Horticulture Produce CDEs Test Bank

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Minor elements needed for pecan production in New Mexico are

Fe, Zn, Mn

_______ make better use of hot bed, greenhouse, or coldframe space.

Flats

Which is the most important deciduous fruit crop for the United States?

apple

The coddling moth most often attacks

apples

Cut worms attack young plants

at the soil level.

Some hazards of growing vegetables are

birds. insects. weeds. (All of the above)

Which of the following insects has caused statewide damage to pecans in New Mexico?

black pecanaphid

Trunks of young pecan trees are subject to sunscald, they may be protected by wrapping them with

burlap, paper, aluminum foil.

Injury on grapes from late spring frosts may be reduced

by delaying pruning in the spring.

Active absorption is when water moves into the plant

by the process of transpiration. by internal pressure. (Both B & C)

The principle tissue of a plant that makes grafting possible is

cambium.

The kniffin system of training grape vines is a type of

cane system

The amount of water held against the force of gravity, which is available for plant

capillary water.

The male flowers of a pecan are called

catkins

The framework of a pecan tree refers to the

central leader and lateral branches.

Pecan trees are trained to the

central leader.

The green pigment in plants is named

chlorophyll.

The smallest mineral component in soil is

clay.

A ________ zone is an area in which a common set of temperature ranges, humidity patterns, and other geographic and seasonal characteristics allow certain plants to succeed and cause others to fail to grow.

climate

To control damping off one must

control environmental conditions.

English peas are a

cool season crop.

Aphid infestations are controlled with

malathion. diazinon. sevin. (All of the above)

Monocious means

male and female flowers are on the same plant but different flowers.

Apple quality is largely determined by how _____ the fruit is when harvested.

mature

Removing suckers on corn

may reduce yield.

A tuber is an example of a

modified stem.

No matter how much or how little pruning one does on an established plant, the objective is to _____ the plant's growth.

modify

Tensiometers are used to determine the

moisture in the soil.

The label in a flat of seeds should include

name of plant. the date seeded. variety of plant. (All of the above)

Root Knot is a problem on grape vines caused by

nematodes

Which nutrient is most commonly needed for growing grapes in New Mexico?

nitrogen

Soybeans need inoculation with

nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Chlorosis is caused by

nitrogen. iron. zinc. (All of the above)

The place on the stem where leaves and buds are attached is the

node.

In the hill system of planting strawberries, runners are

not allowed to root and grow.

When bare-root apple trees are being handled in the winter the exposed roots may be killed by temperatures

of 20 to 24 degrees F.

The science and practice of growing vegetable crops is

olericulture.

Young pecan orchards may be interplanted with annual crops such as

onion, tomato, chile, and cantaloupe.

The objective of composting is to convert waste material into a type of ______ fertilizer.

organic

Strawberries grow best in a loamy soil that is high in

organic matter.

The portion of the pistil in which the ovules are produced and develop is the

ovary.

Celery is a member of the ______ family.

parsley

Which of the following materials is not likely to cause temporary nitrogen tie-up?

peat moss.

High daytime temperature, above 90 degrees F., will cause excessive blossom drop on

peppers.

Asparagus is a ______.

perennial crop

A complex cellular tissue that transports manufactured compounds is

phloem.

A plant's root system is responsible for all the following except

photosynthesis.

Plants tend to grow toward light sources, this is known as

phototropism.

The best way to avoid crop failure due to disease is to

plant resistant varieties.

Leggy tomato plants can be corrected, when planted in the garden by

planting deeply and horizontally.

Intercropping in vegetable gardens refers to

planting quick maturing crops between slow growers. growing a shade loving crop in between a row of tall sun loving plants. (Both A and C)

What is a common mistake of beginner gardeners?

planting seed too deeply. under and / or over watering. allowing soil to crust over. (All of the above)

In order for a graft to be successful it is essential that the

plants are botanically related.

Which vegetable should not be planted in March in New Mexico?

sweet corn

The best test for ripeness in table grapes is

sweetness and change in seed color.

The function of the stomates is to

take in CO2 and give off excess water vapor and oxygen. give of CO2 and prevent loss of water. (Both A & B)

Which of the following terms is not associated with grafting?

terminal bud

The proper depth at which to plant one -year-old grape plants is

the depth at which they grew in the nursery.

As a general rule, seedlings should be transplanted from a flat when

the first set of 'true leaves' have formed.

During the period of training of an apple tree, careful attention must be paid to

the spread of lateral branches into the horizontal position. early selection of framework branches. the use of proper pruning cuts to adjust tree growth. (All of the above: A-C)

Transpiration is increased during the day because

the stomates are open in the light. the temperature is warmer. (Both A & B)

Apples are grown in northern New Mexico because

they need a cold period before flowering.

