Ch. 11 Muscular System
Synergist
A muscle that assists the prime mover in performing a particular action
The site with a movable and every muscle attaches to bone or other connective tissue
Insertion
Muscular floor of the pelvic cavity is formed by muscles that make up the
Ischium and the pubis
Rectus femoris
Large quadricep muscle that extends the leg and flexes the thigh.
Deltoid
Major abductor of the arm
Third-class
Most common levers in the body
A muscle is contraction is chiefly responsible for producing a particular movement
Prime mover
Actions that the arm muscles produce that are not evident in the action of the leg muscles
Pronation and supination
Muscles that arise on the humorous and the forearm and rotate the radius without producing either flexion or extension of the elbow are
Pronator teres and supinator
Extensors that move the lower leg, commonly known as the quadriceps
Rectus femoris, Vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis
The integumentary system helps the skin surface remove excess heat generated by muscle activity, ___ mechanisms are also coordinating responses to maintain homeostasis
Respiratory, nervous, and cardiovascular
Muscles that bring team together during mastication
Temporalis, pterygoid, and masseter
Muscles that move the shoulder girdle
Teres major, deltoid, pectoralis major, triceps
Popliteus
Term that identifies the region of the body behind the knee
A first class lever is one in which
The fulcrum lies between the applied force and the resistance
Muscle groups that are responsible for movement of the thigh
Adductor, gluteal, and lateral rotator
Fibrosis
Aging skeletal muscles developed increasing amounts of fibrous connective tissue
The number of satellite cells steadily decreases with age and the
Amounts of fibrous tissue increases
Any convergent muscle the muscle fibers are
Based over a broad area, but all the fibers come together at a common attachment site
The flexors that move the lower leg, commonly known as the hamstring
Biceps femoris, semimembranosus and semitendinosus
Muscles of facial expression
Buccinator, orbicularis oris, risorius, occipitofrontalis
Muscles in the abdominal region that compressed the abdomen, depressed the ribs, and flex or bend the spine
External obliques
Sphincters
Circular muscles that guard entrances and exits of internal passageways
Muscles that move the upper arm
Deltoid, teres major, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major
Biceps brachii
Example of a parallel muscle with a central body or belly
Common functional actions of the muscle of the forearm and the upper leg
Flexion and extension
The pectoralis major produces ___ at the shoulder joint Andy latissimus dorsi muscle produces ___.
Flexion; extension
Major muscles that produce plantar flexion involved with movement of the lower leg
Gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis posterior
For all the body systems the muscular syste
Generates heat that helps maintain normal body temperature
Muscles of the tongue are identified because their descriptive name ends in this
Glossus
Superficial muscles of the spine are identified by these subdivisions
Iliocostalis, longissumus, and spinalis
Diaphragm
Muscle that separates the thoracic and the and abdominopelvic cavities
Extrinsic muscles
Muscles that position or stabilize an organ
The four types of muscles identified by different patterns of organization are
Parallel, convergent, pennate, and circular
An effect of aging on the muscular system
Tolerance for exercise decreases, skeletal muscles become less elastic, skeletal muscles become smaller in diameter, and the ability to recover from muscular injury decreases
Origin
The stationary, immovable, or less movable attachment of a muscle
Rotator cuff
The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and the teres minor muscles and their associated tendons
Nervous system
The system that controls skeletal muscle contractions
Cervicis
The term that identifies the neck region of the body
Muscles are classified functionally as synergists when
Their contraction is coordinated any way that assists another muscle and affecting a particular movement
The word bicep is used to describe a particular muscle because
There are two tendons of origin
The effect of an arrangement worry force is applied between the resistance in the fulcrum illustrates the principles operating
Third class levers
Second-class
Type of letter in which a small force can move a larger weight