Ch: 11 Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea, CH13: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions, CH12: Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa and Helminths, CH 10: Classification of Microorganisms

All of the following are RNA viruses except ________. A. togaviruses B. rabies virus C. HIV-1 virus D. hepatitis B virus E. poliovirus

hepatitis B virus

Staphylococcus can grow in A. low osmotic pressure and low moisture B. high osmotic pressure and low moisture C. low osmotic pressure and high moisture D. high osmotic pressure and high moisture

high osmotic pressure and low moisture

Viruses are detected and identified by: A. lysogenics B. Capsomeres C. how they invade a cell D. how they react to antibodies

how they react to antibodies

Which type of organism might be found growing near hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor? A. halophilic B. osmophilic C. hyperthermophilic D. acidophilic

hyperthermophilic

Where do RNA viruses multiply? A) in the nucleus B) in the cytoplasm

in the cytoplasm. RNA viruses multiply in the cytoplasm of the host cell

In the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii, humans can serve as the __________. A. intermediate host B. reservoir C. definitive host D. both the definitive host and the intermediate host

intermediate host

A bacterial species differs from a species of eukaryotic organisms in that a bacterial species:: A)does not breed with other species B)has a limited geographic distribution C)is a population of cells with similar characteristics D)all of the above are true

is a population of cells with similar characteristics

Shingles is a medical condition that usually occurs years after chickenpox, even though no illness is present in the intervening period of time. This occurs because human herpes virus-3 (HHV-3) is capable of __________. A. lysogenic infection B. latent infection C. persistent infection D. lytic infection

latent infection

Which is transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito? A) malaria B) West Nile virus

malaria

Which of the following diseases is NOT transmitted to humans by an arachnid vector? A. Lyme disease B. Rocky Mountain spotted fever C. babesiosis D. malaria

malaria

During which stage do the capsomere proteins and nucleic acid assemble to form virons? A) biosynthesis B) maturation

maturation. Maturation occurs when new viral particles are forming prior to release from the cell.

Which of these viruses is known to cause a persistent viral infection? A. measles virus B. Varicellovirus C. hepatitis A virus D. herpes simplex virus

measles virus

The following stages occur during the life cycle of a helminth. Which hatches from the egg? A. metacercaria B. miracidium C. cercaria D. redia

miracidium

In fungi, what is a mass of hyphae called?

mycelium

The filaments of molds and fleshy fungi are referred to as .

mycelium

What is another name for a fungal disease?

mycosis

Which method cannot be used to culture viruses in a laboratory? A. primates B. live animals C. embryonated eggs D. nutrient agar culture media E. tissue culture

nutrient agar culture media

Where are conidium found A. within the substrate B. on top of the vegatative hyphae C. on top of the reproductive hyphae D. Within a fungus

on top of the reproductive hyphae

A reproductive structure in which new cells are produced asexually. A. proglottids B. cytostome C. scolex D. oocyst

oocyst

Most fungi are resistant to A. Low moisture B. High salt concentrations C. osmotic pressure D. sugars

osmotic pressure

The following steps occur during bacteriophage replication. What is the second step? A. lysis B. attachment C. biosynthesis D. penetration

penetration

During the bacteriophage lysogenic cycle, ________. A. no attachment occurs B. the burst time is shortened C. the host cell lyses, releasing new virions D. new phage DNA is synthesized E. phage DNA is inserted into the host chromosome

phage DNA is inserted into the host chromosome

The evolutionary history of a group of organisms is called __________. A. a cladogram B. taxonomy C. a kingdom D. phylogeny

phylogeny

If two organisms are in the same taxonomic class, then they must also be in the same __________. A. order B. family C. genus D. phylum

phylum

Which of these taxonomic terms is the most general? A. order B. phylum C. species D. genus

phylum

Viroids only infect which cell type? A) plant cells B) liver cells

plant cells. Viroids are short pieces of non-enveloped RNA which infect plant cells only

Erwinia bacteria produce an enzyme that breaks down pectin. You would expect Erwinia to cause diseases in which type of organism? A. plants B. other bacteria C. insects D. humans

plants

What is the gas-filled bladder that helps algae float in the water called?

pneumatocyst

Klebsiella pneumoniaecause what in humans?

pneumonia

The agent causing mad cow disease is a A) viroid B) prion

prion. These infectious proteins cause a variety of spongiform encephalopathies.

The body of the tapeworm is called A. proglottids B. cytostome C. scolex D. oocyst

proglottids

Which of the following characterizes the Domain Bacteria? A. multicellular B. prokaryotic cells; ether linkages in phospholipids C. eukaryotic cells; ester linkages in phospholipids D. complex cellular structures E. prokaryotic cells; ester linkages in phospholipids

prokaryotic cells; ester linkages in phospholipids

The three-domain system organizes all living organisms into two broad categories. Two of these include __________ organisms, and the third category is made up of __________ organisms. A. multicellular; unicellular B. prokaryotic; eukaryotic C. photosynthetic; heterotrophic D. eukaryotic; prokaryotic

prokaryotic; eukaryotic

What is the name given to the viral DNA incorporated into a lysogenic cell? A. prophage B. latent phage C. bacteriophage D. oncogenic virus

prophage

The largest taxonomic group (phylum) of bacteria is the __________, which includes most of the gram-negative, chemoheterotrophic bacteria.

proteobacteria

Which of the following eukaryotic microorganisms are always unicellular? A. algae B. lichens C. fungi D. protozoa

protozoa

Entamoeba histolytica belongs to which group? A) helminths B) protozoa

protozoa. This protozoan is the cause of amoebic dysentery

The phylogenetic classification of bacteria is based on: A) cell morphology B) gram stain reaction C) rRNA sequences D) habitat

rRNA sequences

Which of the following is the best reason to classify Streptococcus in the Lactobacillales? A) Gram reaction B) Morphology C) Fermentation of lactose D) rRNA sequences E) Found in dairy products

rRNA sequences

Which of these processes of viral multiplication is most likely to damage the host cell? A. viral entry into host cells by fusion B. reverse transcription of retroviral RNA C. release of nonenveloped viruses D. release of enveloped viruses E. uncoating

release of nonenveloped viruses

A virus may contain any of any of the following except ________. A. lipid envelope B. ribosomes C. spike proteins D. ssRNA E. capsid proteins

ribosomes

The head of a tapeworm is called the A. proglottids B. cytostome C. scolex D. oocyst

scolex

What are the dividing walls in the hyphae called A. Conidium B. Thallus C. septate D. karyogamy

septate

An example of a latent virus infection is ________. A. shingles B. measles C. influenza D. polio E. smallpox

shingles

Which one of the following is a biochemical test used to identify microorganisms? A. DNA-DNA hybridization B. agglutination test C. sorbitol fermentation D. Gram stain

sorbitol fermentation

How could a virus pick up a human oncogene? A. biosynthesis B. viral conversion C. reverse transcription D. specialized transduction E. transformation

specialized transduction

What is the term for the projections from the surface of the viral envelope that attach to host cells?

spikes

What reproductive structure do fungi form?

spores

Which of the following is a fungal infection that spreads throughout the body? A. cutaneous mycosis B. athlete's foot C. superficial mycosis D. systemic mycosis

systemic mycosis

Which type of host is an organism that harbors the adult, sexually mature form of a parasite? A) the definitive host B) the intermediate host.

the definitive host. The definitive host harbors the sexually mature form of a parasite and the intermediate host is the host in which the parasite undergoes asexual reproduction

Which part of the virus generally consists of some combination of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates? A) the capsomeres B) the envelope

the envelope

Which of the following factors is believed to limit the size of most bacterial cells? A. the ability to acquire oxygen for cell respiration B. the availability of nitrogen in the environment C. the availability of carbon in the environment D. the fact that nutrients must enter the cells by simple diffusion

the fact that nutrients must enter the cells by simple diffusion

Which of the following best describes a definitive host? A. the host in which an organism spends most of its life B. the host in which the organisms undergoes sexual reproduction C. the host in which the eggs hatch D. the host in which the organism undergoes asexual reproduction

the host in which the organisms undergoes sexual reproduction

You observe large (> 10 μm) oval cells in a sputum sample from a patient. Your culture of the sample reveals fuzzy filamentous colonies. You conclude that ________. A. the patient has a protozoan infection B. the patient has an infection with unusual algae C. the patient has an infection caused by a dimorphic fungus D. the patient has a yeast infection E. you contaminated the sample

the patient has an infection caused by a dimorphic fungus

All of these answers are true of yeasts except ________. A. some reproduce by budding B. they are capable of facultative anaerobic growth C. they produce colonies that are similar to bacterial colonies. D. some are used to produce ethanol in wine and beer making E. they always cause disease

they always cause disease

All of these statements are true of the genus Mycoplasma except ________. A. they may produce filaments that resemble fungi B. they are obligate intracellular pathogens C. they are unusually small bacteria D. they are highly pleomorphic E. they are genetically related to gram-positive bacteria

they are obligate intracellular pathogens

All of the following answers are true of the fungi except ________. A. they can grow in high concentrations of sugars and salts B. they are capable of metabolizing complex carbohydrates found in newspaper and wood C. diseases caused by fungi are called mycoses D. identification of fungi usually involves examination of spore types E. they are strict aerobes

they are strict aerobes

If two organisms have similar rRNA sequences, you can conclude that A. they evolved from a common ancestor. B. they will both ferment lactose. C. they live in the same place. D. they mated with each other. E. they will have different G-C ratios.

they evolved from a common ancestor

How is Rickettsia transmitted to humans? A. fecal matter B. bites of insects and ticks C. Aerosols or contaminated milk D. blood-borne

transmitted to humans by bites of insects and ticks.

