Ch 10 Emotional Development

Self-conscious emotions develop around the age of:

18 to 24 months.

The frequency of face-to-face play becomes less common after about the age of:

7 months.

Researchers are discovering that infants are (more/less) socially sophisticated and insightful at younger ages than was previously envisioned.

: more

The Strange Situation, which was an observational means to identify individual differences in infant attachment, was developed by:

Ainsworth.

______ is defined as the close emotional bond between two people.

Attachment

The use of to play begins at about 2 to 3 months of age and includes vocalizations, touch, and gestures.

Blank 1: face Blank 2: face

As children progress from the (early/middle/late) through the (early/middle/late) childhood years, they come to recognize emotions, are able to identify and explain them, are increasingly concerned with self-regulating them, and appreciate that they can be ambiguous.

Blank 1: middle Blank 2: late

Which of the following statements are true based on Harlow's conclusions from studying infant monkeys? (Select all that apply)

Contact comfort is crucial in the attachment process. Feeding is not the crucial element in the attachment process.

Emotion regulation is key to which of the following?

Coping with stress Social competence Emotional adaptiveness Child development

Which of the following theorists proposed influential theories of infant attachment?

Erikson Freud Bowlby

True or false: Temperament remains stable throughout an individual's development.

False

The development of locomotor skills is the result of which of the following?

Infant motivation to reach a goal Environmental support for the skill Nervous system development

What type of emotion includes embarrassment, guilt, pride, and shame?

Self-conscious

Which theory states that older adults narrow their social networks?

Socioemotional selectivity theory

Ainsworth created the Situation, an observational way to identify differences in infant attachment.

Strange

______ refers to an individual's behavioral style and characteristic ways of responding

Temperament

According to a study by Joseph Allen and his colleagues, adolescents who were securely attached at age 14 were more likely to report which of the following at age 21?

That they were attaining increased financial independence That they were comfortable with intimacy That they were in an exclusive relationship

The developmental model involves connections across domains over time that influence developmental pathways and outcomes.

cascade

According to Chess and Thomas' temperament classification system, a(n) ______ child reacts negatively and cries frequently, engages in irregular daily routines, and is slow to accept change.

difficult

Being skilled at perceiving and expressing emotion, understanding emotion, using feelings to facilitate thought, and managing emotions effectively is a description of emotional:

intelligence.

Which of the following types of emotions are present in infancy?

primary emotionsv

Emotion ______ plays a key role for young children when managing the demands and conflicts that arise when interacting with others.

regulation

According to Ainsworth's model, an insecure ______ baby often clings to the caregiver and then may fight against closeness, perhaps by kicking or pushing away.

resistant

Ineffective emotion regulation in adolescence is linked to all of the following EXCEPT:

rule following.

What term describes an infant who sees the caregiver as a base from which to explore the environment?

securely attached

Which type of emotion requires self-awareness and a sense of "me"?

self-conscious

Which of the following refers to an infant's ability to "read" the emotions of other people?

social referencing

Nine-year-old Aaron used to get really angry with his classmates, but that is not the case now. This example illustrates that in middle-to-late childhood, children learn to:

suppress or conceal negative emotional reactions.

Individuals' behavioral style and characteristic way of responding is referred to as their:

temperament.

is characterized by behavior that reflects the pleasantness or unpleasantness of the state that individuals are in, or the transactions they are experiencing.

Emotion

Which two of the following are the most consistent outcomes of secure attachment in adolescence?

Emotion regulation Positive peer relations

According to research, which of the following physiological characteristics have been linked with an inhibited temperament? (Select all that apply)

High level of cortisol High activity in the frontal lobe High and stable heart rate

Infants' social sophistication and insight are reflected by which of the following?

Increase in emotional understanding and communication. Motivation to share and participate in others' intentionally motivated actions. Perceptions of others' actions as intentionally motivated.

Which of the following are true about the developmental cascade model?

It can involve social contexts such as families, peers, schools, and culture. It can produce positive or negative outcomes at different points in development. It can include connections between biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes.

Which of the following are important social cognitive accomplishments that are established at the end of the first year?

Joint attention Goal-directed behavior Intention

Which of the following has been associated with the undermining of attachment stability?

Parental separation or divorce

Which of the following are self-conscious emotions?

Pride Shame Embarrassment Guilt

Social ______ occurs when one can understand the emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a given situation.

Referencing

True or false: In development, biological, cognitive, and social processes are intricately intertwined.

True

Erikson attachment theory

a sense of trust is the foundation for attachment

Adults with a(n) ______ attachment style demand closeness, are less trusting, and jealous.

anxious

The close emotional bond between mothers and infants is called

attachment

Adults with a(n) ______ attachment style are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships.

avoidant

The ability to develop skills contextually and focus on the adaptive nature of emotional experience is called emotional:

competence.

Which of the following refers to a child's ability to connect his or her own intentions with a peer's intentions and put this understanding to use in interacting with the peer to reach a goal?

cooperation

Eight-month-old Roger is usually in a positive mood, is adaptive, and conforms readily to household routines. According to Chess and Thomas' classification system, he is a(n) child

easy

A feeling or affect that occurs when individuals are in a state or an interaction that is important to them, especially to their well-being, is called:

emotion.

Older adults are motivated to spend more time pursuing ______ satisfaction.

emotional

Because they place a high value on ______, older adults spend more time with familiar individuals with whom they have had rewarding relationships

emotional satisfaction

Which of the following are important ways that infants in their first year of life begin to understand that other people have intentions?

gaze following joint attention

The match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands with which the child must cope is known by the term:

goodness of fit.

As the nervous system in infants develops, locomotion becomes possible and children are able to develop a certain amount of:

independence.

Freud attachment theory

infants become attached to the person who provides oral satisfaction

Which of the following are aspects of the development of social orientation?

locomotion goal-directed behaviors cooperation

According to twin studies, heredity has a ______ influence on differences in temperament within a group of people.

moderate

As compared to the parents, adolescents are more likely to experience:

more extreme and more fleeting emotions.

Bowlby's attachment theory

nfants and caregivers are biologically predisposed to form attachments.

Adolescents can become moody from time to time, and it is important for parents to recognize that moodiness during adolescence is:

normal.

Jeremy is a very active toddler whose parents try to avoid putting him in situations where he must sit still for long periods of time. This illustrates

the concept of goodness of fit.