Ch 1: The Basics of Nutrition
1 kilocaloire= __ calories
1000
organosulfides
Antioxidant effects; may improve immune system functioning and reduce the risk of heart disease
phytochemicals
Chemicals in plant-based foods that are not nutrients but that have effects on the body.
symptoms
Subjective characteristics of disease felt only by the patient
no specific food conatins ___ the nutrients needed for the body
all of
pellagra
deficiency in niacin
additional ways to solve some problems created by conventional agricultural methods are to
eat less meat, use irrigation systems that drip water to the plant base
lipids
energy source and necessary for the absorption of certain vitamins
glycosides
may kill certain microbes, inhibit certain cancers, and reduce risk of heart disease
term that describes farming methods that do not deplete natural resources or harm the environment is
sustainable agriculture
milli-
thousandth (1/1000)
1 kilocalorie= __ Calorie
1
1 gram of alcohol
7 calories
genetic engineering is an example method of
DNA modification
nutrient-dense paste that is made of peanuts, powdered milk, oil, sugar, vitamins, and minerals and is used to treat undernourished children in developing countries
Plumpy'nut
finding a solution to the world food crisis is a purpose of
UNICEF
scurvy
Vitamin C deficiency
diet
a person's usual pattern of food choices
kilocalorie
a unit describing the energy content of a food
physiological dose
amount of nutrient that allows the body to function optimally
breast milk
best food for young infants
the ability to develop crops that supply higher yields, resist pests, or are tolerant to drought conditions and could help solve the world food shortage
biotechnology
classes of nutrients
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water
the info we know about the relationship between diet and health is:
constantly evolving
megadose
describes the intake of a vitamin or mineral that greatly exceeds the recommended amount
pounds to kilograms
divide by 2.2
a nutrient that must be supplied by food and cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body is called a
essential nutrient
some ways to solve proglems created by conventional farming methods include
find ways to improve crop yields, rely more on non chemical pest management
the body gets nutrients from
food
households that include members that worry about running out of food or not having enough money to buy food are considered
food insecure
1 gram of carbs has ___ cals
four
1 grams of protein have __ cals
four
the alteration of a plant or animal's hereditary is called
genetic modification
in order to reduce hunger, families and small farmer in underdeveloped countries can learn more efficient ways to
grow, process, and distribute food
vitamins
maintenance of immune function, production and maintenance of tissues, and protection against agents that can damage cellular components
standard of measurement used in nutrition is the ___ system
metric
products that would be considered dietary supplement
mineral, vitamin, amino acid
lipid
necessary for the absorption of certain vitamins
1 gram of fat have __ cals
nine
is the study of how the body uses nutrients
nutrition
medical nutrition therapies
nutritionally modified diets for people with chronic health conditions
beta carotene, lutein, and lycopene
orange, red, and yellow fruits and vegs
in the us, what contributes to the development of diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease
poor diet and sendentary lifestyle
babies born to mothers undernourished during pregnancy may suffer from
premature birth, breathing problems, low birth weights
protein
production of structural components, such as cell membranes, and functional components, such as enzymes
Reservatrol
red wine, purple grapes, grape juice
Healthy People 2020 Goals nutrition and weight status
reduce the proportion of obese children and adolescents, increase the variety and intake of vegs among people older that 2, increase the proportion of adults who have a healthy weight
carotenoids
reduced risk of certain cancers and macular degeneration
water
regulation of body temp, elimination of wastes, and transportation of substances
minerals
regulation of fluid balance, formation of certain chemical messengers structural and functional components of various substances and tissues
number of kilocalories in one gram of alcohol
seven
Isoflavonoids
soybeans, legumes
alkaloids
stimulant effects
can occur as a result of nutritional deficiencies in children
stunted growth, blindness, delayed physical development
humans have no internal drive that motivates us to choose a healthy diet; to eat well we need to learn the effects nutrition has on our health
true
americans with low incomes and individuals suffering from anoerxia nervosa and chronic alcoholism are at increased risk of
undernutrition
nutrition related factors that contribute to many worldwide deaths in children under 5 include
undernutrition, vitamin deficiencies
conventional farming practices that can harm the environment include
use of pesticides, cutting down trees to create cropland, irrigation that removes water from rivers
regularly making food choices that include consuming more ___ could reduce the chances of developing disease
whole grain cereals
women have less __ and __ and more ___. compared to men
water and protein, fat
problems associated with irrigation systems include
water runoff can carry away topsoil, pesticides from runoff can pollute waterways