A cercaria is a larva of a __________. A. nematode B. protozoan C. cestode D. trematode

trematode

True or False Trichinellosis can be transmitted by eating contaminated pork

true

After the attachment and entry of a virus into a host cell, what is the next step in the multiplication of animal viruses? A. release B. transcription of "early" genes C. uncoating D. transcription of "late" genes E. synthesis of capsid proteins

uncoating

An arthropod that transmits pathogenic microbes to a host is known as a/an .

vector

Insects that transmit diseases from one host to another are called __________. A. definitive hosts B. complete hosts C. vectors D. intermediate hosts

vectors

What type of infectious agent causes potato spindle tuber disease? A. prion B. virino C. viroid D. virus

viroid

Which of the following pairs is MISMATCHED? A. viroid: infectious DNA B. prion: infectious protein C. latent viral infection: an inactive virus D. persistent infection: an infection lasting months or years

viroid: infectious DNA

Bacteriophages A. host cells the virus can infect B. virus that infect bacteria C. and immature bacterial cell D. a phase of the lytic cycle

virus that infect bacteria

For a virus to infect the host cell, two complementary components are held together by _______ bonds

weak

Unicellular, nonfilamentous fungi are known as ________. A. yeasts B. fleshy fungi C. molds D. mushrooms E. algae

yeasts

Three important factors of alphaproteobacteria.

1. Grows at very low levels of nutrients. 2. Capable of producing nitrogen fixation 3. Some have prosthecae

One yeast can produce how many daughter cells by budding A. 4 B. 12 C. 24 D. 36

24

Fungi grow best at what pH A. 5 B. 9 C. 7 D. 3

5

How many different bacterial species have been described? A. 5000 B. 20,000 C. 50,000 D. 100,000

5000

Which of these methods can identify bacteria in a sample without culturing the bacteria? A. flow cytometry B. biochemical testing C. phage typing D. fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) E. A and D

A and D

Viruses A. are obligatory intracellular parasites B. contain a lipid coat that surrounds the nucleic acid C. can only function inside a host cell D. A and B E. A and D F all of the above

A and D they contain a protein coat that surrounds the nucleic acid

Coxiella is most commonly transmitted through A. fecal matter B. bites of insects and ticks C. Aerosols or contaminated milk

Aerosols or contaminated milk

Which of the following statements about helminths is false? A) They are heterotrophic. B) They are multicellular animals. C) They have eukaryotic cells. D) All are parasites. E) Some have male and female reproductive organs in one animal

All are parasites

Which of the following statements about fungi is false? A) All fungi are unicellular. B) All fungi have eukaryotic cells. C) Fungi are heterotrophic. D) Most fungi are aerobic. E) Few fungi are pathogenic to humans.

All fungi are unicellular

Caspid of a nonenveloped virus A. Protects the nucleic acid from nuclease enzymes B. Protects the nucleic acid from biological fluids C. Promotes the virus's attachment to susceptible host cells D. None of the above E. All of the above

All of the above

B, Planospore

Also known as Zoospore?

Club fungi

Also known as: A. Algal fungi B. Club fungi C. imperfect fungi D. sac fungi

sac fungi

Also known as: A. Algal fungi B. Club fungi C. imperfect fungi D. sac fungi

Ascomycota

Also known as: A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota

Basidiomycota

Also known as: A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota

All members of this kingdom mobtain nutrients and energy by ingesting organic matter through a mouth of some kind. A. Plantae B. Fungi C. Eucarya D. Animalia

Animalia

CHaracterized by segmented bodies, hard external skeletons, and jointed legs A. Protozoa B. Fungi C. Helminths D. Anthropods

Anthropods

Cause of west nile virus, lyme disease and the bubonic plague A. Protozoa B. Fungi C. Helminths D. Anthropods

Anthropods

Which spore forms within the conidium A. Arthrospore B. Aplanospore C. Conidiospore D. Planospores

Aplanospore

A unicellular microorganism has been isolated from an acidic sulfur-rich hot spring in Yellowstone Park. Its cell wall lacks peptidoglycan, and has no nucleus or other membranous organelles. What is the most likely classification of this microorganism? A. Protista B. Fungi C. Archaea D. gram-positive Bacteria E. gram-negative Bacteria

Archaea

Organisms that do not have peptidoglycan in there cell wall and live in extreme environments. A. Bacteria B. Algae C. Eucarya D. Archaea

Archaea

Contains the spores Blastospore, conidiospores, arthrospores, and ascospores. A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota

Ascomycota

Sac fungi: A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota

Ascomycota

Unicellular yeasts A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota

Ascomycota

All of these are asexual spores EXCEPT: A. Conidiospore B. Chlamydospore C. Blastospore D. Ascospores

Ascospores

Which of these statements is not true? A. Uncoating can occur due to host cell lysosome action. B. Attachment of animal viruses to host cells is random and nonspecific. C. Enveloped viruses are released from the cell by budding. D. Penetration of enveloped viruses can occur by a process called fusion. E. Animal viral DNA that is integrated into the host chromosome is called a provirus

Attachment of animal viruses to host cells is random and nonspecific

You have isolated an aerobic gram-positive, endospore-forming bacterium that grows well on nutrient agar. To which of the following groups does it most likely belong? A) Phototrophic bacteria B) Gammaproteobacteria C) Deltaproteobacteria D) Bacillales E) Canʹt tell

Bacillales

Bacteria that produces antibodies and can be used in biological warfare A. Proteus B .Helicobacter C. Bacillus D. Nocardia

Bacillus

Which of these bacteria is not in the phylum Actinobacteria? A. Corynebacterium B. Bacillus C. Mycobacterium WHAT IS IT?

Bacillus It is a Firmicute

Endospore-forming bacteria that causes anthrax A. Clostridium botulinum B. Bacillus anthrax C. Clostridium perfringes D. Bacillus cereus

Bacillus anthrax

Endospore-forming bacteria that causes food poisioning A. Clostridium botulinum B. Bacillus anthrax C. Clostridium tetani D. Bacillus cereus

Bacillus cereus

Which of the following organisms produce endospores? A. Salmonella species B. Bacillus species C. Escherichia species

Bacillus species

Why are archaea and bacteria—both collections of prokaryotic organisms—grouped into different domains while organisms like fungi and animals are in the same domain? A. The DNA sequences of bacteria and archaea are more different than animals and fungi. B. Fungi and animals look much more similar than bacteria and archaea. C. Bacteria and archaea differ significantly in their intracellular organization and structure, but fungi and animals have similar intracellular structure. D. Bacteria and archaea differ significantly in their rRNA sequences, but fungi and animals share some rRNA characteristics.

Bacteria and archaea differ significantly in their rRNA sequences, but fungi and animals share some rRNA characteristics

Why is visualization not sufficient to properly identify bacteria? A. Not all bacteria can be seen with a light microscope. B. Identification is only needed in clinical specimens. C. Bacteria have a limited set of shapes and many unrelated bacteria share the same shape. D. Many unrelated bacteria can share the same shape. E. Bacteria have a limited set of shapes.

Bacteria have a limited set of shapes and many unrelated bacteria share the same shape

Which of the following are anaerobic, gram-negative rods: A)Escherichia B)Staphylococcus C)Bacteroides D)Treponema

Bacteroides

Which of the following genera is an anaerobic gram-negative rod? A) Escherichia B) Staphylococcus C) Bacteroides D) Treponema E) Neisseria

Bacteroides

What is the gram-negative bacillus that causes cat-scratch disease.

Bartonella henselae

CRyptococcus neoformans: A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota

Basidiomycota

Club fungi: A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota

Basidiomycota

Mushrooms, rust, smut A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota

Basidiomycota

Spores: Basidiospore and Chlamydospore A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota

Basidiomycota

Which class often uses nutrient substances that diffuse away from areas of anaerobic decomposition of organic matter. A. Gammaproteobacteria B. Betaproteobacteria C. Epsilonproteobacteria D. Actinobacteria

Betaproteobacteria

A type of strain that that varient of a prokaryotic strain due to physiological differences A. Biovar B. Morphovar C. Serovar

Biovar

All of the following are sexual spores EXCEPT: A. Ascospores B. Blastospore C. Zygospores D. Basidiospore

Blastospore

Name that microbe 1. nonmotile and aerobic 2. betaproteobacteria 3. cause of whooping cough 4. gram-negative rod shaped

Bordetela

Which of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the others? A. Rickettsia B. Bordetella C. Brucella D. Bartonella WHY?

Bordetella is a betaproteobacterai Rickettsia, Brucella, and Bartonella are Alphaproteobacteria

All of the following can form filaments except ________. A. Nocardia B. Mycoplasma C. Borrelia

Borrelia

Which of the following is NOT an enteric? A) Salmonella B) Shigella C) Escherichia D) Enterobacter E) Campylobacter

Campylobacter

Yeast infections are caused by A) Candida albicans B) Stachybotrys

Candida albicans. Candida albicans yeast infections may occur in the mouth as thrush or as vulvovaginal candidiasis in females.

Protein sub-units that make up the protein coat that protects the nucleic acid A. Caspid B. Capsomeres C. Envelope D. Spikes

Capsomeres

In nonenveloped viruses, protects the nucleic acid from biological fluids A. Viriods B. Spikes C. Caspid D. Hemagglutination

Caspid

In nonenveloped viruses, what promotes the viruses attachment to susceptible host cells A. Cytopathic Effect B. Spikes C. Caspid D. Hemagglutination

Caspid

In nonenveloped viruses, what protects the nucleic acid from nuclease enzymes A. Caspid B. Spikes C. Cytopathic Effect D. Hemagglutination

Caspid

The protein coat that protects the nucleic acid A. Caspid B. Capsomeres C. Envelope D. Spikes

Caspid

Define Taxonomy A. Categorize organisms to show degrees of similarities among them B. Identify the evolutionary history of organisms C. Provide a timeline for the emergence of taxa

Categorize organisms to show degrees of similarities among them

Cultivated in cell culture A. Provides a way of studying a disease's progression B. Cell infection by a virus causes observable changes to the cells called cytopathic effects C. How vaccines are produced

Cell infection by a virus causes observable changes to the cells called cytopathic effects

Also known as a tapeworm A. Cestodes B. Trematodes C. Nematoda D. Amebae

Cestodes

Taenia solium is a A. Nematode B. Trichinella C. Cestodes D. Trematodes

Cestodes

Gebetically related groups are called: A. Molecular clock B. Clades C. Clone D. Endosymbiotic theory

Clades

A pure culture is a population of cells derived from a single parent. A. Molecular clock B. Clades C. Clone D. Endosymbiotic theory

Clone

Which of the following is an endospore-forming bacterium? A. Nocardia B. Clostridium C. Corynebacterium

Clostridium

Endospore-forming bacteria that causes botulism A. Clostridium botulinum B. Bacillus anthrax C. Clostridium tetani D. Bacillus cereus

