Ch: 11 Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea, CH13: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions, CH12: Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa and Helminths, CH 10: Classification of Microorganisms
All of the following are RNA viruses except ________. A. togaviruses B. rabies virus C. HIV-1 virus D. hepatitis B virus E. poliovirus
hepatitis B virus
Staphylococcus can grow in A. low osmotic pressure and low moisture B. high osmotic pressure and low moisture C. low osmotic pressure and high moisture D. high osmotic pressure and high moisture
high osmotic pressure and low moisture
Viruses are detected and identified by: A. lysogenics B. Capsomeres C. how they invade a cell D. how they react to antibodies
how they react to antibodies
Which type of organism might be found growing near hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor? A. halophilic B. osmophilic C. hyperthermophilic D. acidophilic
hyperthermophilic
Where do RNA viruses multiply? A) in the nucleus B) in the cytoplasm
in the cytoplasm. RNA viruses multiply in the cytoplasm of the host cell
In the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii, humans can serve as the __________. A. intermediate host B. reservoir C. definitive host D. both the definitive host and the intermediate host
intermediate host
A bacterial species differs from a species of eukaryotic organisms in that a bacterial species:: A)does not breed with other species B)has a limited geographic distribution C)is a population of cells with similar characteristics D)all of the above are true
is a population of cells with similar characteristics
Shingles is a medical condition that usually occurs years after chickenpox, even though no illness is present in the intervening period of time. This occurs because human herpes virus-3 (HHV-3) is capable of __________. A. lysogenic infection B. latent infection C. persistent infection D. lytic infection
latent infection
Which is transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito? A) malaria B) West Nile virus
malaria
Which of the following diseases is NOT transmitted to humans by an arachnid vector? A. Lyme disease B. Rocky Mountain spotted fever C. babesiosis D. malaria
malaria
During which stage do the capsomere proteins and nucleic acid assemble to form virons? A) biosynthesis B) maturation
maturation. Maturation occurs when new viral particles are forming prior to release from the cell.
Which of these viruses is known to cause a persistent viral infection? A. measles virus B. Varicellovirus C. hepatitis A virus D. herpes simplex virus
measles virus
The following stages occur during the life cycle of a helminth. Which hatches from the egg? A. metacercaria B. miracidium C. cercaria D. redia
miracidium
In fungi, what is a mass of hyphae called?
mycelium
The filaments of molds and fleshy fungi are referred to as .
mycelium
What is another name for a fungal disease?
mycosis
Which method cannot be used to culture viruses in a laboratory? A. primates B. live animals C. embryonated eggs D. nutrient agar culture media E. tissue culture
nutrient agar culture media
Where are conidium found A. within the substrate B. on top of the vegatative hyphae C. on top of the reproductive hyphae D. Within a fungus
on top of the reproductive hyphae
A reproductive structure in which new cells are produced asexually. A. proglottids B. cytostome C. scolex D. oocyst
oocyst
Most fungi are resistant to A. Low moisture B. High salt concentrations C. osmotic pressure D. sugars
osmotic pressure
The following steps occur during bacteriophage replication. What is the second step? A. lysis B. attachment C. biosynthesis D. penetration
penetration
During the bacteriophage lysogenic cycle, ________. A. no attachment occurs B. the burst time is shortened C. the host cell lyses, releasing new virions D. new phage DNA is synthesized E. phage DNA is inserted into the host chromosome
phage DNA is inserted into the host chromosome
The evolutionary history of a group of organisms is called __________. A. a cladogram B. taxonomy C. a kingdom D. phylogeny
phylogeny
If two organisms are in the same taxonomic class, then they must also be in the same __________. A. order B. family C. genus D. phylum
phylum
Which of these taxonomic terms is the most general? A. order B. phylum C. species D. genus
phylum
Viroids only infect which cell type? A) plant cells B) liver cells
plant cells. Viroids are short pieces of non-enveloped RNA which infect plant cells only
Erwinia bacteria produce an enzyme that breaks down pectin. You would expect Erwinia to cause diseases in which type of organism? A. plants B. other bacteria C. insects D. humans
plants
What is the gas-filled bladder that helps algae float in the water called?
pneumatocyst
Klebsiella pneumoniaecause what in humans?
pneumonia
The agent causing mad cow disease is a A) viroid B) prion
prion. These infectious proteins cause a variety of spongiform encephalopathies.
The body of the tapeworm is called A. proglottids B. cytostome C. scolex D. oocyst
proglottids
Which of the following characterizes the Domain Bacteria? A. multicellular B. prokaryotic cells; ether linkages in phospholipids C. eukaryotic cells; ester linkages in phospholipids D. complex cellular structures E. prokaryotic cells; ester linkages in phospholipids
prokaryotic cells; ester linkages in phospholipids
The three-domain system organizes all living organisms into two broad categories. Two of these include __________ organisms, and the third category is made up of __________ organisms. A. multicellular; unicellular B. prokaryotic; eukaryotic C. photosynthetic; heterotrophic D. eukaryotic; prokaryotic
prokaryotic; eukaryotic
What is the name given to the viral DNA incorporated into a lysogenic cell? A. prophage B. latent phage C. bacteriophage D. oncogenic virus
prophage
The largest taxonomic group (phylum) of bacteria is the __________, which includes most of the gram-negative, chemoheterotrophic bacteria.
proteobacteria
Which of the following eukaryotic microorganisms are always unicellular? A. algae B. lichens C. fungi D. protozoa
protozoa
Entamoeba histolytica belongs to which group? A) helminths B) protozoa
protozoa. This protozoan is the cause of amoebic dysentery
The phylogenetic classification of bacteria is based on: A) cell morphology B) gram stain reaction C) rRNA sequences D) habitat
rRNA sequences
Which of the following is the best reason to classify Streptococcus in the Lactobacillales? A) Gram reaction B) Morphology C) Fermentation of lactose D) rRNA sequences E) Found in dairy products
rRNA sequences
Which of these processes of viral multiplication is most likely to damage the host cell? A. viral entry into host cells by fusion B. reverse transcription of retroviral RNA C. release of nonenveloped viruses D. release of enveloped viruses E. uncoating
release of nonenveloped viruses
A virus may contain any of any of the following except ________. A. lipid envelope B. ribosomes C. spike proteins D. ssRNA E. capsid proteins
ribosomes
The head of a tapeworm is called the A. proglottids B. cytostome C. scolex D. oocyst
scolex
What are the dividing walls in the hyphae called A. Conidium B. Thallus C. septate D. karyogamy
septate
An example of a latent virus infection is ________. A. shingles B. measles C. influenza D. polio E. smallpox
shingles
Which one of the following is a biochemical test used to identify microorganisms? A. DNA-DNA hybridization B. agglutination test C. sorbitol fermentation D. Gram stain
sorbitol fermentation
How could a virus pick up a human oncogene? A. biosynthesis B. viral conversion C. reverse transcription D. specialized transduction E. transformation
specialized transduction
What is the term for the projections from the surface of the viral envelope that attach to host cells?
spikes
What reproductive structure do fungi form?
spores
Which of the following is a fungal infection that spreads throughout the body? A. cutaneous mycosis B. athlete's foot C. superficial mycosis D. systemic mycosis
systemic mycosis
Which type of host is an organism that harbors the adult, sexually mature form of a parasite? A) the definitive host B) the intermediate host.
the definitive host. The definitive host harbors the sexually mature form of a parasite and the intermediate host is the host in which the parasite undergoes asexual reproduction
Which part of the virus generally consists of some combination of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates? A) the capsomeres B) the envelope
the envelope
Which of the following factors is believed to limit the size of most bacterial cells? A. the ability to acquire oxygen for cell respiration B. the availability of nitrogen in the environment C. the availability of carbon in the environment D. the fact that nutrients must enter the cells by simple diffusion
the fact that nutrients must enter the cells by simple diffusion
Which of the following best describes a definitive host? A. the host in which an organism spends most of its life B. the host in which the organisms undergoes sexual reproduction C. the host in which the eggs hatch D. the host in which the organism undergoes asexual reproduction
the host in which the organisms undergoes sexual reproduction
You observe large (> 10 μm) oval cells in a sputum sample from a patient. Your culture of the sample reveals fuzzy filamentous colonies. You conclude that ________. A. the patient has a protozoan infection B. the patient has an infection with unusual algae C. the patient has an infection caused by a dimorphic fungus D. the patient has a yeast infection E. you contaminated the sample
the patient has an infection caused by a dimorphic fungus
All of these answers are true of yeasts except ________. A. some reproduce by budding B. they are capable of facultative anaerobic growth C. they produce colonies that are similar to bacterial colonies. D. some are used to produce ethanol in wine and beer making E. they always cause disease
they always cause disease
All of these statements are true of the genus Mycoplasma except ________. A. they may produce filaments that resemble fungi B. they are obligate intracellular pathogens C. they are unusually small bacteria D. they are highly pleomorphic E. they are genetically related to gram-positive bacteria
they are obligate intracellular pathogens
All of the following answers are true of the fungi except ________. A. they can grow in high concentrations of sugars and salts B. they are capable of metabolizing complex carbohydrates found in newspaper and wood C. diseases caused by fungi are called mycoses D. identification of fungi usually involves examination of spore types E. they are strict aerobes
they are strict aerobes
If two organisms have similar rRNA sequences, you can conclude that A. they evolved from a common ancestor. B. they will both ferment lactose. C. they live in the same place. D. they mated with each other. E. they will have different G-C ratios.
they evolved from a common ancestor
How is Rickettsia transmitted to humans? A. fecal matter B. bites of insects and ticks C. Aerosols or contaminated milk D. blood-borne
transmitted to humans by bites of insects and ticks.
A cercaria is a larva of a __________. A. nematode B. protozoan C. cestode D. trematode
trematode
True or False Trichinellosis can be transmitted by eating contaminated pork
true
After the attachment and entry of a virus into a host cell, what is the next step in the multiplication of animal viruses? A. release B. transcription of "early" genes C. uncoating D. transcription of "late" genes E. synthesis of capsid proteins
uncoating
An arthropod that transmits pathogenic microbes to a host is known as a/an .
vector
Insects that transmit diseases from one host to another are called __________. A. definitive hosts B. complete hosts C. vectors D. intermediate hosts
vectors
What type of infectious agent causes potato spindle tuber disease? A. prion B. virino C. viroid D. virus
viroid
Which of the following pairs is MISMATCHED? A. viroid: infectious DNA B. prion: infectious protein C. latent viral infection: an inactive virus D. persistent infection: an infection lasting months or years
viroid: infectious DNA
Bacteriophages A. host cells the virus can infect B. virus that infect bacteria C. and immature bacterial cell D. a phase of the lytic cycle
virus that infect bacteria
For a virus to infect the host cell, two complementary components are held together by _______ bonds
weak
Unicellular, nonfilamentous fungi are known as ________. A. yeasts B. fleshy fungi C. molds D. mushrooms E. algae
yeasts
Three important factors of alphaproteobacteria.
