Ch. 11 Muscular System

Synergist

A muscle that assists the prime mover in performing a particular action

The site with a movable and every muscle attaches to bone or other connective tissue

Insertion

Muscular floor of the pelvic cavity is formed by muscles that make up the

Ischium and the pubis

Rectus femoris

Large quadricep muscle that extends the leg and flexes the thigh.

Deltoid

Major abductor of the arm

Third-class

Most common levers in the body

A muscle is contraction is chiefly responsible for producing a particular movement

Prime mover

Actions that the arm muscles produce that are not evident in the action of the leg muscles

Pronation and supination

Muscles that arise on the humorous and the forearm and rotate the radius without producing either flexion or extension of the elbow are

Pronator teres and supinator

Extensors that move the lower leg, commonly known as the quadriceps

Rectus femoris, Vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis

The integumentary system helps the skin surface remove excess heat generated by muscle activity, ___ mechanisms are also coordinating responses to maintain homeostasis

Respiratory, nervous, and cardiovascular

Muscles that bring team together during mastication

Temporalis, pterygoid, and masseter

Muscles that move the shoulder girdle

Teres major, deltoid, pectoralis major, triceps

Popliteus

Term that identifies the region of the body behind the knee

A first class lever is one in which

The fulcrum lies between the applied force and the resistance

Muscle groups that are responsible for movement of the thigh

Adductor, gluteal, and lateral rotator

Fibrosis

Aging skeletal muscles developed increasing amounts of fibrous connective tissue

The number of satellite cells steadily decreases with age and the

Amounts of fibrous tissue increases

Any convergent muscle the muscle fibers are

Based over a broad area, but all the fibers come together at a common attachment site

The flexors that move the lower leg, commonly known as the hamstring

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus and semitendinosus

Muscles of facial expression

Buccinator, orbicularis oris, risorius, occipitofrontalis

Muscles in the abdominal region that compressed the abdomen, depressed the ribs, and flex or bend the spine

External obliques

Sphincters

Circular muscles that guard entrances and exits of internal passageways

Muscles that move the upper arm

Deltoid, teres major, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major

Biceps brachii

Example of a parallel muscle with a central body or belly

Common functional actions of the muscle of the forearm and the upper leg

Flexion and extension

The pectoralis major produces ___ at the shoulder joint Andy latissimus dorsi muscle produces ___.

Flexion; extension

Major muscles that produce plantar flexion involved with movement of the lower leg

Gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis posterior

For all the body systems the muscular syste

Generates heat that helps maintain normal body temperature

Muscles of the tongue are identified because their descriptive name ends in this

Glossus

Superficial muscles of the spine are identified by these subdivisions

Iliocostalis, longissumus, and spinalis

Diaphragm

Muscle that separates the thoracic and the and abdominopelvic cavities

Extrinsic muscles

Muscles that position or stabilize an organ

The four types of muscles identified by different patterns of organization are

Parallel, convergent, pennate, and circular

An effect of aging on the muscular system

Tolerance for exercise decreases, skeletal muscles become less elastic, skeletal muscles become smaller in diameter, and the ability to recover from muscular injury decreases

Origin

The stationary, immovable, or less movable attachment of a muscle

Rotator cuff

The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and the teres minor muscles and their associated tendons

Nervous system

The system that controls skeletal muscle contractions

Cervicis

The term that identifies the neck region of the body

Muscles are classified functionally as synergists when

Their contraction is coordinated any way that assists another muscle and affecting a particular movement

The word bicep is used to describe a particular muscle because

There are two tendons of origin

The effect of an arrangement worry force is applied between the resistance in the fulcrum illustrates the principles operating

Third class levers

Second-class

Type of letter in which a small force can move a larger weight