Clostridium botulinum

Which organism is an obligate anaerobe? A. Clostridium perfringens B. Staphylococcus aureus C. Escherichia coli D. Bacillus anthracis

Clostridium perfringens

Endospore-forming bacteria that causes gangrene A. Clostridium botulinum B. Bacillus anthrax C. Clostridium perfringes D. Bacillus cereus

Clostridium perfringes

Endospore-forming bacteria that causes tetanus A. Clostridium botulinum B. Bacillus anthrax C. Clostridium tetani D. Bacillus cereus

Clostridium tetani

Bacteriophages are this type of virus A. Helical Viruses B. Polyhedral Viruses C. Enveloped Viruses D. Complex Viruses

Complex Viruses

Have complicated structures A. Helical Viruses B. Polyhedral Viruses C. Enveloped Viruses D. Complex Viruses

Complex Viruses

Exospores formed on the outside of the conidium A. Arthrospore B. Chlamydospore C. Conidiospore D. Planospores

Conidiospore

What produces asexual spores A. Vegatative hyphae B. Reproductive hyphea C. Conidium D. Mycelium

Conidium

Cell infection by a virus causes observable changes to the cells called cytopathic effects A. cultivated in a living animal B. Cultivated in cell culture C. Cultivated in embryonated poultry eggs

Cultivated in cell culture

Useful for studying viral behavior but also for clinical diagnostic purpose A. cultivated in a living animal B. Cultivated in cell culture C. Cultivated in embryonated poultry eggs

Cultivated in cell culture

How vaccines are produced A. cultivated in a living animal B. Cultivated in cell culture C. Cultivated in embryonated poultry eggs

Cultivated in embryonated poultry eggs

One can acquire this by contact with infected hairs and epidermal cells such as shower floors or hairs. A. Systemic Mycosis B. Subcutaneous Mycosis C. Cutaneous Mycosis D. Superficial Mycosis E. Oppertunistic Mycosis

Cutaneous Mycosis

Viruses infecting a monolayer sometimes causes the cells to deteriorateas they multiply A. Cytopathic Effect B. Primary cell lines C. Diploid cell lines

Cytopathic Effect

Quickly detects a pathogen in a host or environment by identifying a gene that is unique to that pathogen. A. DNA chips B. Ribotyping C. DNA fingerprinting D. Fluorescent in situ Hybridization

DNA chips

Provides information about their genetic similarities and differences: A. Biochemical Tests B. Serology C. DNA fingerprinting D. NUcleic Acid Amplification Tests

DNA fingerprinting

Used to determine hospital acquired infections A. Biochemical Tests B. Serology C. DNA fingerprinting D. NUcleic Acid Amplification Tests

DNA fingerprinting

Viruses possess genetic material comprised of ________. A. DNA or RNA B. DNA only C. RNA only D. protein only E. DNA and RNA together

DNA or RNA

Diploid cell line A. Viruses infecting a monolayer sometimes causes the cells to deteriorateas they multiply B. Derived from tissue slices, tend to die after only a few generations C. Derived for human embryos, widely used for culturing viruses that require a human host

Derived for human embryos, widely used for culturing viruses that require a human host

Primary cell line A. Viruses infecting a monolayer sometimes causes the cells to deteriorateas they multiply B. Derived from tissue slices, tend to die after only a few generations C. Derived for human embryos, widely used for culturing viruses that require a human host

Derived from tissue slices, tend to die after only a few generations

99% of fungal diseases. A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota

Deuteromycota

Candida albicans: A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota

Deuteromycota

Imperfect fungi: A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota

Deuteromycota

ONLY asexual spores: A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota

Deuteromycota

Derived for human embryos, widely used for culturing viruses that require a human host A. Cytopathic Effect B. Primary cell lines C. Diploid cell lines

Diploid cell lines

Which of the following is in the correct order? A. Kingdom, Domain, Phylum, Class, Family, Order, Genus, Species B. Kingdom, Domain, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species C. Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species D. Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Family, Order, Class, Genus, Species E. Kingdom, Domain, Phylum, Family, Order, Class, Genus, Species

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

What is the difference between a kingdom and a domain? A. Domains are smaller than kingdoms B. Domains are: Eucarya, Bacteria, and Archaea C. Virues can be found in domains D. none of the above

Domains are: Eucarya, Bacteria, and Archaea

Name that microbe 1. One of the most common inhabitants of human intestinal tract 2. transmitted through fecal contamination 3. Not usually pathogenic

E. coli

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of spirochetes? A) Possess an axial filament B) Gram-negative C) Helical shape D) Easily observed with brightfield microscopy E) Difficult to culture in vitro

Easily observed with brightfield microscopy

Symptoms: liver enlargement, hooklets in sputum, and possible anaphylactic shock when cyst reputures A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Echinococcus granulosus C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis

Echinococcus granulosus

Transmission: herivores, dogs A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Echinococcus granulosus C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis

Echinococcus granulosus

You have isolated a gram-positive rod. What should you do next? A) Gram stain B) Lactose fermentation C) Endospore stain D) Flagella stain E) Enterotube

Endospore stain

Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells living inside one another is: A. Molecular clock B. Clades C. Clone D. Endosymbiotic theory

Endosymbiotic theory

The ONLY pathogenic amoeba found in the human intestines A. Entamoeba histolytica B. Taenia saginata C. Trichinella spiralis D. Enterobius vermicularis

Entamoeba histolytica

Widely distributed in humans and animals, as well as water, sewage, and soil. Causes urinary tract infections. A. Erwinia B. Klebsiella C. Enterobacter D. Yersinia

Enterobacter

E. cloacae and E. aerogenes are from the genus ______ and can cause_____ A. Mycobacterium, tuberculosis B. Enterococcus, surgical wound infections C. Enterobacter, urinary tract infections D. Escherichia, food poisioning

Enterobacter, urinary tract infections

Which of the following is a bacterial family name? A. E. coli B. Enterobacteriaceae C. Escherichia D. Gammaproteobacteria

Enterobacteriaceae

They inhibit the intestinal tracts of humans and other animals, active fermenters of glucose and other carbohydrates. They produce a protein called bacteriocins. A. Enterobacteriales B. Vibrionales C. Legionellales D. Bacillales

Enterobacteriales

Symptoms: Causes anal itching, restlessness, irritability, nervousness and poor sleep A. Enterobius vermicularis B. Trichuris trichiura C. Necator americanus D. Taenia solium

Enterobius vermicularis

Transmission: thumb sucking and nail biting A. Enterobius vermicularis B. Trichuris trichiura C. Necator americanus D. Taenia solium

Enterobius vermicularis

Which parasitic helminth lives near the anus of infected children? A) Enterobius vernicularis B) Trichinella spiralis

Enterobius vernicularis

Adapted to areas of the body that are rich in nutrients but low in oxygen ( GI tract, vagina, and oral cavity) A. Mycobacterium B. Enterococcus C. Enterobacter D. Escherichia

Enterococcus

A combination of lipids, proteins, and carbs that cover the protein coat that protects the nucleic acid A. Caspid B. Capsomeres C. Envelope D. Spikes

Envelope

Herpes Simplex virus is this type of virus: A. Helical Viruses B. Polyhedral Viruses C. Enveloped Viruses D. Complex Viruses

Enveloped Viruses

Influenza is this type of virus A. Helical Viruses B. Polyhedral Viruses C. Enveloped Viruses D. Complex Viruses

Enveloped Viruses

Roughly spherical shaped viruses A. Helical Viruses B. Polyhedral Viruses C. Enveloped Viruses D. Complex Viruses

Enveloped Viruses

Produces an enzyme that hydrolyzes the pectin in plant cells, causing plant rot A. Erwinia B. Klebsiella C. Enterobacter D. Yersinia

Erwinia

Which of these bacteria is not associated with foodborne illness? A. Staphylococcus aureus B. Shigella C. Salmonella D. Erwinia

Erwinia

Which one of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the others? A) Bacillus B) Escherichia C) Lactobacillus D) Staphylococcus E) Streptococcus

Escherichia

Organisms such as fungi, protista, plantea and animalia are A. Bacteria B. Procaryotic C. Eucarya D. Archaea

Eucarya

Which of the following are found primarily in the intestines of humans? A) Gram-negative aerobic rods and cocci B) Aerobic, helical bacteria C) Facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods D) Gram-positive cocci E) Endospore-forming rods

Facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods

True or False A virion is an infectious fragment of "naked" RNA

False

True or False All fungi produce both asexual spores and sexual spores

False

True or False Ebola virus is one of the smallest viruses that infect humans

False

True or False Nematodes are always intestinal parasites

False

True or False The H5N1avian influenza (bird flu) virus is readily spread from human to human

False

True or False Viruses can be grown only in living animal or plant hosts

False

True or False Capsomeres make up the spikes on the surfaces of viruses to aid in attachment to the host cell.

False

True or False Some viruses are able to multiply independently outside a host cell.

False

True or False Viruses that contain RNA are called virions and those with DNA are called viroids.

False

True/False Fungal spores are the same as bacterial spores

False

True/False Gram stains alone can be used to identify bacteria

False

True/False In the domain system of classification, viruses are in the Domain Archaea.

False

True/False Microorganisms must be cultured before they can be identified

False

True/False Once a scientific name is assigned for an organism, it is never changed

False

True/False The highest level in the taxonomic hierarchy is "Kingdom."

False

True/False There are no fossil remains of prokaryotes

False

True/False Nucleic Acid can only be single-stranded

False Nucleic acid can be single-stranded or double-stranded

True/False A virus can have both DNA and RNA

False Viruses can have DNA or RNA but NEVER both

True/False Mycobacterium can grow at refrigerator temperatures. This characteristic, combined with their ability to utilize proteins and lipids, make them an important contributor to food spoilage. If false, what genus is this and what class do they belong to?

False, pseudomonads and gammaproteobacteria

The suffix -viridae is used for A. Genus names B. Family names C. Order names

Family names

Used to determine the identity, abundance, and relative activity of a microorganism in an environment and can be used to detect bacteria that have not yet been cultured A. DNA chips B. Ribotyping C. DNA fingerprinting D. Fluorescent in situ Hybridization

Fluorescent in situ Hybridization

Which of the following statements is false? A) Fungi produce sexual spores. B) Fungi produce asexual spores. C) Fungal spores are used in identification of fungi. D) Fungal spores are resting spores to protect the fungus from adverse environmental conditions. E) Fungal spores are for reproduction.