Barton pecans have

thin shells.

In the renewal process, the tops are mowed off all plants in the strawberry planting and

thinned out.

The globe artichoke is a member of what family?

thistle

The function of the seed coat is

to keep the seed from drying out. to contain the food supply for the new plant. to protect the embryo from injury. (All of the above: A-C)

Short two-bud spurs are left on the grapevine after pruning. The purpose of these spurs is

to produce canes for new arms the following year.

When using a liquid fertilizer it is applied directly

to the foliage.

Excessive vegetation and no fruit on a tomato vine may be caused by

too much nitrogen.

Dandelion means

tooth of the lion.

Terminal buds are located on the _______ of plants.

tops

The xylem tissue in the interior of a plant

transports water and minerals upward from the root.

A potato is an example of a

tuber

In "Sunset Western Garden Book" the western United States has ______ climate zones.

twenty-four

A pecan orchard should be irrigated ________ during the growing season.

twice

The Cordon system of training grape vines requires a

two wire trellis

Trellis wires for the kniffin system of training grapes should be spaced with the

upper wire 5-7 ft. and lower wire 3-3.5 ft. from the ground

Carrots

use nothing more complicated than the soil they are grown in for storage

The proper spacing of apple trees will

vary with the variety.

Pecan flowers are normally pollinated by

wind.

French hybrid grapes make good

wine grapes

Iron deficiency results in

yellow leaves with green veins.

Little-leaf is an abnormal condition caused by a ______ deficiency.

zinc

If the soil is too acidic, it may be necessary to add ground

limestone.

Using the Cordon training system for grapes, each Spring the canes should be pruned to

1-2 buds

Which item matters the least when choosing a location for a vegetable garden?

location of storage shed.

Characteristics of a good germination media is one that is sterilized and

low in nutrient content.

The female parts of a flower are

stigma, style and ovary

The plant that is to receive a graft is called the

stock.

Preconditioning of seeds may involve

stratification. soaking in water. scarification. (Any of the above)

When training pecan trees, side branches should be spaced ______ inches apart and arranged in spirals around the trunk.

8-12

The clonal stocks of apples should be budded ______ above ground.

8-12 inches

Blossom-end rot in tomatoes is usually caused by

sudden shortages or changes of moisture in the soil.

Curly Top Virus is spread by

sugar beet leafhoppers.

The best month for leaf analysis, to determine nutrient content in pecan trees is

July

Las Cruces is in USDA plant hardiness zone

6.

Strawberries grow best at a soil pH of

6.0 to 6.5

Pecan trees begin to bear fruit in

7-10 years.

The width between rows of melons should be ____ apart.

8 ft.

About 30-40 healthy leaves are needed to supply enough sugar to produce

1 apple

How much rain does the average garden plant require per week?

1 inch

European varieties of grapes may be injured at

0 degree F

Bearing pecan orchards require

1/4 to 1/3 lb. of nitrogen per 1" of trunk diameter measured 3' above ground.

The grape leafhopper is about

1/8 inch long

After planting, Lima Beans should be ready to harvest in ____ weeks.

10

Albuquerque is in Western Garden Zone number ________.

10

The USDA plant hardiness zone map is divided into ___ zones.

10

Grapes grow throughout most of the United States except in those areas where the frost-free season is less than

100 days.

Given plenty of space and fertile soil, pecans can grow and produce

100 years.

The approximate number of days for a red delicious apple to get ripe following full bloom is

145-155

Soil sterilization requires heating the soil at

180 degrees F. for half an hour

Weeds and grass should not be allowed to grow within

2 ft. of young grapevines

When planting bare root fruit trees, the bud union must be

2 inches above the ground.

Grape vines grown in medium to heavy soils normally require

20-30 inches of water per season 51-76 centimeters of water per season. (Both A & B)

In New Mexico most varieties of pecans need ______ frost free days to produce a crop.

205-215

Young pecan trees grow

24-48" per year.

After planting, Radishes should be ready to harvest in ___ days.

25

When training young pecan trees the first permanent branch should be

3-4 ft. from the ground.

Pecan trees should be planted on a ____ spacing.

30 ft. x 30 ft.

Grape vines must be given support. The post should be set

30 to 36 inches above ground 76 to 91 centimeters above ground (Both A & C)

The old rule of thumb is to plant a seed at a depth ___ times the diameter of the seed.

4

Impervious layers of clay or caliche may cause poor drainage and salt accumulation. These layers must be at least

4 ft deep (1.2 meters)

Pecans should be dried to a moisture level of _______ percent before storage.

4-5

Most commercial apple orchards should be replaced at least once by the time they are ____ years of age.

40

Spur type apple trees are usually _____ smaller in height and width than standard trees.