1. Grows at very low levels of nutrients. 2. Capable of producing nitrogen fixation 3. Some have prosthecae
One yeast can produce how many daughter cells by budding A. 4 B. 12 C. 24 D. 36
24
Fungi grow best at what pH A. 5 B. 9 C. 7 D. 3
5
How many different bacterial species have been described? A. 5000 B. 20,000 C. 50,000 D. 100,000
5000
Which of these methods can identify bacteria in a sample without culturing the bacteria? A. flow cytometry B. biochemical testing C. phage typing D. fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) E. A and D
A and D
Viruses A. are obligatory intracellular parasites B. contain a lipid coat that surrounds the nucleic acid C. can only function inside a host cell D. A and B E. A and D F all of the above
A and D they contain a protein coat that surrounds the nucleic acid
Coxiella is most commonly transmitted through A. fecal matter B. bites of insects and ticks C. Aerosols or contaminated milk
Aerosols or contaminated milk
Which of the following statements about helminths is false? A) They are heterotrophic. B) They are multicellular animals. C) They have eukaryotic cells. D) All are parasites. E) Some have male and female reproductive organs in one animal
All are parasites
Which of the following statements about fungi is false? A) All fungi are unicellular. B) All fungi have eukaryotic cells. C) Fungi are heterotrophic. D) Most fungi are aerobic. E) Few fungi are pathogenic to humans.
All fungi are unicellular
Caspid of a nonenveloped virus A. Protects the nucleic acid from nuclease enzymes B. Protects the nucleic acid from biological fluids C. Promotes the virus's attachment to susceptible host cells D. None of the above E. All of the above
All of the above
B, Planospore
Also known as Zoospore?
Club fungi
Also known as: A. Algal fungi B. Club fungi C. imperfect fungi D. sac fungi
sac fungi
Also known as: A. Algal fungi B. Club fungi C. imperfect fungi D. sac fungi
Ascomycota
Also known as: A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota
Basidiomycota
Also known as: A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota
All members of this kingdom mobtain nutrients and energy by ingesting organic matter through a mouth of some kind. A. Plantae B. Fungi C. Eucarya D. Animalia
Animalia
CHaracterized by segmented bodies, hard external skeletons, and jointed legs A. Protozoa B. Fungi C. Helminths D. Anthropods
Anthropods
Cause of west nile virus, lyme disease and the bubonic plague A. Protozoa B. Fungi C. Helminths D. Anthropods
Anthropods
Which spore forms within the conidium A. Arthrospore B. Aplanospore C. Conidiospore D. Planospores
Aplanospore
A unicellular microorganism has been isolated from an acidic sulfur-rich hot spring in Yellowstone Park. Its cell wall lacks peptidoglycan, and has no nucleus or other membranous organelles. What is the most likely classification of this microorganism? A. Protista B. Fungi C. Archaea D. gram-positive Bacteria E. gram-negative Bacteria
Archaea
Organisms that do not have peptidoglycan in there cell wall and live in extreme environments. A. Bacteria B. Algae C. Eucarya D. Archaea
Archaea
Contains the spores Blastospore, conidiospores, arthrospores, and ascospores. A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota
Ascomycota
Sac fungi: A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota
Ascomycota
Unicellular yeasts A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota
Ascomycota
All of these are asexual spores EXCEPT: A. Conidiospore B. Chlamydospore C. Blastospore D. Ascospores
Ascospores
Which of these statements is not true? A. Uncoating can occur due to host cell lysosome action. B. Attachment of animal viruses to host cells is random and nonspecific. C. Enveloped viruses are released from the cell by budding. D. Penetration of enveloped viruses can occur by a process called fusion. E. Animal viral DNA that is integrated into the host chromosome is called a provirus
Attachment of animal viruses to host cells is random and nonspecific
You have isolated an aerobic gram-positive, endospore-forming bacterium that grows well on nutrient agar. To which of the following groups does it most likely belong? A) Phototrophic bacteria B) Gammaproteobacteria C) Deltaproteobacteria D) Bacillales E) Canʹt tell
Bacillales
Bacteria that produces antibodies and can be used in biological warfare A. Proteus B .Helicobacter C. Bacillus D. Nocardia
Bacillus
Which of these bacteria is not in the phylum Actinobacteria? A. Corynebacterium B. Bacillus C. Mycobacterium WHAT IS IT?
Bacillus It is a Firmicute
Endospore-forming bacteria that causes anthrax A. Clostridium botulinum B. Bacillus anthrax C. Clostridium perfringes D. Bacillus cereus
Bacillus anthrax
Endospore-forming bacteria that causes food poisioning A. Clostridium botulinum B. Bacillus anthrax C. Clostridium tetani D. Bacillus cereus
Bacillus cereus
Which of the following organisms produce endospores? A. Salmonella species B. Bacillus species C. Escherichia species
Bacillus species
Why are archaea and bacteria—both collections of prokaryotic organisms—grouped into different domains while organisms like fungi and animals are in the same domain? A. The DNA sequences of bacteria and archaea are more different than animals and fungi. B. Fungi and animals look much more similar than bacteria and archaea. C. Bacteria and archaea differ significantly in their intracellular organization and structure, but fungi and animals have similar intracellular structure. D. Bacteria and archaea differ significantly in their rRNA sequences, but fungi and animals share some rRNA characteristics.
Bacteria and archaea differ significantly in their rRNA sequences, but fungi and animals share some rRNA characteristics
Why is visualization not sufficient to properly identify bacteria? A. Not all bacteria can be seen with a light microscope. B. Identification is only needed in clinical specimens. C. Bacteria have a limited set of shapes and many unrelated bacteria share the same shape. D. Many unrelated bacteria can share the same shape. E. Bacteria have a limited set of shapes.
Bacteria have a limited set of shapes and many unrelated bacteria share the same shape
Which of the following are anaerobic, gram-negative rods: A)Escherichia B)Staphylococcus C)Bacteroides D)Treponema
Bacteroides
Which of the following genera is an anaerobic gram-negative rod? A) Escherichia B) Staphylococcus C) Bacteroides D) Treponema E) Neisseria
Bacteroides
What is the gram-negative bacillus that causes cat-scratch disease.
Bartonella henselae
CRyptococcus neoformans: A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota
Basidiomycota
Club fungi: A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota
Basidiomycota
Mushrooms, rust, smut A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota
Basidiomycota
Spores: Basidiospore and Chlamydospore A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota
Basidiomycota
Which class often uses nutrient substances that diffuse away from areas of anaerobic decomposition of organic matter. A. Gammaproteobacteria B. Betaproteobacteria C. Epsilonproteobacteria D. Actinobacteria
Betaproteobacteria
A type of strain that that varient of a prokaryotic strain due to physiological differences A. Biovar B. Morphovar C. Serovar
Biovar
All of the following are sexual spores EXCEPT: A. Ascospores B. Blastospore C. Zygospores D. Basidiospore
Blastospore
Name that microbe 1. nonmotile and aerobic 2. betaproteobacteria 3. cause of whooping cough 4. gram-negative rod shaped
Bordetela
Which of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the others? A. Rickettsia B. Bordetella C. Brucella D. Bartonella WHY?
Bordetella is a betaproteobacterai Rickettsia, Brucella, and Bartonella are Alphaproteobacteria
All of the following can form filaments except ________. A. Nocardia B. Mycoplasma C. Borrelia
Borrelia
Which of the following is NOT an enteric? A) Salmonella B) Shigella C) Escherichia D) Enterobacter E) Campylobacter
Campylobacter
Yeast infections are caused by A) Candida albicans B) Stachybotrys
Candida albicans. Candida albicans yeast infections may occur in the mouth as thrush or as vulvovaginal candidiasis in females.
