Ch 13. Describe the 3 assumptions of the kinetic theory, as it applies to gases
Define evaporation in terms of kinetic energy
As evaporation occurs the particles with the highest kinetic energy at the surface tend to escape first.
Identify the conditions at which boiling occurs
When the temperature is high enough for the molecules to have enough kinetic energy to vaporize
Describe the 3 assumptions of the kinetic theory, as it applies to gases
1. Gas particles are small hard spheres with insignificant volume 2. Motion is rapid, constant, and random 3. All collisions between gas particles are elastic
Interpret phase diagrams
A Phase diagram is separated by two lines and three sections. The left section is the solid phase. The middle section is the vapor phase. The right section is the liquid phase. Where the first line reaches 101.3 kPa is the melting point. Where the second line reaches 101.3 kPa is the boiling point. Where both lines intersect is the triple point, where the substance can be in equilibrium at whatever state.
Define the relationship between Kelvin temperature and average kinetic energy
Absolute zero (0 Kelvin or -273 Celsius) is when particle movement theoretically ceases Kelvin temperature of a substance is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles of the substance
Identify the factors that determine the shape of a crystal
The arrangement of particles inside. The smallest structural shape is the unit cell. The crystal lattice is made up of unit cells in an orderly, repeating, and 3D pattern. Pg. 432
Identify factors that determine physical properties of a liquid
The interplay between the disruptive motions of particles in a liquid and the attractions among the particles
Explain how allotropes of an element are different
The structures of each allotrope is different, changing the properties of the element
Describe sublimation
When solids change to a vapor without becoming liquids. Occurs in solids with vapor pressures that exceed atmospheric pressure at or near room temperature.