40 %

Pecans stored at ______ will maintain quality

40 degrees F

To harden transplants take them outside during the day for ___ days increasing the time spent outdoors each day

5

Planting pecans at elevations above _____ is not recommended.

5,000 ft.

Before planting cucumber seeds, a fertilizer analysis of ______ should be mixed with generous amounts of organic matter, at a rate of 2 lbs. per 50 ft. of row.

5-10-10

Which of the fertilizer analysis below is higher than the others in phosphorous?

5-10-5

How many pounds of Nitrogen per acre are needed for most vineyards in New Mexico?

50

Tomatoes need at least _____ hours of direct sunlight.

6

Dwarf apple trees are ______ feet tall.

6-8

_______ determines the fertility of the soil.

A soil test

_______ acid causes leaf drop in deciduous trees.

Abscisic

Concord, Fredonia, and Golden Muscat are all cultivars of ________ type grapes.

American

_______ is known as a Pome fruit.

Apple

Pecan varieties most susceptible to damage by the black pecan aphid are

Burkett - Schley

The first improved cultivars of American grapes were

Catawba, Concord, Isabelle

Which is not a type of lettuce?

Chinese lettuce

Which perennial is the oldest member of the cabbage family?

Collards

________ are needed for good tuber formation in potatoes.

Cool days and nights

Which of the following are diseases of pecans?

Cotton root rot, Scab, Liver spot, Downy spot

Rincon variety of pecan trees are a cross between

Delmas and Onliwon.

Thompson Seedless, White Riesling, Zinfandel, and Ruby Cabernet are all cultivars of _______ of type grapes.

European

Baco noir, Cascade, Siebel, and Rosette are all cultivars of _________ type grapes.

French hybrid

Which of the following is the most common pest of grape vines in New Mexico?

Grape leafhopper

Three pecan varieties released by NMSU are

Harper, Rincon, Mesilla.

Which of the following legumes are suitable for a cover crop in pecan orchards for winter and fall?

Hubam clover - sour clover

The Ground Cherry is also called a

Husk tomato. Poha berry. Strawberry tomato. (All of the above)

Nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied to pecan trees after

June.

_____ variety of pecan is recommended for a lawn or landscape tree.

Mesilla

The earliest vinifera grape grown in New Mexico by Spanish settlers is

Mission

What three major elements are found in most commercial fertilizers?

N, P, K

Which of the following statements is not true?

Nitrogen causes a plant to yellow.

The following are classified as major elements:

Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium

______ of the life of apple trees is required to bring them into full production.

One-third

Which of the following elements is used to increase the flowering of a plant?

Phosphorous

Biennial bearing in pecan trees means

Seasons of low production are followed by excess yields of poor quality nuts.

European grapes are best suited to the

Southern part of New Mexico

Protandrous means

Staminate flowers shed pollen before pistillate flowers are receptive

Cotton root rot is also known as

Texas root rot.

What is the first prerequisite of a site for an apple orchard?

The elevation, so that cold air may settle below the orchard during the cold nights of spring

Pollen is produced in a structure called

an anther.

American hybrid grapes are a cross between

V. lambrusca and V. vinifera

French hybrid grapes are a cross between

V. repestris and V. vinifera V. linecumii and V. vinifera (Both B & C)

American species of grapes are

Vitis lambrusca Vitis rotundifolia (Both B & C)

European varieties of grapes are

Vitis vinifera

The head system of training grape vines is designed primarily for

Vitis vinifera

The best varieties of pecan for an area with a short growing season are

Western - San Saba

Which pecan variety is most resistant to zinc deficiency?

Western Schley

The most widely planted variety of pecan in New Mexico is

Western Schley.

The pecan variety "Wichita" is a good pollinator for

Western Schley.

"Rosette" is a term associated with

Zinc deficiency.

Pecan trees are sensitive to deficiencies of minor nutrients. These are

Zn, Fe, Mn

Cabbage is

a biennial.

Potatoes are

a cool season plant.

a 'green manure' is

a cover crop grown to plow under and add organic matter.

The edible portion of a potato plant is

a modified stem. a tuber. (Both B & C)

Indoleacetic acid is

a natural occurring hormone.

A typical seed contains all of the following except

a sori.

Vinifera grapes have skins that

adhere to the pulp

Weeds growing in strawberry beds can best be controlled by

cultivation.

The most economical way to apply zinc to grapes is

daub pruning cuts with a brush dipped in zinc sulfate solution.

The photosynthesis process is increased if the leaves

develop a dark green color.

Feathery growth in the interior of a pecan tree should not be removed. These shoots will

develop fruiting buds.

If the petals of a particular plant occur in multiples of five. the plant is probably a

dicot.

A time during which no growth occurs because of unfavorable conditions is known as

dormancy.