Protein sub-units that make up the protein coat that protects the nucleic acid A. Caspid B. Capsomeres C. Envelope D. Spikes
Capsomeres
In nonenveloped viruses, protects the nucleic acid from biological fluids A. Viriods B. Spikes C. Caspid D. Hemagglutination
Caspid
In nonenveloped viruses, what promotes the viruses attachment to susceptible host cells A. Cytopathic Effect B. Spikes C. Caspid D. Hemagglutination
Caspid
In nonenveloped viruses, what protects the nucleic acid from nuclease enzymes A. Caspid B. Spikes C. Cytopathic Effect D. Hemagglutination
Caspid
The protein coat that protects the nucleic acid A. Caspid B. Capsomeres C. Envelope D. Spikes
Caspid
Define Taxonomy A. Categorize organisms to show degrees of similarities among them B. Identify the evolutionary history of organisms C. Provide a timeline for the emergence of taxa
Categorize organisms to show degrees of similarities among them
Cultivated in cell culture A. Provides a way of studying a disease's progression B. Cell infection by a virus causes observable changes to the cells called cytopathic effects C. How vaccines are produced
Cell infection by a virus causes observable changes to the cells called cytopathic effects
Also known as a tapeworm A. Cestodes B. Trematodes C. Nematoda D. Amebae
Cestodes
Taenia solium is a A. Nematode B. Trichinella C. Cestodes D. Trematodes
Cestodes
Gebetically related groups are called: A. Molecular clock B. Clades C. Clone D. Endosymbiotic theory
Clades
A pure culture is a population of cells derived from a single parent. A. Molecular clock B. Clades C. Clone D. Endosymbiotic theory
Clone
Which of the following is an endospore-forming bacterium? A. Nocardia B. Clostridium C. Corynebacterium
Clostridium
Endospore-forming bacteria that causes botulism A. Clostridium botulinum B. Bacillus anthrax C. Clostridium tetani D. Bacillus cereus
Clostridium botulinum
Which organism is an obligate anaerobe? A. Clostridium perfringens B. Staphylococcus aureus C. Escherichia coli D. Bacillus anthracis
Clostridium perfringens
Endospore-forming bacteria that causes gangrene A. Clostridium botulinum B. Bacillus anthrax C. Clostridium perfringes D. Bacillus cereus
Clostridium perfringes
Endospore-forming bacteria that causes tetanus A. Clostridium botulinum B. Bacillus anthrax C. Clostridium tetani D. Bacillus cereus
Clostridium tetani
Bacteriophages are this type of virus A. Helical Viruses B. Polyhedral Viruses C. Enveloped Viruses D. Complex Viruses
Complex Viruses
Have complicated structures A. Helical Viruses B. Polyhedral Viruses C. Enveloped Viruses D. Complex Viruses
Complex Viruses
Exospores formed on the outside of the conidium A. Arthrospore B. Chlamydospore C. Conidiospore D. Planospores
Conidiospore
What produces asexual spores A. Vegatative hyphae B. Reproductive hyphea C. Conidium D. Mycelium
Conidium
Cell infection by a virus causes observable changes to the cells called cytopathic effects A. cultivated in a living animal B. Cultivated in cell culture C. Cultivated in embryonated poultry eggs
Cultivated in cell culture
Useful for studying viral behavior but also for clinical diagnostic purpose A. cultivated in a living animal B. Cultivated in cell culture C. Cultivated in embryonated poultry eggs
Cultivated in cell culture
How vaccines are produced A. cultivated in a living animal B. Cultivated in cell culture C. Cultivated in embryonated poultry eggs
Cultivated in embryonated poultry eggs
One can acquire this by contact with infected hairs and epidermal cells such as shower floors or hairs. A. Systemic Mycosis B. Subcutaneous Mycosis C. Cutaneous Mycosis D. Superficial Mycosis E. Oppertunistic Mycosis
Cutaneous Mycosis
Viruses infecting a monolayer sometimes causes the cells to deteriorateas they multiply A. Cytopathic Effect B. Primary cell lines C. Diploid cell lines
Cytopathic Effect
Quickly detects a pathogen in a host or environment by identifying a gene that is unique to that pathogen. A. DNA chips B. Ribotyping C. DNA fingerprinting D. Fluorescent in situ Hybridization
DNA chips
Provides information about their genetic similarities and differences: A. Biochemical Tests B. Serology C. DNA fingerprinting D. NUcleic Acid Amplification Tests
DNA fingerprinting
Used to determine hospital acquired infections A. Biochemical Tests B. Serology C. DNA fingerprinting D. NUcleic Acid Amplification Tests
DNA fingerprinting
Viruses possess genetic material comprised of ________. A. DNA or RNA B. DNA only C. RNA only D. protein only E. DNA and RNA together
DNA or RNA
Diploid cell line A. Viruses infecting a monolayer sometimes causes the cells to deteriorateas they multiply B. Derived from tissue slices, tend to die after only a few generations C. Derived for human embryos, widely used for culturing viruses that require a human host
Derived for human embryos, widely used for culturing viruses that require a human host
Primary cell line A. Viruses infecting a monolayer sometimes causes the cells to deteriorateas they multiply B. Derived from tissue slices, tend to die after only a few generations C. Derived for human embryos, widely used for culturing viruses that require a human host
Derived from tissue slices, tend to die after only a few generations
99% of fungal diseases. A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota
Deuteromycota
Candida albicans: A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota
Deuteromycota
Imperfect fungi: A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota
Deuteromycota
ONLY asexual spores: A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota
Deuteromycota
Derived for human embryos, widely used for culturing viruses that require a human host A. Cytopathic Effect B. Primary cell lines C. Diploid cell lines
Diploid cell lines
Which of the following is in the correct order? A. Kingdom, Domain, Phylum, Class, Family, Order, Genus, Species B. Kingdom, Domain, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species C. Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species D. Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Family, Order, Class, Genus, Species E. Kingdom, Domain, Phylum, Family, Order, Class, Genus, Species
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
What is the difference between a kingdom and a domain? A. Domains are smaller than kingdoms B. Domains are: Eucarya, Bacteria, and Archaea C. Virues can be found in domains D. none of the above
Domains are: Eucarya, Bacteria, and Archaea
Name that microbe 1. One of the most common inhabitants of human intestinal tract 2. transmitted through fecal contamination 3. Not usually pathogenic
E. coli
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of spirochetes? A) Possess an axial filament B) Gram-negative C) Helical shape D) Easily observed with brightfield microscopy E) Difficult to culture in vitro
Easily observed with brightfield microscopy
Symptoms: liver enlargement, hooklets in sputum, and possible anaphylactic shock when cyst reputures A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Echinococcus granulosus C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis
Echinococcus granulosus
Transmission: herivores, dogs A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Echinococcus granulosus C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis
Echinococcus granulosus
You have isolated a gram-positive rod. What should you do next? A) Gram stain B) Lactose fermentation C) Endospore stain D) Flagella stain E) Enterotube
Endospore stain
Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells living inside one another is: A. Molecular clock B. Clades C. Clone D. Endosymbiotic theory
Endosymbiotic theory
The ONLY pathogenic amoeba found in the human intestines A. Entamoeba histolytica B. Taenia saginata C. Trichinella spiralis D. Enterobius vermicularis
Entamoeba histolytica
Widely distributed in humans and animals, as well as water, sewage, and soil. Causes urinary tract infections. A. Erwinia B. Klebsiella C. Enterobacter D. Yersinia
Enterobacter
E. cloacae and E. aerogenes are from the genus ______ and can cause_____ A. Mycobacterium, tuberculosis B. Enterococcus, surgical wound infections C. Enterobacter, urinary tract infections D. Escherichia, food poisioning
Enterobacter, urinary tract infections
Which of the following is a bacterial family name? A. E. coli B. Enterobacteriaceae C. Escherichia D. Gammaproteobacteria
Enterobacteriaceae
They inhibit the intestinal tracts of humans and other animals, active fermenters of glucose and other carbohydrates. They produce a protein called bacteriocins. A. Enterobacteriales B. Vibrionales C. Legionellales D. Bacillales
Enterobacteriales
Symptoms: Causes anal itching, restlessness, irritability, nervousness and poor sleep A. Enterobius vermicularis B. Trichuris trichiura C. Necator americanus D. Taenia solium
Enterobius vermicularis
Transmission: thumb sucking and nail biting A. Enterobius vermicularis B. Trichuris trichiura C. Necator americanus D. Taenia solium
Enterobius vermicularis
Which parasitic helminth lives near the anus of infected children? A) Enterobius vernicularis B) Trichinella spiralis
Enterobius vernicularis
Adapted to areas of the body that are rich in nutrients but low in oxygen ( GI tract, vagina, and oral cavity) A. Mycobacterium B. Enterococcus C. Enterobacter D. Escherichia
Enterococcus
A combination of lipids, proteins, and carbs that cover the protein coat that protects the nucleic acid A. Caspid B. Capsomeres C. Envelope D. Spikes
Envelope
Herpes Simplex virus is this type of virus: A. Helical Viruses B. Polyhedral Viruses C. Enveloped Viruses D. Complex Viruses
Enveloped Viruses
Influenza is this type of virus A. Helical Viruses B. Polyhedral Viruses C. Enveloped Viruses D. Complex Viruses
Enveloped Viruses
Roughly spherical shaped viruses A. Helical Viruses B. Polyhedral Viruses C. Enveloped Viruses D. Complex Viruses
Enveloped Viruses
Produces an enzyme that hydrolyzes the pectin in plant cells, causing plant rot A. Erwinia B. Klebsiella C. Enterobacter D. Yersinia
Erwinia
Which of these bacteria is not associated with foodborne illness? A. Staphylococcus aureus B. Shigella C. Salmonella D. Erwinia
Erwinia
Which one of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the others? A) Bacillus B) Escherichia C) Lactobacillus D) Staphylococcus E) Streptococcus
Escherichia
Organisms such as fungi, protista, plantea and animalia are A. Bacteria B. Procaryotic C. Eucarya D. Archaea
Eucarya
Which of the following are found primarily in the intestines of humans? A) Gram-negative aerobic rods and cocci B) Aerobic, helical bacteria C) Facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods D) Gram-positive cocci E) Endospore-forming rods
Facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods
True or False A virion is an infectious fragment of "naked" RNA
False
True or False All fungi produce both asexual spores and sexual spores
False
True or False Ebola virus is one of the smallest viruses that infect humans
False
True or False Nematodes are always intestinal parasites
False
True or False The H5N1avian influenza (bird flu) virus is readily spread from human to human
False
True or False Viruses can be grown only in living animal or plant hosts
False
True or False Capsomeres make up the spikes on the surfaces of viruses to aid in attachment to the host cell.
False
True or False Some viruses are able to multiply independently outside a host cell.
False
True or False Viruses that contain RNA are called virions and those with DNA are called viroids.
False
True/False Fungal spores are the same as bacterial spores
False
True/False Gram stains alone can be used to identify bacteria
False
True/False In the domain system of classification, viruses are in the Domain Archaea.
False
True/False Microorganisms must be cultured before they can be identified
False
True/False Once a scientific name is assigned for an organism, it is never changed
False
True/False The highest level in the taxonomic hierarchy is "Kingdom."
False
True/False There are no fossil remains of prokaryotes
False
True/False Nucleic Acid can only be single-stranded
False Nucleic acid can be single-stranded or double-stranded
True/False A virus can have both DNA and RNA
False Viruses can have DNA or RNA but NEVER both
True/False Mycobacterium can grow at refrigerator temperatures. This characteristic, combined with their ability to utilize proteins and lipids, make them an important contributor to food spoilage. If false, what genus is this and what class do they belong to?
False, pseudomonads and gammaproteobacteria
The suffix -viridae is used for A. Genus names B. Family names C. Order names
Family names
Used to determine the identity, abundance, and relative activity of a microorganism in an environment and can be used to detect bacteria that have not yet been cultured A. DNA chips B. Ribotyping C. DNA fingerprinting D. Fluorescent in situ Hybridization
Fluorescent in situ Hybridization
Which of the following statements is false? A) Fungi produce sexual spores. B) Fungi produce asexual spores. C) Fungal spores are used in identification of fungi. D) Fungal spores are resting spores to protect the fungus from adverse environmental conditions. E) Fungal spores are for reproduction.
