is failing)

Test

may be defined simply as a measuring device or procedure.

behavioral observation

monitoring the actions of others or oneself by visual or electronic means while recording quantitative and/or qualitative information regarding those actions

panel interview

more than one interviewer takes places in the assessment

naturalistic observation

observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

format

pertains to the form, plan, structure, arrangement, and layout of test items as well as to related considerations such as time limits. Format is also used to refer to the form in which a test is administered: computerized, pencil-and-paper, or some other form.

psychological test

refers to a device or procedure designed to measure variables related to psychology (such as intelligence, personality, aptitude, interests, attitudes, or values).

diagnostic test

refers to a tool of assessment used to help narrow down and identify areas of deficit to be targeted for intervention

Dynamic assessment

refers to an interactive approach to psychological assessment that usually follows a model of (1) evaluation, (2) intervention of some sort, and (3) evaluation. Dynamic assessment is most typically employed in educational settings, although it may be employed in correctional, corporate, neuropsychological, clinical, and most any other setting as well

Case history data

refers to records, transcripts, and other accounts in written, pictorial, or other form that preserve archival information, official and informal accounts, and other data and items relevant to an assessee

utility

refers to the usefulness or practical value that a test or other tool of assessment has for a particular purpose.

educational assessment

refers to, broadly speaking, the use of tests and other tools to evaluate abilities and skills relevant to success or failure in a school or pre-school context. Intelligence tests, achievement tests, and reading comprehension tests are some of the evaluative tools that may spring to mind with the mention of the term "educational assessment."

content

subject matter

psychometric soundness

technical quality

what are the tool of psychological assessment?

test interview portfolio case history data behavioral observation role play tests computers as tools

Who are the parties involved in testing?

test developers test users test takers

Collaborative assessment

the assessor and assessee may work as "partners" from initial contact through final feedback

Psychological assessment

the gathering and integration of psychology-related data for the purpose of making a psychological evaluation that is accomplished through the use of tools such as tests, interviews, case studies, behavioral observation, and specially designed apparatuses and measurement procedures

Scoring

the process of assigning such evaluative codes or statements to performance on tests, tasks, interviews, or other behavior samples. In the world of psychological assessment, many different types of scores exist

Psychological testing

the process of measuring psychology-related variables by means of devices or procedures designed to obtain a sample of behavior.

Psychometrics

the science of psychological measurement

retrospective assessment

the use of evaluative tools to draw conclusions about psychological aspects of a person as they existed at some point in time prior to the assessment

Remote assessment

the use of tools of psychological evaluation to gather data and draw conclusions about a subject who is not in physical proximity to the person or people conducting the evaluation

What is the process of assessment?

typically individualized. In contrast to testing, assessment more typically focuses on how an individual processes rather than simply the results of that processing