Horticulture Produce CDEs Test Bank
Minor elements needed for pecan production in New Mexico are
Fe, Zn, Mn
_______ make better use of hot bed, greenhouse, or coldframe space.
Flats
Which is the most important deciduous fruit crop for the United States?
apple
The coddling moth most often attacks
apples
Cut worms attack young plants
at the soil level.
Some hazards of growing vegetables are
birds. insects. weeds. (All of the above)
Which of the following insects has caused statewide damage to pecans in New Mexico?
black pecanaphid
Trunks of young pecan trees are subject to sunscald, they may be protected by wrapping them with
burlap, paper, aluminum foil.
Injury on grapes from late spring frosts may be reduced
by delaying pruning in the spring.
Active absorption is when water moves into the plant
by the process of transpiration. by internal pressure. (Both B & C)
The principle tissue of a plant that makes grafting possible is
cambium.
The kniffin system of training grape vines is a type of
cane system
The amount of water held against the force of gravity, which is available for plant
capillary water.
The male flowers of a pecan are called
catkins
The framework of a pecan tree refers to the
central leader and lateral branches.
Pecan trees are trained to the
central leader.
The green pigment in plants is named
chlorophyll.
The smallest mineral component in soil is
clay.
A ________ zone is an area in which a common set of temperature ranges, humidity patterns, and other geographic and seasonal characteristics allow certain plants to succeed and cause others to fail to grow.
climate
To control damping off one must
control environmental conditions.
English peas are a
cool season crop.
Aphid infestations are controlled with
malathion. diazinon. sevin. (All of the above)
Monocious means
male and female flowers are on the same plant but different flowers.
Apple quality is largely determined by how _____ the fruit is when harvested.
mature
Removing suckers on corn
may reduce yield.
A tuber is an example of a
modified stem.
No matter how much or how little pruning one does on an established plant, the objective is to _____ the plant's growth.
modify
Tensiometers are used to determine the
moisture in the soil.
The label in a flat of seeds should include
name of plant. the date seeded. variety of plant. (All of the above)
Root Knot is a problem on grape vines caused by
nematodes
Which nutrient is most commonly needed for growing grapes in New Mexico?
nitrogen
Soybeans need inoculation with
nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Chlorosis is caused by
nitrogen. iron. zinc. (All of the above)
The place on the stem where leaves and buds are attached is the
node.
In the hill system of planting strawberries, runners are
not allowed to root and grow.
When bare-root apple trees are being handled in the winter the exposed roots may be killed by temperatures
of 20 to 24 degrees F.
The science and practice of growing vegetable crops is
olericulture.
Young pecan orchards may be interplanted with annual crops such as
onion, tomato, chile, and cantaloupe.
The objective of composting is to convert waste material into a type of ______ fertilizer.
organic
Strawberries grow best in a loamy soil that is high in
organic matter.
The portion of the pistil in which the ovules are produced and develop is the
ovary.
Celery is a member of the ______ family.
parsley
Which of the following materials is not likely to cause temporary nitrogen tie-up?
peat moss.
High daytime temperature, above 90 degrees F., will cause excessive blossom drop on
peppers.
Asparagus is a ______.
perennial crop
A complex cellular tissue that transports manufactured compounds is
phloem.
A plant's root system is responsible for all the following except
photosynthesis.
Plants tend to grow toward light sources, this is known as
phototropism.
The best way to avoid crop failure due to disease is to
plant resistant varieties.
Leggy tomato plants can be corrected, when planted in the garden by
planting deeply and horizontally.
Intercropping in vegetable gardens refers to
planting quick maturing crops between slow growers. growing a shade loving crop in between a row of tall sun loving plants. (Both A and C)
What is a common mistake of beginner gardeners?
planting seed too deeply. under and / or over watering. allowing soil to crust over. (All of the above)
In order for a graft to be successful it is essential that the
plants are botanically related.
Which vegetable should not be planted in March in New Mexico?
sweet corn
The best test for ripeness in table grapes is
sweetness and change in seed color.
The function of the stomates is to
take in CO2 and give off excess water vapor and oxygen. give of CO2 and prevent loss of water. (Both A & B)
Which of the following terms is not associated with grafting?
terminal bud
The proper depth at which to plant one -year-old grape plants is
the depth at which they grew in the nursery.
As a general rule, seedlings should be transplanted from a flat when
the first set of 'true leaves' have formed.
During the period of training of an apple tree, careful attention must be paid to
the spread of lateral branches into the horizontal position. early selection of framework branches. the use of proper pruning cuts to adjust tree growth. (All of the above: A-C)
Transpiration is increased during the day because
the stomates are open in the light. the temperature is warmer. (Both A & B)
Apples are grown in northern New Mexico because
they need a cold period before flowering.