Fungal spores are resting spores to protect the fungus from adverse environmental conditions.
Responsible for food spoilage and disease in plants and humans. A. Protozoa B. Helminths C. Fungi D. Arthropods
Fungi
These are chemoheterotrophs A. Protozoa B. Fungi C. Helminths D. Anthropods
Fungi
They have a cell wall and cell membrane that contain sterols A. Protozoa B. Fungi C. Helminths D. Anthropods
Fungi
Yeasts belong to the Kingdom: A) Fungi B) Plantae C) Protista D) Bacteria
Fungi
You have found an organism that is eukaryotic and multicellular. It obtains nutrients by absorbing dissolved organic matter across its cell membrane. To which kingdom does it belong? A. Protista B. Plantae C. Animalia D. Fungi
Fungi
What is the largest subgroup of the proteobacteria? A. Gammaproteobacteria B. Betaproteobacteria C. Epsilonproteobacteria D. Actinobacteria
Gammaproteobacteria
The suffix -virus is used for A. Genus names B. Family names C. Order names
Genus names
You have isolated a prokaryotic cell. The first step in identification is a(n) A) Gram stain. B) Lactose fermentation test. C) Endospore stain. D) Flagella stain. E) DNA fingerprint.
Gram stain
You have isolated a prokaryotic cell. The first step in identification is a(n) A. endospore stain. B. Gram stain. C. flagella stain. D. DNA fingerprint. E. lactose fermentation test
Gram stain.
Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, and Serratia are all A) Pathogens. B) Gram-negative facultatively anaerobic rods. C) Gram-positive aerobic cocci. D) Fermentative. E) Endospore-forming bacteria.
Gram-negative facultatively anaerobic rods.
Staphylococcus and Streptococcus can be easily differentiated in a laboratory by which one of the following? A) Cell shape B) Gram stain reaction C) Growth in high salt concentrations D) Ability to cause disease E) Glucose fermentation
Growth in high salt concentrations
High/Low Fungi and grow in _____ sugar or salt concentrations
HIGH
Rabies and Ebola hemorrhagic fever are this type of virus A. Helical Viruses B. Polyhedral Viruses C. Enveloped Viruses D. Complex Viruses
Helical Viruses
Resemble long rods that may be rigid or flexible A. Helical Viruses B. Polyhedral Viruses C. Enveloped Viruses D. Complex Viruses
Helical Viruses
Which of the following is an example of a helical bacterium that does not make a complete twist? A. Treponema B. Helicobacter C. Yersinia D. Serratia E. Klebsiella
Helicobacter
Which of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the others? A. Helicobacter B. Treponema C. Leptospira D. Borrelia WHY?
Helicobacter is an epsilonproteobacteria. Treponema, Borrellia and Leptospira are spirochaetes
Gram-negative helical rods that are the most common cause of peptic ulcers and stomach cancer. A. Salmonella bongori B. Serratia marcescens C. Yersinia pestis D. Helicobacter pylori
Helicobacter pylori
Multicellular animals and many are parasitic. A. Arthropods B. Protozoa C. Helminths
Helminths
Produce a large number of eggs. A. Protozoa B. Fungi C. Helminths D. Anthropods
Helminths
The ability of certain viruses to clump red blood cells due to spikes A. Viriods B. Capsomeres C. Cytopathic Effect D. Hemagglutination
Hemagglutination
Rickettsia enters the host cell through ____
Hint 1: AkA eating or devouring a cell phagocytosis
Name that microbe: 1. obligated parasite of mammals and cause the disease Brucellosis. 2. small nonmotile coccobacilli 3. survives phagocytosis 4. Alphaproteobacteria
Hint 1: Answer is in the name of the disease Brucella
Name three Alphaproteobacteria?
Hint 1: BrB Hint 2: The three alpha dogs are Bart, Rick and Bruce Bartonella, Rickettsia, Brucella
Proteobacteria are seperated into how many class? Name the classes.
Hint 1: Classes designated by greek letters Hint 2: B.A.D.G.E. Betaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Epsilonproteobacteria
The four orders of Gammaproteobacteria
Hint 1: EnteroPs ViLe Enterobacteriales, Pseudomonadales, Vibrionales, Legionellales
Name the nine enterobacteriales
Hint 1: SKYPE SEES enterics Shigella, Klebsiella, Yersinia, Proteus, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Escherichia, Erwinia, Serratia
What is the purpose of taxonomy?
Hint 1: Taxas are a CIN To classify, Identify, and nomenclature (name)
Name two Betaproteobacteria
Hint 1: Your niece is bored Neisseria and Bordetella
After enter the host cell, Rickettsia repoduces through ____ (2 words)
Hint1: how do prokaryotic cells reproduce Binary fission
Necator americanus is a A. Pinworm B. Whipworm C. Hookworm D. Tapeworm
Hookworm
Cultivated in embryonated poultry eggs A.The only way to measure the body's immune response to a particular virus B. Useful for studying viral behavior but also for clinical diagnostic purpose C. How vaccines are produced
How vaccines are produced
Cells of a multicellular fungus are commonly joined to form thin tubes called ______.
Hyphae
Which of the following best describes the difference between classification and identification? A. Identification tests are usually very complicated and take a long time to complete. B. Classification is usually done for practical purposes, whereas identification is for taxonomy. C. Classification schemes are frequently given in a dichotomous key. D. Identification is more practical in its purpose. For example, it is used to diagnose infection.
Identification is more practical in its purpose. For example, it is used to diagnose infection. Classification involves naming organisms are and placing them into taxonomic groupings based on their relatedness to other organisms. Identification involves the use of standardized and more rapid types of tests to determine the identity of an organism in a given sample. This is usually done for practical purposes
Cultivated in embryonated poultry eggs A.The only way to measure the body's immune response to a particular virus B. Useful for studying viral behavior but also for clinical diagnostic purpose C. Inoculated by a hole drilled in the shell
Inoculated by a hole drilled in the shell
Which of the following statements concerning Mycobacterium tuberculosis is true? A. It grows very quickly. B. It lacks a cell wall. C. It is very sensitive to environmental stresses, such as drying. D. It is aerobic.
It is aerobic
Which of the following statements about the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever is FALSE? A. It is an intracellular parasite. B. It is transmitted by ticks. C. It is gram-negative. D. It is in the genus Rickettsia. E. It is found in soil and water.
It is found in soil and water.
Which of the following statements about the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever is false? A) It is an intracellular parasite. B) It is transmitted by ticks. C) It is in the genus Rickettsia. D) It is gram-negative. E) It is found in soil and water.
It is found in soil and water.
How does the malachite green stain enter an endospore? A. It is dissolved in alcohol. B. It is mixed with the mordant tannic acid. C. It is heated. D. It is mixed with hydrochloric acid
It is heated
Burkholderia was reclassified from the gammaproteobacteria to the betaproteobacteria because A) It grows in disinfectants. B) It is a gram-negative rod. C) It causes infections in cystic fibrosis patients. D) It causes melioidosis. E) Its rRNA sequence is similar to that of Neisseria
Its rRNA sequence is similar to that of Neisseria
Mycoplasmas differ from other bacteria in that they A) Grow inside host cells. B) Lack a cell wall. C) Are acid-fast. D) Are motile. E) Are gram-negative
Lack a cell wall
Has an ability to survive and reproduce within aquatic amoebas which makes them difficult to eradicate in water systems. A. Coxiella B. Shigella C. Helicobacter D. Legionella
Legionella
Which member of the gammaproteobacteria is a potential cause of pneumonia and can be found in warm-water supply lines and air conditioning cooling towers? A. Coxiella B. Salmonella C. Legionella D. Mycoplasma E. Klebsiella
Legionella
Your roommate tells you that the maple syrup has bacterial growth. Without looking, you suspect the growth is actually a fungus. Why? A. Fungi can metabolize wood. B. Bacteria do not grow on sugar. C. Maple syrup has a high osmotic pressure. D. Fungi are usually aerobes.
Maple syrup has a high osmotic pressure
Which of the following is an example of a dye used in a simple stain? A. Carbolfuchsin B. Methylene blue C. Eosin D. Nigrosin
Methylene blue
Smallest self replicating organism that is capable of free-living existence A. Mycobacterium B. Enterococcus C. Microplasmatales D. Escherichia
Microplasmatales
A type of strain that that varient of a prokaryotic strain due to shapes A. Biovar B. Morphovar C. Serovar
Morphovar
Term used for all filaments of a mold. A. hyphae B. Conidium C. Mycelium D. Substrate
Mycelium
Which of the following lacks a cell wall? A) Borrelia B) Mycoplasma C) Mycobacterium D) Clostridium E) Nocardia
Mycoplasma
What is a plant that depends on symbiotic fungi A. Plasmagany B. Karyogamy C. Mycelium D. Mycorrhizae
Mycorrhizae
Can be used to increase the amount of microbial DNA to levels that can be tested by gel electrophoresis A. Biochemical Tests B. Serology C. DNA fingerprinting D. NUcleic Acid Amplification Tests
NUcleic Acid Amplification Tests
Symptoms: Anemia, weakness, fatigue, physical and mental retardation A. Enterobius vermicularis B. Trichuris trichiura C. Necator americanus D. Taenia solium
Necator americanus
Transmission: larvae live in soi and penetrate the skin of the sole of the foot, into blood stream, then heart and lungs to GI tract A. Enterobius vermicularis B. Trichuris trichiura C. Necator americanus D. Taenia solium
Necator americanus
Name that microbe 1. Inhabits the mucous membrane of mammals 2. gram-negative cocci 3. causes gonorrhoea and meningitis
Neisseria
Which of the following bacteria is incorrectly matched with gram reaction and morphology? A. Staphylococcus; gram-positive coccus B. Salmonella; gram-negative rod C. Neisseria; gram-positive coccus D. Bacillus; gram-positive rod
Neisseria; gram-positive coccus
Also known as roundworm A. Cestodes B. Trematodes C. Nematoda D. Amebae
Nematoda
Cylindrical and tapered with complete digestive systems A. Cestodes B. Trematodes C. Nematoda D. Amebae
Nematoda
Enterobius Vermicularis A. Cestodes B. Trematodes C. Nematoda D. Amebae
Nematoda
Enterobius vermicularis is a A. Nematode B. Trichinella C. Cestodes D. Trematodes
Nematode
Necator americanus is a A. Nematode B. Trichinella C. Cestodes D. Trematodes
Nematode
Trichuris trichiura is a A. Nematode B. Trichinella C. Cestodes D. Trematodes
Nematode
While working with a broth culture of archaea in the laboratory, you accidentally spill some of the microorganisms on yourself. Do you need to be concerned about developing an infection? Why or why not? A. No; archaea are prokaryotic, so they cannot cause infection. B. Yes; certain archaea can be pathogenic, so an infection could occur. C. No; archaea are not pathogenic. D. Yes; all infectious prokaryotes are archaea
No; archaea are not pathogenic
Which of the following domains includes viruses? A. Archaea B. Bacteria C. Eukarya D. None of these choices is correct.