Fungal spores are resting spores to protect the fungus from adverse environmental conditions.

Responsible for food spoilage and disease in plants and humans. A. Protozoa B. Helminths C. Fungi D. Arthropods

Fungi

These are chemoheterotrophs A. Protozoa B. Fungi C. Helminths D. Anthropods

Fungi

They have a cell wall and cell membrane that contain sterols A. Protozoa B. Fungi C. Helminths D. Anthropods

Fungi

Yeasts belong to the Kingdom: A) Fungi B) Plantae C) Protista D) Bacteria

Fungi

You have found an organism that is eukaryotic and multicellular. It obtains nutrients by absorbing dissolved organic matter across its cell membrane. To which kingdom does it belong? A. Protista B. Plantae C. Animalia D. Fungi

Fungi

What is the largest subgroup of the proteobacteria? A. Gammaproteobacteria B. Betaproteobacteria C. Epsilonproteobacteria D. Actinobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria

The suffix -virus is used for A. Genus names B. Family names C. Order names

Genus names

You have isolated a prokaryotic cell. The first step in identification is a(n) A) Gram stain. B) Lactose fermentation test. C) Endospore stain. D) Flagella stain. E) DNA fingerprint.

Gram stain

You have isolated a prokaryotic cell. The first step in identification is a(n) A. endospore stain. B. Gram stain. C. flagella stain. D. DNA fingerprint. E. lactose fermentation test

Gram stain.

Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, and Serratia are all A) Pathogens. B) Gram-negative facultatively anaerobic rods. C) Gram-positive aerobic cocci. D) Fermentative. E) Endospore-forming bacteria.

Gram-negative facultatively anaerobic rods.

Staphylococcus and Streptococcus can be easily differentiated in a laboratory by which one of the following? A) Cell shape B) Gram stain reaction C) Growth in high salt concentrations D) Ability to cause disease E) Glucose fermentation

Growth in high salt concentrations

High/Low Fungi and grow in _____ sugar or salt concentrations

HIGH

Rabies and Ebola hemorrhagic fever are this type of virus A. Helical Viruses B. Polyhedral Viruses C. Enveloped Viruses D. Complex Viruses

Helical Viruses

Resemble long rods that may be rigid or flexible A. Helical Viruses B. Polyhedral Viruses C. Enveloped Viruses D. Complex Viruses

Helical Viruses

Which of the following is an example of a helical bacterium that does not make a complete twist? A. Treponema B. Helicobacter C. Yersinia D. Serratia E. Klebsiella

Helicobacter

Which of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the others? A. Helicobacter B. Treponema C. Leptospira D. Borrelia WHY?

Helicobacter is an epsilonproteobacteria. Treponema, Borrellia and Leptospira are spirochaetes

Gram-negative helical rods that are the most common cause of peptic ulcers and stomach cancer. A. Salmonella bongori B. Serratia marcescens C. Yersinia pestis D. Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori

Multicellular animals and many are parasitic. A. Arthropods B. Protozoa C. Helminths

Helminths

Produce a large number of eggs. A. Protozoa B. Fungi C. Helminths D. Anthropods

Helminths

The ability of certain viruses to clump red blood cells due to spikes A. Viriods B. Capsomeres C. Cytopathic Effect D. Hemagglutination

Hemagglutination

Rickettsia enters the host cell through ____

Hint 1: AkA eating or devouring a cell phagocytosis

Name that microbe: 1. obligated parasite of mammals and cause the disease Brucellosis. 2. small nonmotile coccobacilli 3. survives phagocytosis 4. Alphaproteobacteria

Hint 1: Answer is in the name of the disease Brucella

Name three Alphaproteobacteria?

Hint 1: BrB Hint 2: The three alpha dogs are Bart, Rick and Bruce Bartonella, Rickettsia, Brucella

Proteobacteria are seperated into how many class? Name the classes.

Hint 1: Classes designated by greek letters Hint 2: B.A.D.G.E. Betaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Epsilonproteobacteria

The four orders of Gammaproteobacteria

Hint 1: EnteroPs ViLe Enterobacteriales, Pseudomonadales, Vibrionales, Legionellales

Name the nine enterobacteriales

Hint 1: SKYPE SEES enterics Shigella, Klebsiella, Yersinia, Proteus, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Escherichia, Erwinia, Serratia

What is the purpose of taxonomy?

Hint 1: Taxas are a CIN To classify, Identify, and nomenclature (name)

Name two Betaproteobacteria

Hint 1: Your niece is bored Neisseria and Bordetella

After enter the host cell, Rickettsia repoduces through ____ (2 words)

Hint1: how do prokaryotic cells reproduce Binary fission

Necator americanus is a A. Pinworm B. Whipworm C. Hookworm D. Tapeworm

Hookworm

Cultivated in embryonated poultry eggs A.The only way to measure the body's immune response to a particular virus B. Useful for studying viral behavior but also for clinical diagnostic purpose C. How vaccines are produced

How vaccines are produced

Cells of a multicellular fungus are commonly joined to form thin tubes called ______.

Hyphae

Which of the following best describes the difference between classification and identification? A. Identification tests are usually very complicated and take a long time to complete. B. Classification is usually done for practical purposes, whereas identification is for taxonomy. C. Classification schemes are frequently given in a dichotomous key. D. Identification is more practical in its purpose. For example, it is used to diagnose infection.

Identification is more practical in its purpose. For example, it is used to diagnose infection. Classification involves naming organisms are and placing them into taxonomic groupings based on their relatedness to other organisms. Identification involves the use of standardized and more rapid types of tests to determine the identity of an organism in a given sample. This is usually done for practical purposes

Cultivated in embryonated poultry eggs A.The only way to measure the body's immune response to a particular virus B. Useful for studying viral behavior but also for clinical diagnostic purpose C. Inoculated by a hole drilled in the shell

Inoculated by a hole drilled in the shell

Which of the following statements concerning Mycobacterium tuberculosis is true? A. It grows very quickly. B. It lacks a cell wall. C. It is very sensitive to environmental stresses, such as drying. D. It is aerobic.

It is aerobic

Which of the following statements about the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever is FALSE? A. It is an intracellular parasite. B. It is transmitted by ticks. C. It is gram-negative. D. It is in the genus Rickettsia. E. It is found in soil and water.

It is found in soil and water.

Which of the following statements about the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever is false? A) It is an intracellular parasite. B) It is transmitted by ticks. C) It is in the genus Rickettsia. D) It is gram-negative. E) It is found in soil and water.

It is found in soil and water.

How does the malachite green stain enter an endospore? A. It is dissolved in alcohol. B. It is mixed with the mordant tannic acid. C. It is heated. D. It is mixed with hydrochloric acid

It is heated

Burkholderia was reclassified from the gammaproteobacteria to the betaproteobacteria because A) It grows in disinfectants. B) It is a gram-negative rod. C) It causes infections in cystic fibrosis patients. D) It causes melioidosis. E) Its rRNA sequence is similar to that of Neisseria

Its rRNA sequence is similar to that of Neisseria

Mycoplasmas differ from other bacteria in that they A) Grow inside host cells. B) Lack a cell wall. C) Are acid-fast. D) Are motile. E) Are gram-negative

Lack a cell wall

Has an ability to survive and reproduce within aquatic amoebas which makes them difficult to eradicate in water systems. A. Coxiella B. Shigella C. Helicobacter D. Legionella

Legionella

Which member of the gammaproteobacteria is a potential cause of pneumonia and can be found in warm-water supply lines and air conditioning cooling towers? A. Coxiella B. Salmonella C. Legionella D. Mycoplasma E. Klebsiella

Legionella

Your roommate tells you that the maple syrup has bacterial growth. Without looking, you suspect the growth is actually a fungus. Why? A. Fungi can metabolize wood. B. Bacteria do not grow on sugar. C. Maple syrup has a high osmotic pressure. D. Fungi are usually aerobes.

Maple syrup has a high osmotic pressure

Which of the following is an example of a dye used in a simple stain? A. Carbolfuchsin B. Methylene blue C. Eosin D. Nigrosin

Methylene blue

Smallest self replicating organism that is capable of free-living existence A. Mycobacterium B. Enterococcus C. Microplasmatales D. Escherichia

Microplasmatales

A type of strain that that varient of a prokaryotic strain due to shapes A. Biovar B. Morphovar C. Serovar

Morphovar

Term used for all filaments of a mold. A. hyphae B. Conidium C. Mycelium D. Substrate

Mycelium

Which of the following lacks a cell wall? A) Borrelia B) Mycoplasma C) Mycobacterium D) Clostridium E) Nocardia

Mycoplasma

What is a plant that depends on symbiotic fungi A. Plasmagany B. Karyogamy C. Mycelium D. Mycorrhizae

Mycorrhizae

Can be used to increase the amount of microbial DNA to levels that can be tested by gel electrophoresis A. Biochemical Tests B. Serology C. DNA fingerprinting D. NUcleic Acid Amplification Tests

NUcleic Acid Amplification Tests

Symptoms: Anemia, weakness, fatigue, physical and mental retardation A. Enterobius vermicularis B. Trichuris trichiura C. Necator americanus D. Taenia solium

Necator americanus

Transmission: larvae live in soi and penetrate the skin of the sole of the foot, into blood stream, then heart and lungs to GI tract A. Enterobius vermicularis B. Trichuris trichiura C. Necator americanus D. Taenia solium

Necator americanus

Name that microbe 1. Inhabits the mucous membrane of mammals 2. gram-negative cocci 3. causes gonorrhoea and meningitis

Neisseria

Which of the following bacteria is incorrectly matched with gram reaction and morphology? A. Staphylococcus; gram-positive coccus B. Salmonella; gram-negative rod C. Neisseria; gram-positive coccus D. Bacillus; gram-positive rod

Neisseria; gram-positive coccus

Also known as roundworm A. Cestodes B. Trematodes C. Nematoda D. Amebae

Nematoda

Cylindrical and tapered with complete digestive systems A. Cestodes B. Trematodes C. Nematoda D. Amebae

Nematoda

Enterobius Vermicularis A. Cestodes B. Trematodes C. Nematoda D. Amebae

Nematoda

Enterobius vermicularis is a A. Nematode B. Trichinella C. Cestodes D. Trematodes

Nematode

Necator americanus is a A. Nematode B. Trichinella C. Cestodes D. Trematodes

Nematode

Trichuris trichiura is a A. Nematode B. Trichinella C. Cestodes D. Trematodes

Nematode

While working with a broth culture of archaea in the laboratory, you accidentally spill some of the microorganisms on yourself. Do you need to be concerned about developing an infection? Why or why not? A. No; archaea are prokaryotic, so they cannot cause infection. B. Yes; certain archaea can be pathogenic, so an infection could occur. C. No; archaea are not pathogenic. D. Yes; all infectious prokaryotes are archaea

No; archaea are not pathogenic

Which of the following domains includes viruses? A. Archaea B. Bacteria C. Eukarya D. None of these choices is correct.