Barton pecans have
thin shells.
In the renewal process, the tops are mowed off all plants in the strawberry planting and
thinned out.
The globe artichoke is a member of what family?
thistle
The function of the seed coat is
to keep the seed from drying out. to contain the food supply for the new plant. to protect the embryo from injury. (All of the above: A-C)
Short two-bud spurs are left on the grapevine after pruning. The purpose of these spurs is
to produce canes for new arms the following year.
When using a liquid fertilizer it is applied directly
to the foliage.
Excessive vegetation and no fruit on a tomato vine may be caused by
too much nitrogen.
Dandelion means
tooth of the lion.
Terminal buds are located on the _______ of plants.
tops
The xylem tissue in the interior of a plant
transports water and minerals upward from the root.
A potato is an example of a
tuber
In "Sunset Western Garden Book" the western United States has ______ climate zones.
twenty-four
A pecan orchard should be irrigated ________ during the growing season.
twice
The Cordon system of training grape vines requires a
two wire trellis
Trellis wires for the kniffin system of training grapes should be spaced with the
upper wire 5-7 ft. and lower wire 3-3.5 ft. from the ground
Carrots
use nothing more complicated than the soil they are grown in for storage
The proper spacing of apple trees will
vary with the variety.
Pecan flowers are normally pollinated by
wind.
French hybrid grapes make good
wine grapes
Iron deficiency results in
yellow leaves with green veins.
Little-leaf is an abnormal condition caused by a ______ deficiency.
zinc
If the soil is too acidic, it may be necessary to add ground
limestone.
Using the Cordon training system for grapes, each Spring the canes should be pruned to
1-2 buds
Which item matters the least when choosing a location for a vegetable garden?
location of storage shed.
Characteristics of a good germination media is one that is sterilized and
low in nutrient content.
The female parts of a flower are
stigma, style and ovary
The plant that is to receive a graft is called the
stock.
Preconditioning of seeds may involve
stratification. soaking in water. scarification. (Any of the above)
When training pecan trees, side branches should be spaced ______ inches apart and arranged in spirals around the trunk.
8-12
The clonal stocks of apples should be budded ______ above ground.
8-12 inches
Blossom-end rot in tomatoes is usually caused by
sudden shortages or changes of moisture in the soil.
Curly Top Virus is spread by
sugar beet leafhoppers.
The best month for leaf analysis, to determine nutrient content in pecan trees is
July
Las Cruces is in USDA plant hardiness zone
6.
Strawberries grow best at a soil pH of
6.0 to 6.5
Pecan trees begin to bear fruit in
7-10 years.
The width between rows of melons should be ____ apart.
8 ft.
About 30-40 healthy leaves are needed to supply enough sugar to produce
1 apple
How much rain does the average garden plant require per week?
1 inch
European varieties of grapes may be injured at
0 degree F
Bearing pecan orchards require
1/4 to 1/3 lb. of nitrogen per 1" of trunk diameter measured 3' above ground.
The grape leafhopper is about
1/8 inch long
After planting, Lima Beans should be ready to harvest in ____ weeks.
10
Albuquerque is in Western Garden Zone number ________.
10
The USDA plant hardiness zone map is divided into ___ zones.
10
Grapes grow throughout most of the United States except in those areas where the frost-free season is less than
100 days.
Given plenty of space and fertile soil, pecans can grow and produce
100 years.
The approximate number of days for a red delicious apple to get ripe following full bloom is
145-155
Soil sterilization requires heating the soil at
180 degrees F. for half an hour
Weeds and grass should not be allowed to grow within
2 ft. of young grapevines
When planting bare root fruit trees, the bud union must be
2 inches above the ground.
Grape vines grown in medium to heavy soils normally require
20-30 inches of water per season 51-76 centimeters of water per season. (Both A & B)
In New Mexico most varieties of pecans need ______ frost free days to produce a crop.
205-215
Young pecan trees grow
24-48" per year.
After planting, Radishes should be ready to harvest in ___ days.
25
When training young pecan trees the first permanent branch should be
3-4 ft. from the ground.
Pecan trees should be planted on a ____ spacing.
30 ft. x 30 ft.
Grape vines must be given support. The post should be set
30 to 36 inches above ground 76 to 91 centimeters above ground (Both A & C)
The old rule of thumb is to plant a seed at a depth ___ times the diameter of the seed.
4
Impervious layers of clay or caliche may cause poor drainage and salt accumulation. These layers must be at least
4 ft deep (1.2 meters)
Pecans should be dried to a moisture level of _______ percent before storage.
4-5
Most commercial apple orchards should be replaced at least once by the time they are ____ years of age.
40
Spur type apple trees are usually _____ smaller in height and width than standard trees.