None of these choices is correct Viruses are not classified in any of the three domains because they are not composed of cells
Measures the ability of DNA strands from one organism to bybridize with DNA strands of another organism A. Nucleic Acid Hybridization B. Serology C. DNA fingerprinting D. NUcleic Acid Amplification Tests
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
Chinese Liver fluke A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis
Opisthorchis sinensis
Disease: affects distal end of the bile duct A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis
Opisthorchis sinensis
Symptoms: Biliary hyperplasia, fatty degeneration of the liver, pancreatitis, epigastric pain, anorexia, diarrhea, hepatomegaly A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis
Opisthorchis sinensis
Transmission: Eggs attack snails, then attack fish A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis
Opisthorchis sinensis
Candidiasis which causes yeast infection is a: A. Systemic Mycosis B. Subcutaneous Mycosis C. Cutaneous Mycosis D. Superficial Mycosis E. Oppertunistic Mycosis
Oppertunistic Mycosis
Due to a generally harmless fungus becoming pathogenic in a compromised host A. Systemic Mycosis B. Subcutaneous Mycosis C. Cutaneous Mycosis D. Superficial Mycosis E. Oppertunistic Mycosis
Oppertunistic Mycosis
Toxoplasmosis also known as Cat scratch disease is a: A. Systemic Mycosis B. Subcutaneous Mycosis C. Cutaneous Mycosis D. Superficial Mycosis E. Oppertunistic Mycosis
Oppertunistic Mycosis
The suffix -ales is used for A. Genus names B. Family names C. Order names
Order names
Which of the following best describes phage typing? A. Phage typing helps identify bacterial species and strains, based on the type of bacteriophage they are susceptible to. B. Phage typing classifies bacteriophage based on the type of cells they can infect. C. Phage typing is a method of classifying bacteriophage based on the type of nucleic acid. D. Phage typing classifies bacteriophage based on structure.
Phage typing helps identify bacterial species and strains, based on the type of bacteriophage they are susceptible to.
Enterobius vermicularis is a A. Pinworm B. Whipworm C. Hookworm D. Tapeworm
Pinworm
All members of this kingdom use photosynthesis. A. Plantae B. Fungi C. Eucarya D. Archaea
Plantae
You've discovered a multicellular organism that is photosynthetic. Which of the following taxonomic groups could it belong to? A. Bacteria B. Fungi C. Plantae D. Animalia
Plantae
A virus that has 20 triangular surfaces and 12 corners A. Helical Viruses B. Polyhedral Viruses C. Enveloped Viruses D. Complex Viruses
Polyhedral Viruses
A virus that has many many sides A. Helical Viruses B. Polyhedral Viruses C. Enveloped Viruses D. Complex Viruses
Polyhedral Viruses
The caspid is in the shape os a icosahedron A. Helical Viruses B. Polyhedral Viruses C. Enveloped Viruses D. Complex Viruses
Polyhedral Viruses
The poliovirus is this type of virus A. Helical Viruses B. Polyhedral Viruses C. Enveloped Viruses D. Complex Viruses
Polyhedral Viruses
Borrelia is classified as a spirochete because it A) Is aerobic. B) Possesses an axial filament. C) Is a rod. D) Is a pathogen. E) Is transmitted by ticks.
Possesses an axial filament
Derived from tissue slices, tend to die after only a few generations A. Cytopathic Effect B. Primary cell lines C. Diploid cell lines
Primary cell lines
A, conidium
Produce asexual spores?
B, Reproductive hyphae
Produces reproductive structures called conidium?
Escherichia coli belongs to the A) Proteobacteria. B) Gram-positive bacteria. C) Green sulfur bacteria. D) Spirochetes. E) Actinomycetes
Proteobacteria
What is the largest taxonomic group of bacteria?
Proteobacteria
Which genus contains swarmer cells. A. Proteus B .Helicobacter C. Bacillus D. Nocardia
Proteus
Lives in areas with large supply of water A. Protozoa B. Fungi C. Helminths D. Anthropods
Protozoa
Unicellular, eukaryotic heterotrophs that are classified largely by how they move. A. Protozoa B. Fungi C. Helminths D. Anthropods
Protozoa
Cultivated in a living animal A. Provides a way of studying a disease's progression B. Cell infection by a virus causes observable changes to the cells called cytopathic effects C. How vaccines are produced
Provides a way of studying a disease's progression
Buds that fail to detach and form a short chain of cells A. Pseudohypha B. Dermatophytes C. Stachybotrys
Pseudohypha
A bacterium isolated from the soil has the following characteristics: gram-negative straight rod, aerobic, motile, produces water-soluble pigment, readily grows on several common laboratory media. Ribosomal RNA analysis places this bacterium with the gammaproteobacteria. This organism is most likely in the genus ________. A. Vibrio B. Bacillus C. Pseudomonas D. Legionella
Pseudomonas
Are capable of growth in some antisepctics making it responsible for nosocomial infections. A. Vibrio B. Bacillus C. Pseudomonas D. Legionella
Pseudomonas
In weakened hosts, this organism can ifect the urinary tract, burns, and wounds, and can cause blood infections, abcesses, and meningitis. A. Vibrio B. Bacillus C. Pseudomonas D. Legionella
Pseudomonas
Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A) Spirochete - axial filament B) Aerobic, helical bacteria - gram-negative C) Enterics - gram-negative D) Mycobacteria - acid-fast E) Pseudomonas - gram-positive
Pseudomonas - gram-positive
Also known as aerial hyphae A. Vegatative hyphae B. Reproductive hyphea C. Conidium D. Mycelium
Reproductive hyphea
Stalk like filaments that stick up over the substrate A. Vegatative hyphae B. Reproductive hyphea C. Conidium D. Mycelium
Reproductive hyphea
All distinguish parasitic helminths EXCEPT A. They lack a digestive system B. They have a reduced nervous system C. They lack the means of motion D. Reproductive system is simple
Reproductive system is simple
Rickettsias differ from chlamydias in that rickettsias A) Are gram-negative. B) Are intracellular parasites. C) Require an arthropod for transmission. D) Form elementary bodies. E) Lack cell walls.
Require an arthropod for transmission
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Neisseria? A) Requires X and V factors B) Cocci C) Gram-negative D) Oxidase-positive E) Some species are human pathogens.
Requires X and V factors
Used to determine the phylogenetic relationship among organisms A. DNA chips B. Ribotyping C. DNA fingerprinting D. Fluorescent in situ Hybridization
Ribotyping
Name that microbe: 1. Alphaproteobacteria 2. gram-negative rod shaped/ coccobacilli 3. transmitted to humans by bites of insects/ticks
Rickettsia
Which is transmitted by lice A. Rickettsia prowazekii B. Rickettsia typhi C. Rickettsia rickettsii
Rickettsia prowazekii
Which is transmitted by ticks A. Rickettsia prowazekii B. Rickettsia typhi C. Rickettsia rickettsii
Rickettsia rickettsii
Which is transmitted by rat fleas A. Rickettsia prowazekii B. Rickettsia typhi C. Rickettsia rickettsii
Rickettsia typhi
Which one of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the others? A) Bordetella B) Burkholderia C) Campylobacter D) Pseudomonas E) Salmonella
Salmonella
What is the common cause for typhoid fever A. Salmonella bongori B. Serratia marcescens C. Staphylococcus aureus D. Salmonella typhi
Salmonella typhi
Disease: Swimmers itch A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis
Schistosoma mansoni
Symptoms: Liver damage, malnutrition, weakness, fluid in abdominal cavity A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis
Schistosoma mansoni
Transmission: Male and female snails A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis
Schistosoma mansoni
C, vegatative hyphae
Secretes enzymes to digest the nutrients in the substrate?
Differentiate not only among microbial species, but also among strains of species A. Biochemical Tests B. Slide agglutination test C. Ribotyping D. Serological testing
Serological testing
A science that studies serum and immune responses that are evident in serum. A. Biochemical Tests B. Serology C. DNA fingerprinting D. NUcleic Acid Amplification Tests
Serology
A type of strain that that varient of a prokaryotic strain due to antigen differences A. Biovar B. Morphovar C. Serovar
Serovar
Distinguished by its production of red pigment A. Salmonella bongori B. Serratia marcescens C. Staphylococcus aureus D. Salmonella typhi
Serratia marcescens
Which is NOT an endosporing bacteria A. Serratia marcescens B. Bacillus anthrax C. Clostridium perfringes D. Bacillus cereus
Serratia marcescens
Only found in humans. Can cause life threatening dysentery. A. Coxiella B. Shigella C. Helicobacter D. Legionella
Shigella
Samples of unknown bacterium are placed in a drop of saline on each of several slides and mixed with antibodies A. Biochemical Tests B. Slide agglutination test C. Western blotting D. Serological testing
Slide agglutination test
Which of the following methods does NOT use antibodies? A. Southern blot B. Western blot C. ELISA test D. agglutination test
Southern blot
Strains with stable properties in common and differ significantly from other groups A. Kingdom B. Domain C. Species D. Genus
Species
A way that some cells attach to host cells A. Viriods B. Capsomeres C. Cytopathic Effect D. Spikes
Spikes
An enevelope may or may not be covered with these: A. Viriods B. Capsomeres C. Cytopathic Effect D. Spikes
Spikes
Can be used as a means of identification A. Viriods B. Capsomeres C. Cytopathic Effect D. Spikes
Spikes
Cardohydrate-protein complexes that project from the surface of some viruses A. Caspid B. Capsomeres C. Envelope D. Spikes
Spikes
A new microorganism has been discovered that resides in the mouth of dogs. This microorganism lacks a nucleus, has a cell wall consisting of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane of lipolysaccharide, is shaped like a corkscrew, and is motile by means of an axial filament. This organism is most likely related to ________. A. Alphaproteobacteria B. Spirochaetales C. Actinobacteria D. Pseudomonadales
Spirochaetales
All of the following bacteria are motile; which does (do) NOT have flagella? A) Escherichia B) Helical bacteria C) Pseudomonas D) Spirochetes E) Salmonella
Spirochetes
Sexual spores form by doing all of the following EXCEPT: A. Two hyphae grow together and fuse B. Spores formed by fusion of male and female strains C. Spores formed by partitioning of hypha or forming special structures.
