Ch 1: The Basics of Nutrition

1 kilocaloire= __ calories

1000

organosulfides

Antioxidant effects; may improve immune system functioning and reduce the risk of heart disease

phytochemicals

Chemicals in plant-based foods that are not nutrients but that have effects on the body.

symptoms

Subjective characteristics of disease felt only by the patient

no specific food conatins ___ the nutrients needed for the body

all of

pellagra

deficiency in niacin

additional ways to solve some problems created by conventional agricultural methods are to

eat less meat, use irrigation systems that drip water to the plant base

lipids

energy source and necessary for the absorption of certain vitamins

glycosides

may kill certain microbes, inhibit certain cancers, and reduce risk of heart disease

term that describes farming methods that do not deplete natural resources or harm the environment is

sustainable agriculture

milli-

thousandth (1/1000)

1 kilocalorie= __ Calorie

1

1 gram of alcohol

7 calories

genetic engineering is an example method of

DNA modification

nutrient-dense paste that is made of peanuts, powdered milk, oil, sugar, vitamins, and minerals and is used to treat undernourished children in developing countries

Plumpy'nut

finding a solution to the world food crisis is a purpose of

UNICEF

scurvy

Vitamin C deficiency

diet

a person's usual pattern of food choices

kilocalorie

a unit describing the energy content of a food

physiological dose

amount of nutrient that allows the body to function optimally

breast milk

best food for young infants

the ability to develop crops that supply higher yields, resist pests, or are tolerant to drought conditions and could help solve the world food shortage

biotechnology

classes of nutrients

carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water

the info we know about the relationship between diet and health is:

constantly evolving

megadose

describes the intake of a vitamin or mineral that greatly exceeds the recommended amount

pounds to kilograms

divide by 2.2

a nutrient that must be supplied by food and cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body is called a

essential nutrient

some ways to solve proglems created by conventional farming methods include

find ways to improve crop yields, rely more on non chemical pest management

the body gets nutrients from

food

households that include members that worry about running out of food or not having enough money to buy food are considered

food insecure

1 gram of carbs has ___ cals

four

1 grams of protein have __ cals

four

the alteration of a plant or animal's hereditary is called

genetic modification

in order to reduce hunger, families and small farmer in underdeveloped countries can learn more efficient ways to

grow, process, and distribute food

vitamins

maintenance of immune function, production and maintenance of tissues, and protection against agents that can damage cellular components

standard of measurement used in nutrition is the ___ system

metric

products that would be considered dietary supplement

mineral, vitamin, amino acid

lipid

necessary for the absorption of certain vitamins

1 gram of fat have __ cals

nine

is the study of how the body uses nutrients

nutrition

medical nutrition therapies

nutritionally modified diets for people with chronic health conditions

beta carotene, lutein, and lycopene

orange, red, and yellow fruits and vegs

in the us, what contributes to the development of diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease

poor diet and sendentary lifestyle

babies born to mothers undernourished during pregnancy may suffer from

premature birth, breathing problems, low birth weights

protein

production of structural components, such as cell membranes, and functional components, such as enzymes

Reservatrol

red wine, purple grapes, grape juice

Healthy People 2020 Goals nutrition and weight status

reduce the proportion of obese children and adolescents, increase the variety and intake of vegs among people older that 2, increase the proportion of adults who have a healthy weight

carotenoids

reduced risk of certain cancers and macular degeneration

water

regulation of body temp, elimination of wastes, and transportation of substances

minerals

regulation of fluid balance, formation of certain chemical messengers structural and functional components of various substances and tissues

number of kilocalories in one gram of alcohol

seven

Isoflavonoids

soybeans, legumes

alkaloids

stimulant effects

can occur as a result of nutritional deficiencies in children

stunted growth, blindness, delayed physical development

humans have no internal drive that motivates us to choose a healthy diet; to eat well we need to learn the effects nutrition has on our health

true

americans with low incomes and individuals suffering from anoerxia nervosa and chronic alcoholism are at increased risk of

undernutrition

nutrition related factors that contribute to many worldwide deaths in children under 5 include

undernutrition, vitamin deficiencies

conventional farming practices that can harm the environment include

use of pesticides, cutting down trees to create cropland, irrigation that removes water from rivers

regularly making food choices that include consuming more ___ could reduce the chances of developing disease

whole grain cereals

women have less __ and __ and more ___. compared to men

water and protein, fat

problems associated with irrigation systems include

water runoff can carry away topsoil, pesticides from runoff can pollute waterways