The Colorado potato beetle will feed on

eggplant.

In the four-cane system of training grapes, each of the four arms has _____ buds left on it after pruning.

eight to ten

Strawberries prefer soil that is

fertile and slightly acidic.

The edible portion of the globe artichoke is the

flower.

Wichita pecan trees tend to

form narrow branches.

Pecan seedlings brought to New Mexico from another state must bear a NM state department of Agriculture inspection certificate acclaiming the plants are

free from disease. free from insects. (Both B & C)

Grapevines are pruned to remove most of the canes each year because

fruit is produced on current year's wood. heavy pruning is necessary to produce quality fruit. heavy pruning is necessary to produce high fruit yields. (All of the above)

Powdery Mildew is caused by

fungus.

The best type of planting for the prevention of chili wilt is

furrow-ridge.

The viability of a group of seeds is measured by

germination percent.

The material that will decompose quickest in a compost pile is

grass clippings.

Which of the following insects sometimes attack grapes?

grasshopper, june beetle, flea hopper, western rose chafer

Which is an inorganic mulch?

gravel

Extremely fertile soils produce grape vines that

grow excessively and mature crops late

To lower soil pH and raise soil acidity

gypsum or sulfur is added to the soil

The best method for getting a plant ready to plant outdoors is to

harden it off.

Grapes are generally propagated commercially by

hardwood cuttings.

Zinc deficiency causes grape plants to

have yellow leaves with lighter veins have small leaves at the end of canes. (Both B & C)

The three main types of training systems used for grapes in New Mexico are

head, cordon, cane

Eggplant has a

high temperature requirement.

A planting site that is ________ the surrounding area helps reduce frost danger to grapes.

higher than

To slow down splitting in cabbage

hold off on watering and partially root prune when heads are formed.

When growing cantaloupes

hold off on watering when the fruit is ripening.

"Fuzzy kernel" is a condition related to _______ in pecan nuts.

immaturity

Asparagus is mainly harvested

in the spring.

The central leader type training, of any tree, is one

in which the center trunk is maintained.

Some plants lack petals and sepals on their flowers. They are referred to as

incomplete flowers.

Transpiration is _____ as air movement around a leaf increases.

increased

If a plant's flower is very colorful and produces nectar, it is probably pollinated by

insects.

Mulches may be used to

insulate the soil. control weeds. conserve moisture. (All of the above)

A major advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is that it

introduces new genetic variation.

Chlorosis is an abnormal condition that may be caused by a __________ deficiency.

iron

The best branch angle for strong limbs in apple trees

is 45 degrees.

The aborting of young fruits on squash vines

is a self-pruning process.

American grapes are used most for

juice, jelly concentrate

When growing cucumbers, it is important to

keep all fruit picked up from vines as they reach usable size.

Tough, stringy beets are caused by

lack of moisture. competition for space. (Both A & B)

Burkett variety of pecan have _______ and are not adapted to commercial shelling

large round nuts

Which type of vegetable crop uses large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer?

leaf

Symptoms of Black Rot in grape vines are

leaf develops reddish-brown spots immature berries develop brown spots. (Both A & B)

Applications of Zinc on pecan trees improve

leaf size and internode length.

The major limiting factor in pecan production in New Mexico is

length of growing system.

what are the most noticeable symptoms of the Tobacco-Mosaic Virus in tomatoes?

light and dark areas on young leaves

The black margined aphid is

light green

The science and practice of growing and harvesting tree fruits, small fruits, and tree nuts is

pomology.

Plant roots tend to grow toward gravity, this is known as

positive geotropism.

Mulching of strawberry plantings with straw of other material is used in western regions of the United States to

prevent winter freezing and thawing and to control weeds.

When pruning, a heading cut

promotes the growth of lateral buds.

The first part of the plant to emerge from the seed is

radicle.

Which of the following are short season crops that may be planted in the spring and again in the fall, in Southern New Mexico?

radish, cabbage and carrot.

Two short-season crops that may be used in successive plantings are

radishes and lettuce.

A characteristic of taproots is they

reach deep into the soil.

Long-day crops

require 12 hours or more of light per day.

Pears

require a longer chilling period than apples. are often susceptible to fire blight. are restricted in production to the western states. (All of the above: A-C)

Ethylene gas causes fruit to

ripen early. change colors. (Both A & B)

The three particles of soil are

sand, clay, and silt.

Grapes grow best in

sandy and sandy loam soils

A ripened ovule is called the

seed.

An apple grown on M26 rootstock will be

semi-dwarf.

Grape vineyards require

shallow cultivation.

One way of getting tomatoes a week or two earlier is by

single stem pruning.

The length of day or photoperiod influences the growth habit of

spinach.


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