Ch. 12 Exam 3 Anatomy
What is a retinaculum?
A thickened fibrous band of fascia
The principal elbow flexors located on the anterior side of the humerus are the
Bicepts brachii, Brachialis, and Brachioradialis
What muscle is known as the "swimmer's muscle"?
Latissimus dorsi
There are three anterior thoracic muscles. What is the exception?
Levator scapulae
The longest muscle of the body is the
Sartorius
On spring break you travel to Malibu, California. While there, you visit the famous Malibu beach to observe the parade of body builders. They each show off their massive muscles with the standard "pump you up" arm flexion. What muscle would be least involved with this action?
Supraspinatus
What muscle pulls the pinky finger away from the other fingers?
abductor digiti minimi
What muscle does not originate on the ischial tuberosity?
adductor longus
If you had all of your fingers (including the thumb) spread out wide (full abduction), what muscle or group would bring your thumb toward your first finger?
adductor pollicis
Crural muscles are those that move the
ankle, foot, and toes
Muscles of the pectoral girdle originate on the
axial skeleton and insert on the clavicle and scapula
Besides the supinator, what other muscle is a powerful supinator of the forearm?
biceps brachii
Of the muscles listed, the only one that inserts on the head of the fibula is the
biceps femoris
The quadriceps femoris has four heads. What is the exception?
biceps femoris
The condition known as "tennis elbow" is caused by trauma or overuse of the
common extensor tendon of the posterior forearm muscles
During an automobile accident, a friend of yours suffers a fractured femur. As a result, the muscles of the thigh begin to swell, compressing blood vessels and nerves within the quadriceps fascia. If the blood supply is not restored within a few hours his nerves and muscles could atrophy—a dangerous situation. What condition is he experiencing?
compartment syndrome
The intrinsic foot muscles form a ___________________ group and a __________________ group.
dorsal; plantar
Three tendons form the border for the "anatomic snuffbox". What is the exception?
extensor digiti minimi tendon
A muscle not innervated by a plantar nerve is the
extensor digitorum brevis
What muscle inserts on a tendon that extends toes 2-5?
extensor digitorum longus
The muscle that extends the great toe is the
extensor hallucis longus
All of the muscles listed, except one, are innervated by the tibial nerve. What is the exception?
fibularis longus
When a child raises her hand to show you she is five years old, she is using all of the following muscles except the
flexor digitorum
The muscle or group that does not originate from a metatarsal is the
flexor hallucis brevis
To form your hand into a fist you would use all of the muscles listed, except the
flexor hallucis longus
All of the anterior muscles of the forearm, except one, have their origin on the medial epicondyle of the humerus via a common flexor tendon. What is the exception?
flexor pollicis longus
All of the muscles listed, except one, have their origin on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. What is the exception?
flexor pollicis longus
All of the muscles listed, except one, are innervated by the deep fibular nerve. What is the exception?
gastrocnemius
The muscle that makes up the calf of the leg is the
gastrocnemius
These two muscles are known as the triceps surae and together are the most powerful plantar flexors of all of the leg muscles.
gastrocnemius and soleus
What two muscles insert on the calcaneal tendon?
gastrocnemius and soleus
Of the muscles listed, the one not inserting on the quadriceps tendon is the
gluteus maximas
One of the largest muscles in the body and the one most responsible for extending and laterally rotating the thigh is the
gluteus maximus
There are three gluteal muscles. Select the one that is correctly matched with its primary action.
gluteus medius: adducts the thigh
Of these muscles, the one not involved in extending the leg is the
gracilis
Deviation of the tip of the great toe to the medial side of the foot away from the second toe is a(n)
hallux valgus
The ___________________ muscles of the foot both originate and insert within the foot.
intrinsic
Of the muscles that move the glenohumeral joint, two originate on the axial skeleton. What ones?
latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major
The _________________ is a narrow, elongated muscle that is deep to both the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles. It originates from multiple heads on the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae and inserts on the superior angle of the scapula.
levator scapulae
The muscle or group not originating from the calcaneus is the
lumbricals
Most muscles that move the thigh originate on the
os coxae
If you had all of your fingers (including the thumb) spread out wide (full abduction), what muscle or group would bring fingers 2-5 together?
palmar interossei
What muscle of the forearm is absent in approximately 10 percent of individuals?
palmaris longus
All of these muscles, except one, have their origin on the scapula. What is the exception?
pectoralis major
This thick sheet of fascia extends between the phalanges of the toes and the calcaneus, and also encloses the plantar muscles of the foot.
plantar aponeurosis
Your grandmother complains of pain on the underside of her foot near the heel. Consequently she has been forced to stop her daily 6 mile run. What condition is most likely causing her pain?
plantar fasciitis
The muscle or group responsible for adduction of the toes is the
plantar interossei
What muscle "unlocks" the fully extended knee joint?
popliteus
What muscle does not insert on any toe, including the big toe?
popliteus
The function of a retinaculum is to
prevent tendons from bulging outward
All of these muscles, except one, is innervated by the radial nerve. What is the exception? (it is innervated, instead, by the median nerve).
pronator teres
The most powerful muscle in the body is the
quadriceps femoris
With three seconds left on the clock, Mia breaks free and scores the winning goal. Of the muscles listed, select the one with the primary action in extending the leg for kicking.
quadriceps femoris
What is not one of the hamstring muscles?
rectus femoris
The __________________ is a large, saw-toothed, flat, fan-shaped muscle positioned between the ribs and the scapula.
serratus anterior
If you were to remove the gastrocnemius muscle you would expose the
soleus
There are four posterior thoracic muscles. What is the exception?.
subclavius
The pronator teres and pronator quadratus cause pronation of the forearm. What muscle opposes this movement?
supinator
All of these muscles, except one, adduct the arm. What is the exception?.
supraspinatus
What muscle is the one most commonly damaged in a rotator cuff injury?
supraspinatus
What muscle does not adduct the thigh?
tensor fasciae latae
Four muscles are referred to as rotator cuff muscles. What is the exception?
teres major
What group of muscles forms a thick, fleshy mass at the base of the thumb?
thenar group
Muscles that move the knee joint are collectively referred to as ___________________ muscles.
thigh
Of the muscles listed, the one not involved in flexing the leg is the
tibialis anterior
The primary dorsiflexor of the foot at the ankle is the
tibialis anterior
What muscle is not involved in plantar flexing the foot?
tibialis anterior
A muscle that does not evert the foot is the
tibialis posterior
The _________________ is a large, flat, diamond-shaped muscle that extends from the skull and vertebral column to the pectoral girdle laterally. It depresses, retracts, or rotates the scapula.
trapezius
All of the muscles that move the glenohumeral joint insert somewhere on the humerus, except one. What one?
triceps brachii
The prime extensor of the elbow joint is the
triceps brachii
Where would you find the extensor retinaculum?
wrist and ankle