Ch. 11 HW Quiz: Personality

Many cultures have stories about a hero who goes on a quest, such as Hercules, King Arthur, and Gilgamesh. What would Carl Jung say this exemplified? A. archetypes B. the shadow C. the id D. womb envy

A. archetypes

Which of the following models proposes that there are five core traits, each of which represents a range between two extremes and which, in combination, can best describe a person's personality? A. the Big Five B. All of the other options are correct. C. OCEAN D. the Five Factor model

B. All of the other options are correct.

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________. A. a need to conform to expectations B. an internal locus of control C. poor self-regulation D. an external locus on control

B. an internal locus of control

Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does this exemplify? A. collective unconscious B. archetype C. Freudian slip D. repressed memory

C. Freudian slip

________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics. A. Temperament B. Personality C. Heritability D. Traits

C. Heritability

What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? A. An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan. B. Failure to resolve the Oedipal complex was the reason some people are gay. C. Individuals are either introverts or extroverts. D. An individual's personality is determined in childhood.

A. An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan.

What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians? A. Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex. B. Sigmund Freud did not emphasize childhood sexuality while the neo-Freudians did. C. Neo-Freudians theorized about personality while Sigmund Freud did not. D. Sigmund Freud was a feminist while the neo-Freudians were not.

A. Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex.

According to Freud, what is a fixation? A. a state which occurs when a stage of development does not get resolved properly B. a stage of psychosexual development C. a state which occurs when the different structures of personality get locked into an unwinnable battle D. the bonding which occurs between a mother and her child

A. a state which occurs when a stage of development does not get resolved properly

Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify? A. denial B. rationalization C. displacement D. rejection

A. denial

Freud proposed three structures of personality which were in conflict due to different wants; which of the following is NOT one of those structures? A. the shadow, which wants to unlimited power B. superego, which wants us to be moral C. ego, which wants to meet demands of society D. id, which wants instant gratification

A. the shadow, which wants to unlimited power

What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart? A. Identical twins have very similar personality when raised together, but not when raised apart. B. Twins of any kind have very similar personalities, regardless of where they are raised. C. Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities. D. Fraternal twins have very similar personalities whether raised together or apart.

C. Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities.

According to Adler, a(n) ________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society. A. Oedipal B. Freudian C. inferiority D. Electra

C. inferiority

Lawrence is practical, conventional, and prefers to stick to his regular daily routines. Which of the following personality traits would he score low on? A. conscientiousness B. agreeableness C. openness D. neuroticism

C. openness

According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the ________ stage of her psychosexual development. A. phallic B. anal C. oral D. genital

C. oral

According to Carl Rogers, a healthy personality would result from congruence between one's ______ self and their ________ self. A. internalized; externalized B. guided; achieved C. real; ideal D. felt; perceived

C. real; ideal

Which model proposes that personality is largely accounted for by a combination of core traits involving extraversion, neuroticism, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness? A. Freud's B. Hexaco C. Adler's D. Five Factor

D. Five Factor

Which individual is probably not living in a culture that promotes a collectivist view of the world? A. Margaret, who lives in South Korea B. Marta, who lives in Brazil C. Aaron, who lives in South Africa D. James, who lives in England

D. James, who lives in England

________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving. A. Neo-Freudian B. Humanistic C. Biological D. Trait

D. Trait

According to Rogers, how can parents help their children achieve high congruence? A. not allowing them to use their defense mechanisms B. pointing out their mistakes so that they learn not to repeat them C. forcing them to be independent from a nearly age D. giving them unconditional positive regard

D. giving them unconditional positive regard

After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify? A. reaction formation B. sublimation C. projection D. regression

D. regression