Consciousness, the brain, and behavior

Which EEG wave pattern(S) can be recorded in an awake, healthy adult?

1. Alpha waves 2. Beta waves 3. Gamma waves

Order of the EEG patterns in the order (TOP to Bottom) that a person typically goes through when falling asleep and progressing through one cycle of sleep.

1. Beta 2. Alpha 3. Theta 4. Delta 5. REM

Which two of the following are defined as altered states of consciousness?

1. Delusional 2. Hallucinating

Which three of these options are typical symptoms of the disorder schizophrenia?

1. Delusions 2. Catatonia 3. Hallucinations

The formation of declarative memories is most dependent on which two brain structures?

1. Hippocampus 2. Amygdala

Choose the options that correctly identify the effects of sleep deprivation.

1. Psychosis 2. Impaired immune system 3. Memory deficits 4. Impaired cognitive function

Which are terms used to describe the stage of sleep in which dreams most commonly occur?

1. REM 2. Rapid eye movement 3. Paradoxical

Which three of the terms below would be appropriate names for describing the type of memory involved in how to brush your teeth, tie your shoe laces, sign your name, and shift gears in a vehicle?

1. Reflexive 2. Procedural 3. Implicit

The positive things that motivate particular behaviors to occur more often are called _________; negative things that make particular behaviors less likely to happen are called ___________.

1. Rewards 2. punishments

Which two brain centers are involved in mediating the technical aspects of understanding and expressing language?

1. Wernicke's area 2. Broca's area

The correctly identify the effects of sleep deprivation

1. impaired cognitive function 2. psychosis 3. memory deficits 4. impaired immune system

Match the EEG wave with the typical frequency range.

Alpha Waves> 8-12Hz Beta waves> 12Hz Delta waves> 4Hz Gamma waves> 30-100Hz Theta waves> 4-8Hz

Match the arousal state with its definition

Coma> Individual cannot be aroused, but may have some level of consciousness Brain dead> No nervous system function above the spinal cord Persistent vegetative state> Individual is unaware of his/her surroundings but sleep-wake cycles are present.

The two hemispheres of the brain are interconnected by a major neural pathway called the _________________

Corpus callosum

Memory of facts or events that can be put into words is called _______ memory.

Declarative

Raj recently had a stroke, since his stroke, Raj has been unable to learn the names of new people that he meets. Raj has a deficit in which type of memory?

Declarative

The primary neurotransmitters which mediated the brain reward system is _____________

Dopamine

Synaptic potentials within the cerebral cortex produce electrical activity that can be observed in a recording called a(n) _______________

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

The neural process by which an experience is physiologically converted into a memory of that experience known as a memory ______________

Encoding

An individual with damage to Broca's area would suffer from the condition called _________ (comprehensive or expressive?) aphasia

Expressive

Neural centers for the regulation of eating, drinking, temperature control and sexual behavior are found in the ______________.

Hypothalamus

Long-term potentiation involves a(n) ___________ in synaptic effectiveness.

Increase

Ignoring background conversation while focusing on driving is an example of what type of conscious experience?

Selective attention

Orexins stimulate the release of __________ by neurons of the reticular activating system.

Monoamines

The stages of sleep with the EEG pattern with which it is associated.

N1 > theta rhythm N2> sleep spindles and K complexes N3> delta rhythm REM> beta rhythm-like pattern

The general term that describes the ability to modify the connectivity and function of neural tissue is called _________________.

Plasticity

Match the types of substance dependence with its description.

Psychological dependence> having a craving for a substance Physical dependence> Withdrawal is experienced if a substance is not taken

Durning which stage of sleep is the brain's activity most like that an alerts, awake individual?

REM sleep

John has been using heroin for a while. To feel the same effects these days, he needs to take much higher dosages; this effect is known as ______

Tolerance

Activity of the reticular activating system (RAS) promotes __________, and inhibition of the RAS promotes______________.

Wakefulness, sleep

Which EEG wave pattern is associated with EEG arousal and the act of paying attention to a stimulus?

Beta waves

The acquisition and storage of information in as a consequence of experience is known as __________.

Learning

The ability to recall the name of someone you met a week ago at a party is an example of ________

Long--term memory

A process leading to a decrease in the effectiveness of a synapse is called _______________.

Long-term depression

The storage form of learned information, which occurs sometimes only for the short-term and sometimes relatively permanently, is called ________

Memory

A prolonged inner emotion that most people feel they have control over is known as a ___________

mood

Memory consolidation refers to the conversion of a _________ memory to a ____________memory.

short term; long term