Spores formed by partitioning of hypha or forming special structures.
Lives on the skin and can invade wounds. Becomes resistant to antibiotics quickly. A. Salmonella bongori B. Serratia marcescens C. Staphylococcus aureus D. Salmonella typhi
Staphylococcus aureus
A population of organisms distinguishable from other populations and arise from a single organism A. Species B. Strains C. Genus D. Hyphae
Strains
Which of the following bacteria are responsible for more infections and more different kinds of infections? A) Streptococcus B) Staphylococcus C) Salmonella D) Pseudomonas E) Neisseria
Streptococcus
Which of the following bacteria is gram-positive? A) Pseudomonas B) Salmonella C) Streptococcus D) Bacteroides E) Rickettsia
Streptococcus
A puncture wound allows spores or mycelial fragments to implant directly into the tissue beneath the skin A. Systemic Mycosis B. Subcutaneous Mycosis C. Cutaneous Mycosis D. Superficial Mycosis E. Oppertunistic Mycosis
Subcutaneous Mycosis
Sporothrix schenckii, which occurs in gardeners and farmers is a: A. Systemic Mycosis B. Subcutaneous Mycosis C. Cutaneous Mycosis D. Superficial Mycosis E. Oppertunistic Mycosis
Subcutaneous Mycosis
D, substrate
Substance that fungus is growing on?
What is the substance that a fungus grow on A. Conidium B. Mycelium C. Substrate D. Filamentous
Substrate
Dermatophytes are A. Systemic Mycosis B. Subcutaneous Mycosis C. Cutaneous Mycosis D. Superficial Mycosis E. Oppertunistic Mycosis
Superficial Mycosis
Localized along hair shafts and epidermal cells A. Systemic Mycosis B. Subcutaneous Mycosis C. Cutaneous Mycosis D. Superficial Mycosis E. Oppertunistic Mycosis
Superficial Mycosis
Cells that have flagella and move outward to the edge of the colony and then revert back to normal cells. A. prosthecae B. Swarmer cell C. bacteriocins D. seovars
Swarmer cell
Coccidioidomycosis, which occurs in the dessert and SW USA, cause respiratory infection and is a: A. Systemic Mycosis B. Subcutaneous Mycosis C. Cutaneous Mycosis D. Superficial Mycosis E. Oppertunistic Mycosis
Systemic Mycosis
Fungal infections deep within the body A. Systemic Mycosis B. Subcutaneous Mycosis C. Cutaneous Mycosis D. Superficial Mycosis E. Oppertunistic Mycosis
Systemic Mycosis
Symptoms: Anemia A. Enterobius vermicularis B. Trichuris trichiura C. Necator americanus D. Taenia solium
Taenia solium
Transmission: Infected meat A. Enterobius vermicularis B. Trichuris trichiura C. Necator americanus D. Taenia solium
Taenia solium
Echinococcus granulosus A. Pinworm B. Whipworm C. Hookworm D. Tapeworm
Tapeworm
Taenia solium is a A. Pinworm B. Whipworm C. Hookworm D. Tapeworm
Tapeworm
A system that groups viruses into families based on nucleic acid type A. Viral species B. Taxonomy C. Morphology D. Viral Characteristics
Taxonomy
Which of the following is not true for the slide agglutination test? A. The test is carried out on a microscope slide. B. This test can be used to determine bacterial identity. C. Bacteria or other cells are mixed together with antibody on a slide. D. The absence of agglutination indicates that the antibody reacted with the antigen. E. Agglutination indicates that the antibody recognizes and thus binds to the antigens on the cell surface.
The absence of agglutination indicates that the antibody reacted with the antigen
Which of the following statements concerning Pseudomonas is true? A. The bacteria are gram-positive. B. The bacteria produce endospores. C. The bacteria can metabolize a wide variety of substrates. D. This genus does not contain any pathogens.
The bacteria can metabolize a wide variety of substrates.
cultivated in a living animal A.The only way to measure the body's immune response to a particular virus B. Useful for studying viral behavior but also for clinical diagnostic purpose C. How vaccines are produced
The only way to measure the body's immune response to a particular virus
For a virus to infect the host cell A. The outer surface of the virus must chemically interact with specific receptor sites B. Two complementary components are held together by strong bonds C. The caspid must be covered by an envelope
The outer surface of the virus must chemically interact with specific receptor sites
How would you know that viruses were multiplying in a confluent lawn of E. coli on a solid culture medium? A. The bacterial culture would grow faster. B. There would be small zones of clearing in the bacterial culture. C. There would be small blue spots on the bacterial culture. D. The bacterial colonies would swell.
There would be small zones of clearing in the bacterial culture
What is the hallmark of dichotomous keys? A. They consist of a series of paired statements, in which only one statement of each pair applies to a given organism. B. They only relate to biochemical processes of the cell. C. They are open-ended questions. D. They only relate to the shape of the cell.
They consist of a series of paired statements, in which only one statement of each pair applies to a given organism
Which of the following statements about the Oomycote algae is false? A) They form hyphae. B) They produce zoospores in a sporangium. C) They cause plant diseases. D) They have chlorophyll. E) They reproduce sexually
They have chlorophyll
Which of these answers is true for the trematodes? A. They live exclusively in the host's intestinal tract. B. They may have more than one intermediate host. C. They have long, flat, segmented bodies. D. They often lack reproductive systems. E. They are classified in the Phylum Nematoda
They may have more than one intermediate host
Which is not true of the rickettsias? A. They are classified as alpha-proteobacteria. B. They reproduce by fragmentation. C. They are typically transmitted by insects and ticks. D. They can cause human diseases often characterized by a rash. E. They are obligate intracellular parasites.
They reproduce by fragmentation
How are negative stains different from other types of stains? A. They stain more than one type of specimen. B. They stain the desired structure or specimen black. C. They stain the background, leaving the cells colorless
They stain the background, leaving the cells colorless
Conidiospore
This is a diagram of A. Arthrospore B. Chlamydospore C. Conidiospore D. Planospores
Mildew
This is a diagram of A. Sacccharomyces cerevisiae B. Rhizopus nigricans C. Mildew D. Penicillium
Penicillium
This is a diagram of A. Sacccharomyces cerevisiae B. Rhizopus nigricans C. Mildew D. Penicillium
Rhizopus nigricans
This is a diagram of A. Sacccharomyces cerevisiae B. Rhizopus nigricans C. Mildew D. Penicillium
Sacccharomyces cerevisiae
This is a diagram of A. Sacccharomyces cerevisiae B. Rhizopus nigricans C. Mildew D. Penicillium
Smut fungi
This is a diagram of A. Smut fungi B. Rhizopus nigricans C. Mildew D. Penicillium
Arthrospore
This is a diagram of: A. Arthrospore B. Chlamydospore C. Conidiospore D. Planospores
Chlamydospore
This is a diagram of: A. Arthrospore B. Chlamydospore C. Conidiospore D. Planospores
Fungi
This is a picture of what?
Which of the following is not true of the Western blot? A. Proteins from a known bacterium or virus are separated by electrophoresis in this assay. B. This technique identifies signature rRNA sequences of microbes. C. After electrophoresis of serum proteins, the separated proteins are blotted onto a filter. D. It is an important test for diagnosis of both HIV infection and Lyme disease. E. After electrophoresis and transfer of proteins to a filter, specific proteins can be identified with a patient's antibodies and an enzyme linked to anti-human serum.
This technique identifies signature rRNA sequences of microbes
Affects the scalp A. Tinea capitis B. Tinea corporis C. Tinea cruris D. Tinea pedis E. Tinea unguium
Tinea capitis
Affects the torso A. Tinea capitis B. Tinea corporis C. Tinea cruris D. Tinea pedis E. Tinea unguium
Tinea corporis
Affects the groin A. Tinea capitis B. Tinea corporis C. Tinea cruris D. Tinea pedis E. Tinea unguium
Tinea cruris
Affects the feet A. Tinea capitis B. Tinea corporis C. Tinea cruris D. Tinea pedis E. Tinea unguium
Tinea pedis
Affects the nails A. Tinea capitis B. Tinea corporis C. Tinea cruris D. Tinea pedis E. Tinea unguium
Tinea unguium
What is the fundamental purpose of staining in light microscopy? A. To increase the contrast and visibility of the specimen B. To kill the specimen C. To see the specimen without the aid of a microscope D. To make the specimen appear larger in the microscope
To increase the contrast and visibility of the specimen
Also known as flukes A. Cestodes B. Trematodes C. Nematoda D. Amebae
Trematodes
Opisthorchis sinensis is a A. Nematode B. Trichinella C. Cestodes D. Trematodes
Trematodes
Schistosoma mansoni is a A. Nematode B. Trichinella C. Cestodes D. Trematodes
Trematodes
These helminths are leaf shaped with suckers A. Cestodes B. Trematodes C. Nematoda D. Amebae
Trematodes
Which of the following bacteria is gram-negative? A) Treponema B) Corynebacterium C) Bacillus D) Staphylococcus E) Mycobacterium
Treponema
Trichinella spiralis is a A. Nematode B. Trichinella C. Cestodes D. Trematodes
Trichinella
Wuchereria bancrofti is a A. Nematode B. Trichinella C. Cestodes D. Trematodes
Trichinella
Symptoms: Fever, swelling of upper eyelids, muscle soreness, myocarditis, encephalitis A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis
Trichinella spiralis
Transmission: Infected meat A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis
Trichinella spiralis
Trichinella A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis
Trichinella spiralis
Symptoms: Adbominal pain, bloody stool, weight loss A. Enterobius vermicularis B. Trichuris trichiura C. Necator americanus D. Taenia solium
Trichuris trichiura
Transmission: Ingesting mature ova into small intestine (fecal/oral) A. Enterobius vermicularis B. Trichuris trichiura C. Necator americanus D. Taenia solium
Trichuris trichiura
True or False During lysogeny, the phage remains latent
True
True or False During the maturation of enveloped viruses, the envelope is acquired through budding from the host cell membrane
True
True or False Members of a fungal phylum are characterized by a specific type of sexual spore
True
True or False Most plants benefit from symbiotic fungal partners
True
True or False Structurally, bacteriophages are complex viruses
True
True or False The phylum Platyhelminthes contains the cestodes and trematodes
True
True or False Virus spikes are used for attachment to the host cell
True
True or False There is no good animal model for HIV because the virus doesn't make other animals sick.