None of these choices is correct Viruses are not classified in any of the three domains because they are not composed of cells

Measures the ability of DNA strands from one organism to bybridize with DNA strands of another organism A. Nucleic Acid Hybridization B. Serology C. DNA fingerprinting D. NUcleic Acid Amplification Tests

Nucleic Acid Hybridization

Chinese Liver fluke A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis

Opisthorchis sinensis

Disease: affects distal end of the bile duct A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis

Opisthorchis sinensis

Symptoms: Biliary hyperplasia, fatty degeneration of the liver, pancreatitis, epigastric pain, anorexia, diarrhea, hepatomegaly A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis

Opisthorchis sinensis

Transmission: Eggs attack snails, then attack fish A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis

Opisthorchis sinensis

Candidiasis which causes yeast infection is a: A. Systemic Mycosis B. Subcutaneous Mycosis C. Cutaneous Mycosis D. Superficial Mycosis E. Oppertunistic Mycosis

Oppertunistic Mycosis

Due to a generally harmless fungus becoming pathogenic in a compromised host A. Systemic Mycosis B. Subcutaneous Mycosis C. Cutaneous Mycosis D. Superficial Mycosis E. Oppertunistic Mycosis

Oppertunistic Mycosis

Toxoplasmosis also known as Cat scratch disease is a: A. Systemic Mycosis B. Subcutaneous Mycosis C. Cutaneous Mycosis D. Superficial Mycosis E. Oppertunistic Mycosis

Oppertunistic Mycosis

The suffix -ales is used for A. Genus names B. Family names C. Order names

Order names

Which of the following best describes phage typing? A. Phage typing helps identify bacterial species and strains, based on the type of bacteriophage they are susceptible to. B. Phage typing classifies bacteriophage based on the type of cells they can infect. C. Phage typing is a method of classifying bacteriophage based on the type of nucleic acid. D. Phage typing classifies bacteriophage based on structure.

Phage typing helps identify bacterial species and strains, based on the type of bacteriophage they are susceptible to.

Enterobius vermicularis is a A. Pinworm B. Whipworm C. Hookworm D. Tapeworm

Pinworm

All members of this kingdom use photosynthesis. A. Plantae B. Fungi C. Eucarya D. Archaea

Plantae

You've discovered a multicellular organism that is photosynthetic. Which of the following taxonomic groups could it belong to? A. Bacteria B. Fungi C. Plantae D. Animalia

Plantae

A virus that has 20 triangular surfaces and 12 corners A. Helical Viruses B. Polyhedral Viruses C. Enveloped Viruses D. Complex Viruses

Polyhedral Viruses

A virus that has many many sides A. Helical Viruses B. Polyhedral Viruses C. Enveloped Viruses D. Complex Viruses

Polyhedral Viruses

The caspid is in the shape os a icosahedron A. Helical Viruses B. Polyhedral Viruses C. Enveloped Viruses D. Complex Viruses

Polyhedral Viruses

The poliovirus is this type of virus A. Helical Viruses B. Polyhedral Viruses C. Enveloped Viruses D. Complex Viruses

Polyhedral Viruses

Borrelia is classified as a spirochete because it A) Is aerobic. B) Possesses an axial filament. C) Is a rod. D) Is a pathogen. E) Is transmitted by ticks.

Possesses an axial filament

Derived from tissue slices, tend to die after only a few generations A. Cytopathic Effect B. Primary cell lines C. Diploid cell lines

Primary cell lines

A, conidium

Produce asexual spores?

B, Reproductive hyphae

Produces reproductive structures called conidium?

Escherichia coli belongs to the A) Proteobacteria. B) Gram-positive bacteria. C) Green sulfur bacteria. D) Spirochetes. E) Actinomycetes

Proteobacteria

What is the largest taxonomic group of bacteria?

Proteobacteria

Which genus contains swarmer cells. A. Proteus B .Helicobacter C. Bacillus D. Nocardia

Proteus

Lives in areas with large supply of water A. Protozoa B. Fungi C. Helminths D. Anthropods

Protozoa

Unicellular, eukaryotic heterotrophs that are classified largely by how they move. A. Protozoa B. Fungi C. Helminths D. Anthropods

Protozoa

Cultivated in a living animal A. Provides a way of studying a disease's progression B. Cell infection by a virus causes observable changes to the cells called cytopathic effects C. How vaccines are produced

Provides a way of studying a disease's progression

Buds that fail to detach and form a short chain of cells A. Pseudohypha B. Dermatophytes C. Stachybotrys

Pseudohypha

A bacterium isolated from the soil has the following characteristics: gram-negative straight rod, aerobic, motile, produces water-soluble pigment, readily grows on several common laboratory media. Ribosomal RNA analysis places this bacterium with the gammaproteobacteria. This organism is most likely in the genus ________. A. Vibrio B. Bacillus C. Pseudomonas D. Legionella

Pseudomonas

Are capable of growth in some antisepctics making it responsible for nosocomial infections. A. Vibrio B. Bacillus C. Pseudomonas D. Legionella

Pseudomonas

In weakened hosts, this organism can ifect the urinary tract, burns, and wounds, and can cause blood infections, abcesses, and meningitis. A. Vibrio B. Bacillus C. Pseudomonas D. Legionella

Pseudomonas

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A) Spirochete - axial filament B) Aerobic, helical bacteria - gram-negative C) Enterics - gram-negative D) Mycobacteria - acid-fast E) Pseudomonas - gram-positive

Pseudomonas - gram-positive

Also known as aerial hyphae A. Vegatative hyphae B. Reproductive hyphea C. Conidium D. Mycelium

Reproductive hyphea

Stalk like filaments that stick up over the substrate A. Vegatative hyphae B. Reproductive hyphea C. Conidium D. Mycelium

Reproductive hyphea

All distinguish parasitic helminths EXCEPT A. They lack a digestive system B. They have a reduced nervous system C. They lack the means of motion D. Reproductive system is simple

Reproductive system is simple

Rickettsias differ from chlamydias in that rickettsias A) Are gram-negative. B) Are intracellular parasites. C) Require an arthropod for transmission. D) Form elementary bodies. E) Lack cell walls.

Require an arthropod for transmission

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Neisseria? A) Requires X and V factors B) Cocci C) Gram-negative D) Oxidase-positive E) Some species are human pathogens.

Requires X and V factors

Used to determine the phylogenetic relationship among organisms A. DNA chips B. Ribotyping C. DNA fingerprinting D. Fluorescent in situ Hybridization

Ribotyping

Name that microbe: 1. Alphaproteobacteria 2. gram-negative rod shaped/ coccobacilli 3. transmitted to humans by bites of insects/ticks

Rickettsia

Which is transmitted by lice A. Rickettsia prowazekii B. Rickettsia typhi C. Rickettsia rickettsii

Rickettsia prowazekii

Which is transmitted by ticks A. Rickettsia prowazekii B. Rickettsia typhi C. Rickettsia rickettsii

Rickettsia rickettsii

Which is transmitted by rat fleas A. Rickettsia prowazekii B. Rickettsia typhi C. Rickettsia rickettsii

Rickettsia typhi

Which one of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the others? A) Bordetella B) Burkholderia C) Campylobacter D) Pseudomonas E) Salmonella

Salmonella

What is the common cause for typhoid fever A. Salmonella bongori B. Serratia marcescens C. Staphylococcus aureus D. Salmonella typhi

Salmonella typhi

Disease: Swimmers itch A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis

Schistosoma mansoni

Symptoms: Liver damage, malnutrition, weakness, fluid in abdominal cavity A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis

Schistosoma mansoni

Transmission: Male and female snails A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis

Schistosoma mansoni

C, vegatative hyphae

Secretes enzymes to digest the nutrients in the substrate?

Differentiate not only among microbial species, but also among strains of species A. Biochemical Tests B. Slide agglutination test C. Ribotyping D. Serological testing

Serological testing

A science that studies serum and immune responses that are evident in serum. A. Biochemical Tests B. Serology C. DNA fingerprinting D. NUcleic Acid Amplification Tests

Serology

A type of strain that that varient of a prokaryotic strain due to antigen differences A. Biovar B. Morphovar C. Serovar

Serovar

Distinguished by its production of red pigment A. Salmonella bongori B. Serratia marcescens C. Staphylococcus aureus D. Salmonella typhi

Serratia marcescens

Which is NOT an endosporing bacteria A. Serratia marcescens B. Bacillus anthrax C. Clostridium perfringes D. Bacillus cereus

Serratia marcescens

Only found in humans. Can cause life threatening dysentery. A. Coxiella B. Shigella C. Helicobacter D. Legionella

Shigella

Samples of unknown bacterium are placed in a drop of saline on each of several slides and mixed with antibodies A. Biochemical Tests B. Slide agglutination test C. Western blotting D. Serological testing

Slide agglutination test

Which of the following methods does NOT use antibodies? A. Southern blot B. Western blot C. ELISA test D. agglutination test

Southern blot

Strains with stable properties in common and differ significantly from other groups A. Kingdom B. Domain C. Species D. Genus

Species

A way that some cells attach to host cells A. Viriods B. Capsomeres C. Cytopathic Effect D. Spikes

Spikes

An enevelope may or may not be covered with these: A. Viriods B. Capsomeres C. Cytopathic Effect D. Spikes

Spikes

Can be used as a means of identification A. Viriods B. Capsomeres C. Cytopathic Effect D. Spikes

Spikes

Cardohydrate-protein complexes that project from the surface of some viruses A. Caspid B. Capsomeres C. Envelope D. Spikes

Spikes

A new microorganism has been discovered that resides in the mouth of dogs. This microorganism lacks a nucleus, has a cell wall consisting of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane of lipolysaccharide, is shaped like a corkscrew, and is motile by means of an axial filament. This organism is most likely related to ________. A. Alphaproteobacteria B. Spirochaetales C. Actinobacteria D. Pseudomonadales

Spirochaetales

All of the following bacteria are motile; which does (do) NOT have flagella? A) Escherichia B) Helical bacteria C) Pseudomonas D) Spirochetes E) Salmonella

Spirochetes

Sexual spores form by doing all of the following EXCEPT: A. Two hyphae grow together and fuse B. Spores formed by fusion of male and female strains C. Spores formed by partitioning of hypha or forming special structures.

