CH 11.6-11.8. A&P 1. DSM

Fibrosis is defined as __________.

an increase in the amount of connective tissue in muscles that is often seen in the elderly

In an individual who complains of shin-splints, the affected muscles are located over the __________.

anterior surface of the leg

The flexors that move the leg, commonly known as the hamstrings, include the _______________.

biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus

As the body exercises and muscles work harder, how does the cardiovascular system compensate for the increased work by the muscles?

Blood vessels in active muscles dilate.

Which of the following muscles does NOT flex the forearm?

Brachialis ***Triceps brachii Biceps brachii Brachioradialis

Elderly people sometimes have difficulty exercising. This is probably related to a decrease in their muscular endurance. What change is NOT a factor in decreased endurance of muscle cells as people age?

Increase in muscle size

Which muscles arise on the humerus and the forearm and rotate the radius without producing either flexion or extension of the elbow?

Pronator teres and supinator

What is a reason elderly people have a lower tolerance for exercise?

Reduced thermoregulation

Marcia, a sprinter, pulls a hamstring muscle the day before a big race. Which of the following muscles has she NOT injured?

Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Biceps femoris ***Rectus femoris

What muscles and their tendons make up the rotator cuff?

The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapulais muscles

Which of the following is a muscle that positions the pectoral girdle?

Trapezius

The actions produced by arm muscles but NOT by leg muscles are __________.

pronation and supination

The extensors that move the leg, commonly known as the quadriceps, include the __________.

rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis

A pair of deep posterior trunk muscles that adduct the scapula and cause downward rotation of the scapula are the _________

rhomboid major and minor

As we exercise, which body system does NOT help to support this increased activity?

the cardiovascular system The respiratory system The integumentary system ***The urinary system

Which of the following flexes and abducts the wrist?

Flexor carpi radialis

Which of the following is NOT a part of the hamstrings?

Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus ***Popliteus

Even though they both insert on the calcaneus, what can the gastrocnemius muscle do that the soleus cannot?

Evert the foot Dorsiflex the ankle **Flex the knee Adduct the foot

Which muscle or muscles can extend the ankle?

Gastrocnemius and soleus

Which of the following muscles is involved in moving the thigh?

Gluteus maximus

Which muscle or muscles can cause abduction and medial rotation at the hip?

Gluteus medius and minimus

Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the muscular system?

Skeletal muscles become less elastic. **Muscle fibers become larger in diameter. The ability to recover from muscular injuries decreases. Tolerance for exercise decreases.

Which muscle elevates the shoulders, such as when you shrug your shoulders?

Trapezius