True
True or False Viruses contain DNA or RNA as their nucleic acid
True
True/ False The majority of bacterial species on Earth have not been successfully cultivated.
True
True/False Bergey's Manual can be used to identify bacteria
True
True/False High G+C gram-positive bacteria include mycobacteria, corynebacteria, and nocardia
True
True/False Legionella, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, and Enterobacter are in the same class of proteobacteria.
True
True/False Low G+C gram positive bacteria include common soil bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria, and several human pathogens.
True
True/False Mycobacteria are acid-fast.
True
True/False Nucleic acid can be either linear or circular
True
True/False Proteobacteria include mostly gram-negative, chemoheterotrophics
True
Asexual spores form by doing all of the following EXCEPT: A. Two hyphae grow together and fuse B. One mold or fungus will divide an area C. Spores formed by partitioning of hypha or forming special structures. D. Spores are formed by budding
Two hyphae grow together and fuse
Phylogenetics do all of the following EXCEPT: A. Show actual relationship between organisms B. Based on rRNA and DNA C. Use cell membrane to discover genome D. Based on evaluation of microbes
Use cell membrane to discover genome They use proteins.
Cultivated in cell culture A. Provides a way of studying a disease's progression B. Useful for studying viral behavior but also for clinical diagnostic purpose C. How vaccines are produced
Useful for studying viral behavior but also for clinical diagnostic purpose
Arthropods that carry pathogenic microorganisms A. Vector B. Cestodes C. Nematoda D. Amebae
Vector
Filaments that look like roots A. Vegatative hyphae B. Reproductive hyphea C. Conidium D. Mycelium
Vegatative hyphae
Following an endospore stain, how does one distinguish endospores from vegetative cells? A. Vegetative cells are pink, endospores are purple. B. Vegetative cells are purple, endospores are pink. C. Vegetative cells are pink, endospores are green. D. Vegetative cells are green, endospores are pink.
Vegetative cells are pink, endospores are green
The causative agent of cholera. This disease usually inhabits coastal salt waters and is transmitted to humans mostly by raw or undercooked shellfish. A. Vibrio B. Bacillus C. Pseudomonas D. Legionella
Vibrio
Which of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the others? A. Salmonella B. Vibrio C. Klebsiella D. Serratia WHY?
Vibrio are vibrionales Salmonella, Klebsiella and Serratiaare enterobactriales
Cultivated in embryonated poultry eggs A.The only way to measure the body's immune response to a particular virus B. Useful for studying viral behavior but also for clinical diagnostic purpose C. Viral growth may be detected by the death of the embryo
Viral growth may be detected by the death of the embryo
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of viruses? A. Viruses are unaffected by antibiotics. B. Viruses have either DNA or RNA, but not both. C. Viral nucleic acid is surrounded by a plasma membrane. D. Viruses lack an ATP-generating mechanism.
Viral nucleic acid is surrounded by a plasma membrane
A group of viruses sharing the same genetic information and ecological niche A. Viral species B. Taxonomy C. Temperate phages D. Viral Characteristics
Viral species
A completed, fully developed, infectious viral particle composed of nucleic acid and surrounded by a protein coat outside of a host cell is called: A. Caspid B. Viroid C. Prion D. Virion
Virion
A vehicle transmittion from a host cell to another A. Caspid B. Viroid C. Prion D. Virion
Virion
Must enter plants through wounds or be assisted by other plant parasites A. Caspid B. Viroid C. Prion D. Virion
Viroid
Plant cells are normally protected from disease by impermeable cell wall A. Caspid B. Viroid C. Prion D. Virion
Viroid
Short pieces of non-enveloped RNA with no protein coat A. Caspid B. Viroid C. Prion D. Virion
Viroid
Cause the synthesis of specialized structures that can transfer the viral nucleic acid to other cells A. Fungi B. Virus C. Protozoa D. Helminth
Virus
Contain a protein coat that surrounds the nucleic acid enclosed by and envelope A. Fungi B. Virus C. Helminth D. Protozoa
Virus
Contain a single type of nucleic acid A. Virus B. Helminth C. Protozoa D. Fungi
Virus
Multiply inside living cells by using the synthesizing machinery of the cell A. Protozoa B. Virus C. Helminth D. Fungi
Virus
Cytopathic Effect A. Viruses infecting a monolayer sometimes causes the cells to deteriorateas they multiply B. Derived from tissue slices, tend to die after only a few generations C. Derived for human embryos, widely used for culturing viruses that require a human host
Viruses infecting a monolayer sometimes causes the cells to deteriorateas they multiply
Which statement about viruses is FALSE? A. The genome of a virus can be either DNA or RNA, depending on the particular virus. B. Viruses will usually infect any available cell, regardless of the cell type. C. Viruses are active only when inside a cell. D. Viruses always have a protein coat.
Viruses will usually infect any available cell, regardless of the cell type
Used to identify antibodies in a patient's serum. A. Biochemical Tests B. Slide agglutination test C. Western blotting D. Serological testing
Western blotting
What is the most commonly used means to identify a virus A. Cytopathic Effect B. Biosynthesis C. Western blotting D. Hemagglutination
Western blotting
Conidium
What is A?
Reproductive Hyphae
What is B?
Vegatative Hyphae
What is C?
Substrate
What is D?
Hyphae
Where is this spore forming A. conidium B. Hyphae C. Bud
A
Which one is Blastospore?
C
Which one is Conidiospore?
C, Conidiospore
Which one is Penicillium?
B, Chlamydospore
Which one is Smut Fungi?
B
Which one is a Chlamydospore?
B
Which one is a Planospore?
A, Blastospore
Which one is a Sacccharomyces cerevisiae?
A
Which one is a arthrospore?
B, reproductive hyphae
Which one is known as Aerial Hyphae?
A, Arthrospore
Which one is mildew?
A, Blastospore
Which one is yeast buds?
Trichuris trichiura is a A. Pinworm B. Whipworm C. Hookworm D. Tapeworm
Whipworm
Disease: Elephantitis A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis
Wuchereria bancrofti
Filaria A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis
Wuchereria bancrofti
Symptoms: Fever, swelling of lymph glands, genitals and extremities A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis
Wuchereria bancrofti
Transmission: Culex, Aedes and Anopheles mosquitos A. Wuchereria bancrofti B. Schistosoma mansoni C. Trichinella spiralis D. Opisthorchis sinensis
Wuchereria bancrofti
Cause of the plague. Transmitted by fleas, rats, and respiratory droplets. A. Salmonella bongori B. Serratia marcescens C. Yersinia pestis D. Helicobacter pylori
Yersinia pestis
Which of the following methods could be used to differentiate between a member of domain Bacteria and a member of domain Archaea? A. You could look for the presence of mitochondria. B. You could see if the organism can survive in an extreme environment. C. You could see if the organism produces rRNA. D. You could look for the presence of peptidoglycan. E. All of the above would work. F. None of the above would work.
You could look for the presence of peptidoglycan
Algal fungi: A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota
Zygomycota
Branched nonseptate hyphae: A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota
Zygomycota
Bread molds and water molds: A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota
Zygomycota
Contain the spores zoospores, aplanospores, oospores and zygospores. A. Zygomycota B. Ascomycota C. Basidiomycota D. Deuteromycota
Zygomycota
You have isolated a bacterium from a patient. Which of the following methods would NOT be sufficient for species identification? A. a Gram stain B. a series of rapid biochemical tests in the numerical identification format C. phage typing D. a slide agglutination test
a Gram stain
Which do all viruses have ? A) a capsid B) an envelope
a capsid
Ciguatera is caused by A) a tick bite B) a dinoflagellate neurotoxin
a dinoflagellate neurotoxin
Which pair includes organisms that are the most closely related? A. a fungus and a bacterium B. a fungus and a human C. a bacterium and an archaeon D. a bacterium and a dog
a fungus and a human These two organisms are in different domains
A clone is: A) a genetically identical population derived from a single cell B) a genetically engineered cell C) a mound of cells on the agar medium D) a taxon composed of a single species
a genetically identical population derived from a single cell
Which of the following best defines a strain: A) a pure culture B) a group of cells derived from a single parent C) a group of cells with a limited geographical distribution D) a group of cells that is not identical to other groups in the same species
a group of cells that is not identical to other groups in the same species
To what does the term viral species refer? A. a group of viruses sharing the same disease symptoms B. a group of viruses sharing the same genetic information and structure C. viruses grouped according to their susceptibility to antibiotics D. a group of viruses that are reproductively isolated E. viruses grouped according to growth on selective media
a group of viruses sharing the same genetic information and structure
Which type of organism is a nematode? A) fungus B) a helminth.
a helminth
Which of the following is not included in Domain Eukarya? A. a photosynthetic bacterium B. a slime mold C. a yeast D. a fern E. a ciliate
a photosynthetic bacterium
Which of the following is an appropriate definition for prokaryotic species? A. closely related organisms that appear identical when visualized using a microscope B. closely related organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring C. a population of cells with similar characteristics including morphology, biochemical reactions, and DNA sequences D. a population of cells with identical DNA sequences
a population of cells with similar characteristics including morphology, biochemical reactions, and DNA sequences
Which of these causes a disease called Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease? A) a virion B) a prion
a prion. Prions are infectious proteins that cause a number of neurological diseases and a virion is another name for a complete virus.
Which of these causes a disease called Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease? A) a viroid B) a prion
a prion. Prions are infectious proteins that cause a number of neurological diseases.
Which type of organism is Toxoplasma gondii? A) a protozoan parasite B) a helminth
a protozoan parasite. Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that can infect cats as well as humans
Define prosthecae
a protrusion such as stalks or buds.