Spores formed by partitioning of hypha or forming special structures.

Lives on the skin and can invade wounds. Becomes resistant to antibiotics quickly. A. Salmonella bongori B. Serratia marcescens C. Staphylococcus aureus D. Salmonella typhi

Staphylococcus aureus

A population of organisms distinguishable from other populations and arise from a single organism A. Species B. Strains C. Genus D. Hyphae

Strains

Which of the following bacteria are responsible for more infections and more different kinds of infections? A) Streptococcus B) Staphylococcus C) Salmonella D) Pseudomonas E) Neisseria

Streptococcus

Which of the following bacteria is gram-positive? A) Pseudomonas B) Salmonella C) Streptococcus D) Bacteroides E) Rickettsia

Streptococcus

A puncture wound allows spores or mycelial fragments to implant directly into the tissue beneath the skin A. Systemic Mycosis B. Subcutaneous Mycosis C. Cutaneous Mycosis D. Superficial Mycosis E. Oppertunistic Mycosis

Subcutaneous Mycosis

Sporothrix schenckii, which occurs in gardeners and farmers is a: A. Systemic Mycosis B. Subcutaneous Mycosis C. Cutaneous Mycosis D. Superficial Mycosis E. Oppertunistic Mycosis

Subcutaneous Mycosis

D, substrate

Substance that fungus is growing on?

What is the substance that a fungus grow on A. Conidium B. Mycelium C. Substrate D. Filamentous

Substrate

Dermatophytes are A. Systemic Mycosis B. Subcutaneous Mycosis C. Cutaneous Mycosis D. Superficial Mycosis E. Oppertunistic Mycosis

Superficial Mycosis

Localized along hair shafts and epidermal cells A. Systemic Mycosis B. Subcutaneous Mycosis C. Cutaneous Mycosis D. Superficial Mycosis E. Oppertunistic Mycosis

Superficial Mycosis

Cells that have flagella and move outward to the edge of the colony and then revert back to normal cells. A. prosthecae B. Swarmer cell C. bacteriocins D. seovars

Swarmer cell

Coccidioidomycosis, which occurs in the dessert and SW USA, cause respiratory infection and is a: A. Systemic Mycosis B. Subcutaneous Mycosis C. Cutaneous Mycosis D. Superficial Mycosis E. Oppertunistic Mycosis

Systemic Mycosis

Fungal infections deep within the body A. Systemic Mycosis B. Subcutaneous Mycosis C. Cutaneous Mycosis D. Superficial Mycosis E. Oppertunistic Mycosis

Systemic Mycosis

Symptoms: Anemia A. Enterobius vermicularis B. Trichuris trichiura C. Necator americanus D. Taenia solium

Taenia solium

Transmission: Infected meat A. Enterobius vermicularis B. Trichuris trichiura C. Necator americanus D. Taenia solium

Taenia solium

Echinococcus granulosus A. Pinworm B. Whipworm C. Hookworm D. Tapeworm

Tapeworm

Taenia solium is a A. Pinworm B. Whipworm C. Hookworm D. Tapeworm

Tapeworm

A system that groups viruses into families based on nucleic acid type A. Viral species B. Taxonomy C. Morphology D. Viral Characteristics

Taxonomy

Which of the following is not true for the slide agglutination test? A. The test is carried out on a microscope slide. B. This test can be used to determine bacterial identity. C. Bacteria or other cells are mixed together with antibody on a slide. D. The absence of agglutination indicates that the antibody reacted with the antigen. E. Agglutination indicates that the antibody recognizes and thus binds to the antigens on the cell surface.

The absence of agglutination indicates that the antibody reacted with the antigen

Which of the following statements concerning Pseudomonas is true? A. The bacteria are gram-positive. B. The bacteria produce endospores. C. The bacteria can metabolize a wide variety of substrates. D. This genus does not contain any pathogens.

The bacteria can metabolize a wide variety of substrates.

cultivated in a living animal A.The only way to measure the body's immune response to a particular virus B. Useful for studying viral behavior but also for clinical diagnostic purpose C. How vaccines are produced

The only way to measure the body's immune response to a particular virus

For a virus to infect the host cell A. The outer surface of the virus must chemically interact with specific receptor sites B. Two complementary components are held together by strong bonds C. The caspid must be covered by an envelope

The outer surface of the virus must chemically interact with specific receptor sites

How would you know that viruses were multiplying in a confluent lawn of E. coli on a solid culture medium? A. The bacterial culture would grow faster. B. There would be small zones of clearing in the bacterial culture. C. There would be small blue spots on the bacterial culture. D. The bacterial colonies would swell.

There would be small zones of clearing in the bacterial culture

What is the hallmark of dichotomous keys? A. They consist of a series of paired statements, in which only one statement of each pair applies to a given organism. B. They only relate to biochemical processes of the cell. C. They are open-ended questions. D. They only relate to the shape of the cell.

They consist of a series of paired statements, in which only one statement of each pair applies to a given organism

Which of the following statements about the Oomycote algae is false? A) They form hyphae. B) They produce zoospores in a sporangium. C) They cause plant diseases. D) They have chlorophyll. E) They reproduce sexually

They have chlorophyll

Which of these answers is true for the trematodes? A. They live exclusively in the host's intestinal tract. B. They may have more than one intermediate host. C. They have long, flat, segmented bodies. D. They often lack reproductive systems. E. They are classified in the Phylum Nematoda

They may have more than one intermediate host

Which is not true of the rickettsias? A. They are classified as alpha-proteobacteria. B. They reproduce by fragmentation. C. They are typically transmitted by insects and ticks. D. They can cause human diseases often characterized by a rash. E. They are obligate intracellular parasites.

They reproduce by fragmentation

How are negative stains different from other types of stains? A. They stain more than one type of specimen. B. They stain the desired structure or specimen black. C. They stain the background, leaving the cells colorless

They stain the background, leaving the cells colorless

Conidiospore

This is a diagram of A. Arthrospore B. Chlamydospore C. Conidiospore D. Planospores

Mildew

This is a diagram of A. Sacccharomyces cerevisiae B. Rhizopus nigricans C. Mildew D. Penicillium

Penicillium

This is a diagram of A. Sacccharomyces cerevisiae B. Rhizopus nigricans C. Mildew D. Penicillium

Rhizopus nigricans

This is a diagram of A. Sacccharomyces cerevisiae B. Rhizopus nigricans C. Mildew D. Penicillium

Sacccharomyces cerevisiae

This is a diagram of A. Sacccharomyces cerevisiae B. Rhizopus nigricans C. Mildew D. Penicillium

Smut fungi

This is a diagram of A. Smut fungi B. Rhizopus nigricans C. Mildew D. Penicillium

Arthrospore

This is a diagram of: A. Arthrospore B. Chlamydospore C. Conidiospore D. Planospores

Chlamydospore

This is a diagram of: A. Arthrospore B. Chlamydospore C. Conidiospore D. Planospores

Fungi

This is a picture of what?

Which of the following is not true of the Western blot? A. Proteins from a known bacterium or virus are separated by electrophoresis in this assay. B. This technique identifies signature rRNA sequences of microbes. C. After electrophoresis of serum proteins, the separated proteins are blotted onto a filter. D. It is an important test for diagnosis of both HIV infection and Lyme disease. E. After electrophoresis and transfer of proteins to a filter, specific proteins can be identified with a patient's antibodies and an enzyme linked to anti-human serum.

This technique identifies signature rRNA sequences of microbes

Affects the scalp A. Tinea capitis B. Tinea corporis C. Tinea cruris D. Tinea pedis E. Tinea unguium

Tinea capitis

Affects the torso A. Tinea capitis B. Tinea corporis C. Tinea cruris D. Tinea pedis E. Tinea unguium

Tinea corporis

Affects the groin A. Tinea capitis B. Tinea corporis C. Tinea cruris D. Tinea pedis E. Tinea unguium

Tinea cruris

Affects the feet A. Tinea capitis B. Tinea corporis C. Tinea cruris D. Tinea pedis E. Tinea unguium

Tinea pedis

Affects the nails A. Tinea capitis B. Tinea corporis C. Tinea cruris D. Tinea pedis E. Tinea unguium

Tinea unguium

What is the fundamental purpose of staining in light microscopy? A. To increase the contrast and visibility of the specimen B. To kill the specimen C. To see the specimen without the aid of a microscope D. To make the specimen appear larger in the microscope

To increase the contrast and visibility of the specimen

Also known as flukes A. Cestodes B. Trematodes C. Nematoda D. Amebae

Trematodes

Opisthorchis sinensis is a A. Nematode B. Trichinella C. Cestodes D. Trematodes

Trematodes

Schistosoma mansoni is a A. Nematode B. Trichinella C. Cestodes D. Trematodes

Trematodes

These helminths are leaf shaped with suckers A. Cestodes B. Trematodes C. Nematoda D. Amebae

Trematodes

Which of the following bacteria is gram-negative? A) Treponema B) Corynebacterium C) Bacillus D) Staphylococcus E) Mycobacterium

Treponema

Trichinella spiralis is a A. Nematode B. Trichinella C. Cestodes D. Trematodes

Trichinella

Wuchereria bancrofti is a A. Nematode B. Trichinella C. Cestodes D. Trematodes

Trichinella

Symptoms: Fever, swelling of upper eyelids, muscle soreness, myocarditis, encephalitis A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis

Trichinella spiralis

Transmission: Infected meat A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis

Trichinella spiralis

Trichinella A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis

Trichinella spiralis

Symptoms: Adbominal pain, bloody stool, weight loss A. Enterobius vermicularis B. Trichuris trichiura C. Necator americanus D. Taenia solium

Trichuris trichiura

Transmission: Ingesting mature ova into small intestine (fecal/oral) A. Enterobius vermicularis B. Trichuris trichiura C. Necator americanus D. Taenia solium

Trichuris trichiura

True or False During lysogeny, the phage remains latent

True

True or False During the maturation of enveloped viruses, the envelope is acquired through budding from the host cell membrane

True

True or False Members of a fungal phylum are characterized by a specific type of sexual spore

True

True or False Most plants benefit from symbiotic fungal partners

True

True or False Structurally, bacteriophages are complex viruses

True

True or False The phylum Platyhelminthes contains the cestodes and trematodes

True

True or False Virus spikes are used for attachment to the host cell

True

True or False There is no good animal model for HIV because the virus doesn't make other animals sick.