40 %
Pecans stored at ______ will maintain quality
40 degrees F
To harden transplants take them outside during the day for ___ days increasing the time spent outdoors each day
5
Planting pecans at elevations above _____ is not recommended.
5,000 ft.
Before planting cucumber seeds, a fertilizer analysis of ______ should be mixed with generous amounts of organic matter, at a rate of 2 lbs. per 50 ft. of row.
5-10-10
Which of the fertilizer analysis below is higher than the others in phosphorous?
5-10-5
How many pounds of Nitrogen per acre are needed for most vineyards in New Mexico?
50
Tomatoes need at least _____ hours of direct sunlight.
6
Dwarf apple trees are ______ feet tall.
6-8
_______ determines the fertility of the soil.
A soil test
_______ acid causes leaf drop in deciduous trees.
Abscisic
Concord, Fredonia, and Golden Muscat are all cultivars of ________ type grapes.
American
_______ is known as a Pome fruit.
Apple
Pecan varieties most susceptible to damage by the black pecan aphid are
Burkett - Schley
The first improved cultivars of American grapes were
Catawba, Concord, Isabelle
Which is not a type of lettuce?
Chinese lettuce
Which perennial is the oldest member of the cabbage family?
Collards
________ are needed for good tuber formation in potatoes.
Cool days and nights
Which of the following are diseases of pecans?
Cotton root rot, Scab, Liver spot, Downy spot
Rincon variety of pecan trees are a cross between
Delmas and Onliwon.
Thompson Seedless, White Riesling, Zinfandel, and Ruby Cabernet are all cultivars of _______ of type grapes.
European
Baco noir, Cascade, Siebel, and Rosette are all cultivars of _________ type grapes.
French hybrid
Which of the following is the most common pest of grape vines in New Mexico?
Grape leafhopper
Three pecan varieties released by NMSU are
Harper, Rincon, Mesilla.
Which of the following legumes are suitable for a cover crop in pecan orchards for winter and fall?
Hubam clover - sour clover
The Ground Cherry is also called a
Husk tomato. Poha berry. Strawberry tomato. (All of the above)
Nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied to pecan trees after
June.
_____ variety of pecan is recommended for a lawn or landscape tree.
Mesilla
The earliest vinifera grape grown in New Mexico by Spanish settlers is
Mission
What three major elements are found in most commercial fertilizers?
N, P, K
Which of the following statements is not true?
Nitrogen causes a plant to yellow.
The following are classified as major elements:
Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium
______ of the life of apple trees is required to bring them into full production.
One-third
Which of the following elements is used to increase the flowering of a plant?
Phosphorous
Biennial bearing in pecan trees means
Seasons of low production are followed by excess yields of poor quality nuts.
European grapes are best suited to the
Southern part of New Mexico
Protandrous means
Staminate flowers shed pollen before pistillate flowers are receptive
Cotton root rot is also known as
Texas root rot.
What is the first prerequisite of a site for an apple orchard?
The elevation, so that cold air may settle below the orchard during the cold nights of spring
Pollen is produced in a structure called
an anther.
American hybrid grapes are a cross between
V. lambrusca and V. vinifera
French hybrid grapes are a cross between
V. repestris and V. vinifera V. linecumii and V. vinifera (Both B & C)
American species of grapes are
Vitis lambrusca Vitis rotundifolia (Both B & C)
European varieties of grapes are
Vitis vinifera
The head system of training grape vines is designed primarily for
Vitis vinifera
The best varieties of pecan for an area with a short growing season are
Western - San Saba
Which pecan variety is most resistant to zinc deficiency?
Western Schley
The most widely planted variety of pecan in New Mexico is
Western Schley.
The pecan variety "Wichita" is a good pollinator for
Western Schley.
"Rosette" is a term associated with
Zinc deficiency.
Pecan trees are sensitive to deficiencies of minor nutrients. These are
Zn, Fe, Mn
Cabbage is
a biennial.
Potatoes are
a cool season plant.
a 'green manure' is
a cover crop grown to plow under and add organic matter.
The edible portion of a potato plant is
a modified stem. a tuber. (Both B & C)
Indoleacetic acid is
a natural occurring hormone.
A typical seed contains all of the following except
a sori.
Vinifera grapes have skins that
adhere to the pulp
Weeds growing in strawberry beds can best be controlled by
cultivation.
The most economical way to apply zinc to grapes is
daub pruning cuts with a brush dipped in zinc sulfate solution.
The photosynthesis process is increased if the leaves
develop a dark green color.
Feathery growth in the interior of a pecan tree should not be removed. These shoots will
develop fruiting buds.
If the petals of a particular plant occur in multiples of five. the plant is probably a
dicot.
A time during which no growth occurs because of unfavorable conditions is known as
dormancy.