When viral DNA is integrated into a host cell's chromosome, is it called A) a prophage B) a provirus.
a provirus. When viral DNA is integrated into a host cell's chromosome, is it called a provirus.
Which of the following best defines a strain? A. same as a species B. a group of organisms with a limited geographical distribution C. a group of cells derived from a single parent D. a pure culture that is not totally identical to other cultures of the same species E. a population of cells with similar characteristics
a pure culture that is not totally identical to other cultures of the same species
A genus can best be defined as A. a taxon composed of one or more species and below family. B. a taxon belonging to a species. C. a taxon composed of families. D. a taxon comprised of classes. E. the most specific taxon.
a taxon composed of one or more species and below family.
What is the name of the motile, feeding stage that all protozoa have? A) a trophozoite B) a cyst
a trophozoite. The trophozoite feeds upon bacteria and small particulate nutrients
What is the complete assembled virus known as A) a viroid B) a virion.
a virion. A virion is the complete virus.
The three domains differ in A. Lipid membrane B. rRna C. tRNA D. sensitivity to antibiotics E. all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following are possible strategies for treating viral infections? A. blocking viral attachment to host cell receptors B. blocking uncoating of the virus after entry C. blocking insertion of viral DNA into the host cell chromosomes D. blocking biosynthesis of viral nucleic acids. E. all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following techniques would allow you to easily differentiate between Staphylococcus and Enterococcus? A. Gram stain B. genetic testing C. simple stain D. all of the above
all of the above
Prions cause disease by __________. A. altering normal proteins B. altering genes C. activity of a reverse transcriptase D. causing transcription and translation of abnormal proteins
altering normal proteins
The combination of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates covering the protein coat of a virus is A) an envelope B) a capsid
an envelope. The envelope may cover the capsid of some viruses called enveloped viruses.
Which of the following is a characteristic of Clostridium? A) endospore-forming cocci B) mycobacteria C) anaerobic gram-positive rods D) aerobic-gram-negative rods
anaerobic gram-positive rods
Fungi that produce only asexual spores are called
anamorphic
Serological testing is based on the fact that: A) all bacteria have the same antigens B) antibodies react specifically with an antigen C) antibodies cause the formation of antigens D) bacteria clump together when mixed with any antibodies
antibodies react specifically with an antigen
Fungal spores ________. A. are as resistant to extreme environmental conditions as bacterial endospores are B. require moisture for survival C. are considered "reproductive" spores D. are released from the "parent" only after the parent dies E. include only sexual spores
are considered "reproductive" spores
Rickettsias are different from most other bacteria in that they __________. A. are gram-positive B. lack cell walls C. require other bacteria to help them reproduce D. are obligate intracellular parasites
are obligate intracellular parasites
Bacteria and Archaea are similar in which of the following: A) peptidoglycan cell walls B) methionine is that start signal for protein synthesis C) are prokaryotic cells with no nucleus D) sensitivity to antibiotics
are prokaryotic cells with no nucleus
Biochemical tests _________________. A. are the main methods used to identify unknown bacteria B. are used to determine rate of growth C. are visualized using microscopes D. are the most effective way to determine bacterial shape
are the main methods used to identify unknown bacteria
Phage typing is based on the fact that: A) bacteria are destroyed by viruses B) bacterial viruses attack specific cells C) viruses cause disease D) bacteria and viruses are related
bacterial viruses attack specific cells
What is a protein that help maintain the ecological balance of various entrics in the intestines. A. prosthecae B. Swarmer cell C. bacteriocins D. seovars
bacteriocins
What is the term for a virus that infects bacteria?
bacteriophage
Some viruses leave a cell by pushing through the cell membrane (rather than lysing the cell). When this happens, a portion of the membrane wraps round the viral capsid, becoming the envelope. What is the name for this process? A. lysogeny B. biosynthesis C. budding D. conjugation
budding
How does a virus generally acquire an envelope? A) endocytosis B) budding
budding. When viruses bud from the host cell, they acquire an envelope
Rickettsial infections damage the permeability of ______, which results in a spotted _____
capillaries, rash
The protein coat of a virus is called the __________. A. capsid B. capsomere C. envelope D. viral membrane
capsid
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Archaea? A. carry out unusual metabolic processes B. lack peptidoglycan in cell walls C. found in extreme environments D. cause disease in humans E. may be a hyperthermophile or extreme halophile
cause disease in humans
Which of the following characteristics are shared by Enterococcus and Streptococcus? A. growth patterns on blood agar B. cell arrangement C. found on/in healthy carriers D. none of the above
cell arrangement
Fungi are ________. A. lithotrophs B. photoautotrophs C. chemoautotrophs D. chemoheterotrophs E. photoheterotrophs
chemoheterotrophs
Which mode of nutrition do fungi possess? A) chemoheterotrophs B) photosynthesizers
chemoheterotrophs. Fungi require organic compounds for energy and carbon
Cell lines derived from transformed (cancerous) cells are called ________. A. embryonated B. primary cell lines C. continuous cell lines D. plaques E. monolayers
continuous cell lines
Provides a way of studying a disease's progression A. cultivated in a living animal B. Cultivated in cell culture C. Cultivated in embryonated poultry eggs
cultivated in a living animal
The only way to measure the body's immune response to a particular virus A. cultivated in a living animal B. Cultivated in cell culture C. Cultivated in embryonated poultry eggs
cultivated in a living animal
This permits the organism to survive when food, moisture or oxygen are lacking A. proglottids B. cytostome C. scolex D. cyst
cyst
Under certain adverse conditions, some protozoa produce a protective capsule. Is this a A) spore B) cyst
cyst. A cyst permits the organism to survive when food, moisture, or oxygen are lacking
Mouthlike opening, cilia take in food by waiving towards it. A. proglottids B. cytostome C. scolex D. oocyst
cytostome
The mycoplasmas appear to have evolved from gram-positive bacteria that have lost the genes that encode enzymes for peptidoglycan production. This evolutionary loss of genetic material is known as __________. (2 words)
degenerative evolution
Fungi that infect only the epidermis, hair, and nails are A) dermatophytes B) yeasts
dermatophytes. Dermatophytes secrete keratinase, which digests keratin found in hair, nails, and skin
A key difference between classification methods and identification methods is that classification methods are designed to ________. A. determine evolutionary relationships of organisms B. determine the oxygen requirements of an organism C. learn whether an organism is pathogenic D. determine if the organism is resistant to antibiotics E. examine an organism's staining characteristics
determine evolutionary relationships of organisms
Red tide" is caused by a proliferation of __________. A. red algae B. diatoms C. green algae D. dinoflagellates
dinoflagellates
Prion diseases can be acquired in all of the following ways except by ________. A. transplantation B. inherited C. direct contact D. ingestion E. contaminated surgical instruments
direct contact
Which of these factors is NOT used in classifying viruses? A. morphology B. disease symptoms C. host range D. genome
disease symptoms
You are an epidemiologist studying an emerging disease reported over the past 3 years in Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Michigan. You have noticed a seasonal pattern of disease, with new cases appearing in late April through September and peaking in July. No new cases appear during late fall or the winter months. This pattern is suggestive of ________. A. disease caused by a pathogenic algae B. disease caused by a parasitic protozoa C. disease caused by a temperature-sensitive bacterium D. disease transmission by an arthropod vector such as a mosquito or tick E. disease caused by a temperature-sensitive virus
disease transmission by an arthropod vector such as a mosquito or tick
Which of these is a neurotoxin produced by diatoms? A) domoic acid B) carrageenan
domoic acid. Domoic acid causes memory loss and diarrhea when ingested
Members of the Kingdom Fungi are ________. A. prokaryotes B. either unicellular or multicellular C. photosynthetic D. typically found in "extreme environments" E. usually motile
either unicellular or multicellular
Which method of growing viruses is common when making vaccines? A) embryonated poultry eggs B) live animals
embryonated poultry eggs
Members of the order Enterobacteriales are commonly referred to as the __________.
enterics
Some viruses have a membrane-like structure on their surface, composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. This is called a(n) __________. A. capsid B. core C. capsule D. envelope
envelope
Biochemical tests are used to determine: A) staining characteristics B) amino acid sequences C) enzymatic activities D) nucleic acid base composition
enzymatic activities
True or False Algin is a neurotoxin produced by some dinoflagellates
false
Trematodes are also known as .
flukes
Which of the following is not involved in the production of sexual spores in fungi? A. nuclear fusion B. nuclear migration C. fragmentation D. contact between two fungi E. meiosis
fragmentation
A new soil microorganism has been described. On some growth media, it forms colonies of unicellular organisms; but under certain conditions it forms long, multicellular filaments and spores. The cells have nuclei, and their cell walls are composed of chitin. To which of the following groups does this new organism belong? A. bacteria B. fungi C. archaea D. algae E. protozoa
fungi
Pseudomonadales, Legionellales, Vibrionales, Enterobacteriales, and Pasteurellales are classified as A. Gammaproteobacteria B. Betaproteobacteria C. Epsilonproteobacteria D. Actinobacteria
gammaproteobacteria
A clone is A. a genetically engineered cell. B. a mound of cells on an agar medium. C. genetically identical cells derived from a single cell. D. a taxon composed of species. E. None of the answers is correct
genetically identical cells derived from a single cell
In the scientific name Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter is the A. kingdom. B. order. C. specific epithet. D. genus. E. family.
genus.
Members of the phylum Proteobacteria are: A. gram-negative B. gram-positive
gram-negative
Enterics are __________. A. strictly anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria that always cause disease B. gram-positive bacteria found in humans C. strictly aerobic bacteria D. gram-negative facultative anaerobes that are found in the intestines of animals
gram-negative facultative anaerobes that are found in the intestines of animals
Rickettsias are: A. gram-positve rod shaped bacteria B. gram-negative rod shaped bacteria C. gram-positive spherical shaped bacteria D. gram-negative spherical shaped bacteria
gram-negative rod shaped bacteria
Which of the following is the preferred method for cultivating many animal viruses? A. growing them in animal cell cultures B. growing them in bacteria C. inoculating appropriate laboratory animals D. growing them on highly enriched agar media
growing them in animal cell cultures
Borrelia, the causative agent of Lyme disease, is a spirochete similar to the causative agent of syphilis, Treponema. Both bacteria __________. A. have axial filaments B. have flagella C. are gram-positive D. make endospores
have axial filaments