True

True or False Viruses contain DNA or RNA as their nucleic acid

True

True/ False The majority of bacterial species on Earth have not been successfully cultivated.

True

True/False Bergey's Manual can be used to identify bacteria

True

True/False High G+C gram-positive bacteria include mycobacteria, corynebacteria, and nocardia

True

True/False Legionella, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, and Enterobacter are in the same class of proteobacteria.

True

True/False Low G+C gram positive bacteria include common soil bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria, and several human pathogens.

True

True/False Mycobacteria are acid-fast.

True

True/False Nucleic acid can be either linear or circular

True

True/False Proteobacteria include mostly gram-negative, chemoheterotrophics

True

Asexual spores form by doing all of the following EXCEPT: A. Two hyphae grow together and fuse B. One mold or fungus will divide an area C. Spores formed by partitioning of hypha or forming special structures. D. Spores are formed by budding

Two hyphae grow together and fuse

Phylogenetics do all of the following EXCEPT: A. Show actual relationship between organisms B. Based on rRNA and DNA C. Use cell membrane to discover genome D. Based on evaluation of microbes

Use cell membrane to discover genome They use proteins.

Cultivated in cell culture A. Provides a way of studying a disease's progression B. Useful for studying viral behavior but also for clinical diagnostic purpose C. How vaccines are produced

Useful for studying viral behavior but also for clinical diagnostic purpose

Arthropods that carry pathogenic microorganisms A. Vector B. Cestodes C. Nematoda D. Amebae

Vector

Filaments that look like roots A. Vegatative hyphae B. Reproductive hyphea C. Conidium D. Mycelium

Vegatative hyphae

Following an endospore stain, how does one distinguish endospores from vegetative cells? A. Vegetative cells are pink, endospores are purple. B. Vegetative cells are purple, endospores are pink. C. Vegetative cells are pink, endospores are green. D. Vegetative cells are green, endospores are pink.

Vegetative cells are pink, endospores are green

The causative agent of cholera. This disease usually inhabits coastal salt waters and is transmitted to humans mostly by raw or undercooked shellfish. A. Vibrio B. Bacillus C. Pseudomonas D. Legionella

Vibrio

Which of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the others? A. Salmonella B. Vibrio C. Klebsiella D. Serratia WHY?

Vibrio are vibrionales Salmonella, Klebsiella and Serratiaare enterobactriales

Cultivated in embryonated poultry eggs A.The only way to measure the body's immune response to a particular virus B. Useful for studying viral behavior but also for clinical diagnostic purpose C. Viral growth may be detected by the death of the embryo

Viral growth may be detected by the death of the embryo

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of viruses? A. Viruses are unaffected by antibiotics. B. Viruses have either DNA or RNA, but not both. C. Viral nucleic acid is surrounded by a plasma membrane. D. Viruses lack an ATP-generating mechanism.

Viral nucleic acid is surrounded by a plasma membrane

A group of viruses sharing the same genetic information and ecological niche A. Viral species B. Taxonomy C. Temperate phages D. Viral Characteristics

Viral species

A completed, fully developed, infectious viral particle composed of nucleic acid and surrounded by a protein coat outside of a host cell is called: A. Caspid B. Viroid C. Prion D. Virion

Virion

A vehicle transmittion from a host cell to another A. Caspid B. Viroid C. Prion D. Virion

Virion

Must enter plants through wounds or be assisted by other plant parasites A. Caspid B. Viroid C. Prion D. Virion

Viroid

Plant cells are normally protected from disease by impermeable cell wall A. Caspid B. Viroid C. Prion D. Virion

Viroid

Short pieces of non-enveloped RNA with no protein coat A. Caspid B. Viroid C. Prion D. Virion

Viroid

Cause the synthesis of specialized structures that can transfer the viral nucleic acid to other cells A. Fungi B. Virus C. Protozoa D. Helminth

Virus

Contain a protein coat that surrounds the nucleic acid enclosed by and envelope A. Fungi B. Virus C. Helminth D. Protozoa

Virus

Contain a single type of nucleic acid A. Virus B. Helminth C. Protozoa D. Fungi

Virus

Multiply inside living cells by using the synthesizing machinery of the cell A. Protozoa B. Virus C. Helminth D. Fungi

Virus

Cytopathic Effect A. Viruses infecting a monolayer sometimes causes the cells to deteriorateas they multiply B. Derived from tissue slices, tend to die after only a few generations C. Derived for human embryos, widely used for culturing viruses that require a human host

Viruses infecting a monolayer sometimes causes the cells to deteriorateas they multiply

Which statement about viruses is FALSE? A. The genome of a virus can be either DNA or RNA, depending on the particular virus. B. Viruses will usually infect any available cell, regardless of the cell type. C. Viruses are active only when inside a cell. D. Viruses always have a protein coat.

Viruses will usually infect any available cell, regardless of the cell type

Used to identify antibodies in a patient's serum. A. Biochemical Tests B. Slide agglutination test C. Western blotting D. Serological testing

Western blotting

What is the most commonly used means to identify a virus A. Cytopathic Effect B. Biosynthesis C. Western blotting D. Hemagglutination

Western blotting

Conidium

What is A?

Reproductive Hyphae

What is B?

Vegatative Hyphae

What is C?

Substrate

What is D?

Hyphae

Where is this spore forming A. conidium B. Hyphae C. Bud

A

Which one is Blastospore?

C

Which one is Conidiospore?

C, Conidiospore

Which one is Penicillium?

B, Chlamydospore

Which one is Smut Fungi?

B

Which one is a Chlamydospore?

B

Which one is a Planospore?

A, Blastospore

Which one is a Sacccharomyces cerevisiae?

A

Which one is a arthrospore?

B, reproductive hyphae

Which one is known as Aerial Hyphae?

A, Arthrospore

Which one is mildew?

A, Blastospore

Which one is yeast buds?

Trichuris trichiura is a A. Pinworm B. Whipworm C. Hookworm D. Tapeworm

Whipworm

Disease: Elephantitis A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis

Wuchereria bancrofti

Filaria A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis

Wuchereria bancrofti

Symptoms: Fever, swelling of lymph glands, genitals and extremities A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis

Wuchereria bancrofti

Transmission: Culex, Aedes and Anopheles mosquitos A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis

Wuchereria bancrofti

Cause of the plague. Transmitted by fleas, rats, and respiratory droplets. A. Salmonella bongori B. Serratia marcescens C. Yersinia pestis D. Helicobacter pylori

Yersinia pestis

Which of the following methods could be used to differentiate between a member of domain Bacteria and a member of domain Archaea? A. You could look for the presence of mitochondria. B. You could see if the organism can survive in an extreme environment. C. You could see if the organism produces rRNA. D. You could look for the presence of peptidoglycan. E. All of the above would work. F. None of the above would work.

You could look for the presence of peptidoglycan

Algal fungi: A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota

Zygomycota

Branched nonseptate hyphae: A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota

Zygomycota

Bread molds and water molds: A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota

Zygomycota

Contain the spores zoospores, aplanospores, oospores and zygospores. A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota

Zygomycota

You have isolated a bacterium from a patient. Which of the following methods would NOT be sufficient for species identification? A. a Gram stain B. a series of rapid biochemical tests in the numerical identification format C. phage typing D. a slide agglutination test

a Gram stain

Which do all viruses have ? A) a capsid B) an envelope

a capsid

Ciguatera is caused by A) a tick bite B) a dinoflagellate neurotoxin

a dinoflagellate neurotoxin

Which pair includes organisms that are the most closely related? A. a fungus and a bacterium B. a fungus and a human C. a bacterium and an archaeon D. a bacterium and a dog

a fungus and a human These two organisms are in different domains

A clone is: A) a genetically identical population derived from a single cell B) a genetically engineered cell C) a mound of cells on the agar medium D) a taxon composed of a single species

a genetically identical population derived from a single cell

Which of the following best defines a strain: A) a pure culture B) a group of cells derived from a single parent C) a group of cells with a limited geographical distribution D) a group of cells that is not identical to other groups in the same species

a group of cells that is not identical to other groups in the same species

To what does the term viral species refer? A. a group of viruses sharing the same disease symptoms B. a group of viruses sharing the same genetic information and structure C. viruses grouped according to their susceptibility to antibiotics D. a group of viruses that are reproductively isolated E. viruses grouped according to growth on selective media

a group of viruses sharing the same genetic information and structure

Which type of organism is a nematode? A) fungus B) a helminth.

a helminth

Which of the following is not included in Domain Eukarya? A. a photosynthetic bacterium B. a slime mold C. a yeast D. a fern E. a ciliate

a photosynthetic bacterium

Which of the following is an appropriate definition for prokaryotic species? A. closely related organisms that appear identical when visualized using a microscope B. closely related organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring C. a population of cells with similar characteristics including morphology, biochemical reactions, and DNA sequences D. a population of cells with identical DNA sequences

a population of cells with similar characteristics including morphology, biochemical reactions, and DNA sequences

Which of these causes a disease called Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease? A) a virion B) a prion

a prion. Prions are infectious proteins that cause a number of neurological diseases and a virion is another name for a complete virus.

Which of these causes a disease called Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease? A) a viroid B) a prion

a prion. Prions are infectious proteins that cause a number of neurological diseases.

Which type of organism is Toxoplasma gondii? A) a protozoan parasite B) a helminth

a protozoan parasite. Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that can infect cats as well as humans

Define prosthecae

a protrusion such as stalks or buds.

