Ch 12

The shifting of management of programs from government to non-government organizations is termed:

Privatization

True or False. A goal-directed and purposefully designed machine is reflective of the rational perspective on organizations.

True

True or False. The central idea of decision theory is that the most effective organizations will maximize internal efficiency.

False. Decision theory focuses on how decisions of individuals in organizations affect the organization as a whole

True or False. An assumption of Theory Y is that workers have an inherent dislike of work.

False. Theory Y assumes that workers see work as a natural activity

Which of the following is BEST described as a collectivity of people with a high degree of formality of structure who work together to meet a goal or goals?

Formal organization

Which of the following systems perspective posits the idea that the organization must be able to learn and change in a rapidly changing environment?

Learning organization theory

Which of the following interpretive perspective theories posits the central idea that organizational systems and practices should maximize the potential advantages of diversity in organizational membership?

Managing diversity model

Which of the following perspectives has a basic premise that organizations provide members with a sense of connection and are creations of human consciousness and reflect the worldviews of the creators and is a social construction of reality?

Interpretive perspective

The central idea that an organization is defined by individual actors is based on the ___________________ model.

Social action

True or False. When there is a collectivity of people with a high degree of formality of structure and working towards meeting a goal or goals, this is known as a formal organization.

True

List the three assumptions associated with Theory X.

1. Workers have an inherent dislike of work 2. Workers prefer to be told what to do 3. Workers respond to money as the primary motivator

List the three assumptions associated with Theory Y.

1. Workers see work as a natural activity 2. Workers are self-directed when working on projects to which they are committed 3. Workers seek responsibility when organizational goals are congruent with their needs. They have more creative contributions to make than organizations generally allow

According to the rational model, the most efficient form of an organization for goal accomplishment is a ___________.

Bureaucracy

Which term BEST represents the most efficient form of organization for goal accomplishment in the rational perspective?

Bureaucracy

__________ is a "prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors on the job"

Burnout

33. All of the following are dimensions of burnout, except: A. cynicism B. exhaustion C. difficulty of tasks D. inefficacy

C. difficulty of tasks

When organizations are viewed as instruments of domination this defines the _______________ perspective on formal organizations.

Critical

Which of the following is NOT a dimension of work life associated with burnout? A. workload demand B. failure to provide appropriate rewards C. compromising values D. generous annual leave policy

D. generous annual leave policy

Which of the following represents a theory where the central idea is focused on the fact that organizational rationality has limits?

Decision-making theory

____________ is defined as "the engagement, suppression, or evocation of the worker's emotions necessary to get the job done"

Emotional labor

True or False. The central idea of scientific management theory is that organizational rationality has limits.

False. That is decision-making theory. Scientific management theory states that the most effective organizations maximize internal efficiency, the "one best way"

True or False. An assumption of Theory X is that workers see work as a natural activity.

False. Theory X assumes that workers have an inherent dislike of work

When participants in a research study know they are being studied, it has been suggested that they become more productive simply because they know their behavior is being studied. This phenomenon is known as the:

Hawthorne effect

Schools, correctional facilities, and hospitals are examples of what type of organizations social workers may work in?

Host organizations

Which of the following represents a theory where the central idea is focused on human relationships for organizational efficiency and effectiveness?

Human relations theory

_____________ is the name given to organizations that combine political advocacy and service provision in their core identity.

Hybrid organization

Which of the following represents a theory where the central idea centers on formal rationality and highlights rules, regulations, and structures that are essential to goal accomplishment?

Ideal-type bureaucracy

Recent research by O'Conner and Netting, suggests that, compared to older social service organizations, newer social service organizations are:

Less likely to have traditional bureaucratic cultures

The purpose in managing diversity in the managing diversity model is to:

Maximize advantages of diversity while minimizing its disadvantages

Participatory management is a central idea of a ____________________ organization.

Nonhierarchical

Which of the following critical perspective theories posits the idea that organizations run by consensus, with few rules and with informality, and are least likely to oppress employees?

Nonhierarchical organizations

The central idea that organizations are cultures with shared experiences and shared meanings is based on the _______________________ model.

Organizational culture

Which of the following interpretive perspective theories posits the central idea the organizations are cultures with shared experiences and shared meanings?

Organizational culture model

Which of the following critical perspective theories posits the idea that organizations exclude and discriminate against multiple groups?

Organizations as multiple oppressions

The model most helpful for social service organizations in deciding which clients to serve, which services to provide, and how to organize services and staff functions is:

Political economy

Which of the following systems perspective posits the idea that the organization depends on the environment for political and economic resources?

Political economy model

When a formal organization is viewed as a goal-directed and a purposefully designed machine that maximizes efficiency and effectiveness, it is based on which of the following?

Rational perspective

Which of the following represents a theory which focuses on the most effective approach to maximizing internal efficiency and finding the one best way?

Scientific management

Which of the following interpretive perspective theories posits the central idea that an organization is defined by individual actors?

Social action model

Which of the following perspectives has a major theme focused on the assumption that an organization is in constant interaction with multiple environments?

Systems perspective

Which organizational theory model serves as a bridge between the systems perspective and the interpretive perspective:

The idea of learning organization

Briefly explain the meaning of the Hawthorne effect.

The tendency of experimental participants to perform in particular ways simply because they know they are being studied

The assumptions that workers have an inherent dislike of work, prefer to be told what to do, and respond to money as the primary motivator describes which of the following theories?

Theory X

The assumptions that workers regard work as a natural activity, are self-directed and committed, and make creative contributions to the organization describes which of the following theories?

Theory Y

True or False. The central idea of human relations theory is that focusing on human relationships is central to organizational efficiency and effectiveness.

True

True or False. The central idea of the ideal-type bureaucracy theory is that rules, regulation, and structures are essential for goal accomplishment.

True

True or False. The central idea of the learning organization theory is that an organization must be able to learn and change in a rapidly changing environment.

True

True or False. The central idea of the political economy model is that an organization depends on the environment for political and economic resources.

True

Consensual models of formal organizations are characterized by:

leadership based on election

A theory based on the assumption that organizations must become more capable of constant learning is the _____________________ theory.

learning organization

Organizational humanism:

promotes individual happiness and well-being

Which of the following perspectives has a basic premise that organizations are instruments of domination?

Critical perspective

Existing theories of organizations have been developed and studied primarily in:

Stable-market economic systems