The Colorado potato beetle will feed on
eggplant.
In the four-cane system of training grapes, each of the four arms has _____ buds left on it after pruning.
eight to ten
Strawberries prefer soil that is
fertile and slightly acidic.
The edible portion of the globe artichoke is the
flower.
Wichita pecan trees tend to
form narrow branches.
Pecan seedlings brought to New Mexico from another state must bear a NM state department of Agriculture inspection certificate acclaiming the plants are
free from disease. free from insects. (Both B & C)
Grapevines are pruned to remove most of the canes each year because
fruit is produced on current year's wood. heavy pruning is necessary to produce quality fruit. heavy pruning is necessary to produce high fruit yields. (All of the above)
Powdery Mildew is caused by
fungus.
The best type of planting for the prevention of chili wilt is
furrow-ridge.
The viability of a group of seeds is measured by
germination percent.
The material that will decompose quickest in a compost pile is
grass clippings.
Which of the following insects sometimes attack grapes?
grasshopper, june beetle, flea hopper, western rose chafer
Which is an inorganic mulch?
gravel
Extremely fertile soils produce grape vines that
grow excessively and mature crops late
To lower soil pH and raise soil acidity
gypsum or sulfur is added to the soil
The best method for getting a plant ready to plant outdoors is to
harden it off.
Grapes are generally propagated commercially by
hardwood cuttings.
Zinc deficiency causes grape plants to
have yellow leaves with lighter veins have small leaves at the end of canes. (Both B & C)
The three main types of training systems used for grapes in New Mexico are
head, cordon, cane
Eggplant has a
high temperature requirement.
A planting site that is ________ the surrounding area helps reduce frost danger to grapes.
higher than
To slow down splitting in cabbage
hold off on watering and partially root prune when heads are formed.
When growing cantaloupes
hold off on watering when the fruit is ripening.
"Fuzzy kernel" is a condition related to _______ in pecan nuts.
immaturity
Asparagus is mainly harvested
in the spring.
The central leader type training, of any tree, is one
in which the center trunk is maintained.
Some plants lack petals and sepals on their flowers. They are referred to as
incomplete flowers.
Transpiration is _____ as air movement around a leaf increases.
increased
If a plant's flower is very colorful and produces nectar, it is probably pollinated by
insects.
Mulches may be used to
insulate the soil. control weeds. conserve moisture. (All of the above)
A major advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is that it
introduces new genetic variation.
Chlorosis is an abnormal condition that may be caused by a __________ deficiency.
iron
The best branch angle for strong limbs in apple trees
is 45 degrees.
The aborting of young fruits on squash vines
is a self-pruning process.
American grapes are used most for
juice, jelly concentrate
When growing cucumbers, it is important to
keep all fruit picked up from vines as they reach usable size.
Tough, stringy beets are caused by
lack of moisture. competition for space. (Both A & B)
Burkett variety of pecan have _______ and are not adapted to commercial shelling
large round nuts
Which type of vegetable crop uses large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer?
leaf
Symptoms of Black Rot in grape vines are
leaf develops reddish-brown spots immature berries develop brown spots. (Both A & B)
Applications of Zinc on pecan trees improve
leaf size and internode length.
The major limiting factor in pecan production in New Mexico is
length of growing system.
what are the most noticeable symptoms of the Tobacco-Mosaic Virus in tomatoes?
light and dark areas on young leaves
The black margined aphid is
light green
The science and practice of growing and harvesting tree fruits, small fruits, and tree nuts is
pomology.
Plant roots tend to grow toward gravity, this is known as
positive geotropism.
Mulching of strawberry plantings with straw of other material is used in western regions of the United States to
prevent winter freezing and thawing and to control weeds.
When pruning, a heading cut
promotes the growth of lateral buds.
The first part of the plant to emerge from the seed is
radicle.
Which of the following are short season crops that may be planted in the spring and again in the fall, in Southern New Mexico?
radish, cabbage and carrot.
Two short-season crops that may be used in successive plantings are
radishes and lettuce.
A characteristic of taproots is they
reach deep into the soil.
Long-day crops
require 12 hours or more of light per day.
Pears
require a longer chilling period than apples. are often susceptible to fire blight. are restricted in production to the western states. (All of the above: A-C)
Ethylene gas causes fruit to
ripen early. change colors. (Both A & B)
The three particles of soil are
sand, clay, and silt.
Grapes grow best in
sandy and sandy loam soils
A ripened ovule is called the
seed.
An apple grown on M26 rootstock will be
semi-dwarf.
Grape vineyards require
shallow cultivation.
One way of getting tomatoes a week or two earlier is by
single stem pruning.
The length of day or photoperiod influences the growth habit of
spinach.