When viral DNA is integrated into a host cell's chromosome, is it called A) a prophage B) a provirus.

a provirus. When viral DNA is integrated into a host cell's chromosome, is it called a provirus.

Which of the following best defines a strain? A. same as a species B. a group of organisms with a limited geographical distribution C. a group of cells derived from a single parent D. a pure culture that is not totally identical to other cultures of the same species E. a population of cells with similar characteristics

a pure culture that is not totally identical to other cultures of the same species

A genus can best be defined as A. a taxon composed of one or more species and below family. B. a taxon belonging to a species. C. a taxon composed of families. D. a taxon comprised of classes. E. the most specific taxon.

a taxon composed of one or more species and below family.

What is the name of the motile, feeding stage that all protozoa have? A) a trophozoite B) a cyst

a trophozoite. The trophozoite feeds upon bacteria and small particulate nutrients

What is the complete assembled virus known as A) a viroid B) a virion.

a virion. A virion is the complete virus.

The three domains differ in A. Lipid membrane B. rRna C. tRNA D. sensitivity to antibiotics E. all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following are possible strategies for treating viral infections? A. blocking viral attachment to host cell receptors B. blocking uncoating of the virus after entry C. blocking insertion of viral DNA into the host cell chromosomes D. blocking biosynthesis of viral nucleic acids. E. all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following techniques would allow you to easily differentiate between Staphylococcus and Enterococcus? A. Gram stain B. genetic testing C. simple stain D. all of the above

all of the above

Prions cause disease by __________. A. altering normal proteins B. altering genes C. activity of a reverse transcriptase D. causing transcription and translation of abnormal proteins

altering normal proteins

The combination of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates covering the protein coat of a virus is A) an envelope B) a capsid

an envelope. The envelope may cover the capsid of some viruses called enveloped viruses.

Which of the following is a characteristic of Clostridium? A) endospore-forming cocci B) mycobacteria C) anaerobic gram-positive rods D) aerobic-gram-negative rods

anaerobic gram-positive rods

Fungi that produce only asexual spores are called

anamorphic

Serological testing is based on the fact that: A) all bacteria have the same antigens B) antibodies react specifically with an antigen C) antibodies cause the formation of antigens D) bacteria clump together when mixed with any antibodies

antibodies react specifically with an antigen

Fungal spores ________. A. are as resistant to extreme environmental conditions as bacterial endospores are B. require moisture for survival C. are considered "reproductive" spores D. are released from the "parent" only after the parent dies E. include only sexual spores

are considered "reproductive" spores

Rickettsias are different from most other bacteria in that they __________. A. are gram-positive B. lack cell walls C. require other bacteria to help them reproduce D. are obligate intracellular parasites

are obligate intracellular parasites

Bacteria and Archaea are similar in which of the following: A) peptidoglycan cell walls B) methionine is that start signal for protein synthesis C) are prokaryotic cells with no nucleus D) sensitivity to antibiotics

are prokaryotic cells with no nucleus

Biochemical tests _________________. A. are the main methods used to identify unknown bacteria B. are used to determine rate of growth C. are visualized using microscopes D. are the most effective way to determine bacterial shape

are the main methods used to identify unknown bacteria

Phage typing is based on the fact that: A) bacteria are destroyed by viruses B) bacterial viruses attack specific cells C) viruses cause disease D) bacteria and viruses are related

bacterial viruses attack specific cells

What is a protein that help maintain the ecological balance of various entrics in the intestines. A. prosthecae B. Swarmer cell C. bacteriocins D. seovars

bacteriocins

What is the term for a virus that infects bacteria?

bacteriophage

Some viruses leave a cell by pushing through the cell membrane (rather than lysing the cell). When this happens, a portion of the membrane wraps round the viral capsid, becoming the envelope. What is the name for this process? A. lysogeny B. biosynthesis C. budding D. conjugation

budding

How does a virus generally acquire an envelope? A) endocytosis B) budding

budding. When viruses bud from the host cell, they acquire an envelope

Rickettsial infections damage the permeability of ______, which results in a spotted _____

capillaries, rash

The protein coat of a virus is called the __________. A. capsid B. capsomere C. envelope D. viral membrane

capsid

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Archaea? A. carry out unusual metabolic processes B. lack peptidoglycan in cell walls C. found in extreme environments D. cause disease in humans E. may be a hyperthermophile or extreme halophile

cause disease in humans

Which of the following characteristics are shared by Enterococcus and Streptococcus? A. growth patterns on blood agar B. cell arrangement C. found on/in healthy carriers D. none of the above

cell arrangement

Fungi are ________. A. lithotrophs B. photoautotrophs C. chemoautotrophs D. chemoheterotrophs E. photoheterotrophs

chemoheterotrophs

Which mode of nutrition do fungi possess? A) chemoheterotrophs B) photosynthesizers

chemoheterotrophs. Fungi require organic compounds for energy and carbon

Cell lines derived from transformed (cancerous) cells are called ________. A. embryonated B. primary cell lines C. continuous cell lines D. plaques E. monolayers

continuous cell lines

Provides a way of studying a disease's progression A. cultivated in a living animal B. Cultivated in cell culture C. Cultivated in embryonated poultry eggs

cultivated in a living animal

The only way to measure the body's immune response to a particular virus A. cultivated in a living animal B. Cultivated in cell culture C. Cultivated in embryonated poultry eggs

cultivated in a living animal

This permits the organism to survive when food, moisture or oxygen are lacking A. proglottids B. cytostome C. scolex D. cyst

cyst

Under certain adverse conditions, some protozoa produce a protective capsule. Is this a A) spore B) cyst

cyst. A cyst permits the organism to survive when food, moisture, or oxygen are lacking

Mouthlike opening, cilia take in food by waiving towards it. A. proglottids B. cytostome C. scolex D. oocyst

cytostome

The mycoplasmas appear to have evolved from gram-positive bacteria that have lost the genes that encode enzymes for peptidoglycan production. This evolutionary loss of genetic material is known as __________. (2 words)

degenerative evolution

Fungi that infect only the epidermis, hair, and nails are A) dermatophytes B) yeasts

dermatophytes. Dermatophytes secrete keratinase, which digests keratin found in hair, nails, and skin

A key difference between classification methods and identification methods is that classification methods are designed to ________. A. determine evolutionary relationships of organisms B. determine the oxygen requirements of an organism C. learn whether an organism is pathogenic D. determine if the organism is resistant to antibiotics E. examine an organism's staining characteristics

determine evolutionary relationships of organisms

Red tide" is caused by a proliferation of __________. A. red algae B. diatoms C. green algae D. dinoflagellates

dinoflagellates

Prion diseases can be acquired in all of the following ways except by ________. A. transplantation B. inherited C. direct contact D. ingestion E. contaminated surgical instruments

direct contact

Which of these factors is NOT used in classifying viruses? A. morphology B. disease symptoms C. host range D. genome

disease symptoms

You are an epidemiologist studying an emerging disease reported over the past 3 years in Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Michigan. You have noticed a seasonal pattern of disease, with new cases appearing in late April through September and peaking in July. No new cases appear during late fall or the winter months. This pattern is suggestive of ________. A. disease caused by a pathogenic algae B. disease caused by a parasitic protozoa C. disease caused by a temperature-sensitive bacterium D. disease transmission by an arthropod vector such as a mosquito or tick E. disease caused by a temperature-sensitive virus

disease transmission by an arthropod vector such as a mosquito or tick

Which of these is a neurotoxin produced by diatoms? A) domoic acid B) carrageenan

domoic acid. Domoic acid causes memory loss and diarrhea when ingested

Members of the Kingdom Fungi are ________. A. prokaryotes B. either unicellular or multicellular C. photosynthetic D. typically found in "extreme environments" E. usually motile

either unicellular or multicellular

Which method of growing viruses is common when making vaccines? A) embryonated poultry eggs B) live animals

embryonated poultry eggs

Members of the order Enterobacteriales are commonly referred to as the __________.

enterics

Some viruses have a membrane-like structure on their surface, composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. This is called a(n) __________. A. capsid B. core C. capsule D. envelope

envelope

Biochemical tests are used to determine: A) staining characteristics B) amino acid sequences C) enzymatic activities D) nucleic acid base composition

enzymatic activities

True or False Algin is a neurotoxin produced by some dinoflagellates

false

Trematodes are also known as .

flukes

Which of the following is not involved in the production of sexual spores in fungi? A. nuclear fusion B. nuclear migration C. fragmentation D. contact between two fungi E. meiosis

fragmentation

A new soil microorganism has been described. On some growth media, it forms colonies of unicellular organisms; but under certain conditions it forms long, multicellular filaments and spores. The cells have nuclei, and their cell walls are composed of chitin. To which of the following groups does this new organism belong? A. bacteria B. fungi C. archaea D. algae E. protozoa

fungi

Pseudomonadales, Legionellales, Vibrionales, Enterobacteriales, and Pasteurellales are classified as A. Gammaproteobacteria B. Betaproteobacteria C. Epsilonproteobacteria D. Actinobacteria

gammaproteobacteria

A clone is A. a genetically engineered cell. B. a mound of cells on an agar medium. C. genetically identical cells derived from a single cell. D. a taxon composed of species. E. None of the answers is correct

genetically identical cells derived from a single cell

In the scientific name Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter is the A. kingdom. B. order. C. specific epithet. D. genus. E. family.

genus.

Members of the phylum Proteobacteria are: A. gram-negative B. gram-positive

gram-negative

Enterics are __________. A. strictly anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria that always cause disease B. gram-positive bacteria found in humans C. strictly aerobic bacteria D. gram-negative facultative anaerobes that are found in the intestines of animals

gram-negative facultative anaerobes that are found in the intestines of animals

Rickettsias are: A. gram-positve rod shaped bacteria B. gram-negative rod shaped bacteria C. gram-positive spherical shaped bacteria D. gram-negative spherical shaped bacteria

gram-negative rod shaped bacteria

Which of the following is the preferred method for cultivating many animal viruses? A. growing them in animal cell cultures B. growing them in bacteria C. inoculating appropriate laboratory animals D. growing them on highly enriched agar media

growing them in animal cell cultures

Borrelia, the causative agent of Lyme disease, is a spirochete similar to the causative agent of syphilis, Treponema. Both bacteria __________. A. have axial filaments B. have flagella C. are gram-positive D. make endospores

have axial filaments