CH. 13 Intro to Communication - Final

Vocal elements of effective delivery

- *Rate* is the speed at which you speak, and you should remember that it is possible to speak too fast and you should adapt your speaking rate to the audience. - *Volume* is the loudness or softness of your voice, and the appropriate volume depends on the size of the audience, the size of the room, and whether or not you are using a microphone. - *Vocal pitch* is a measure of how high or deep your voice sounds, and should be varied while speaking. - Articulation is the extent to which you speak your words clearly. - *Fluency* refers to the smoothness of your delivery, and is a challenge when people are prone to *stuttering*, a speech disorder that disrupts the flow of words with repeated or prolonged sounds and involuntary pauses.

Speakers can learn to make stage fright an advantage

- Accept stage fight as a normal response. - Focus your nervous energy. - Use visualization, which is developing a mental image of yourself giving a successful performance. - Use desensitization, the process of confronting frightening situations head-on. - Stay positive

Behavioral effects of stage fright

- Stage fright can cause the voice to quiver, sound tense, or sound monotonous. - Stage fright can cause people to swallow and clear their throats frequently. - Stage fright can cause muscle tension in the face, which inhibits expression and eye contact. - Stage fright can cause people to fidget, pace, sway and shuffle their feet. - Stage fright can cause people to stammer, stutter, and excessively use filler words such as "um."

Effective Delivery

- Visual elements of effective delivery - Vocal elements of effective delivery

Visual elements of effective delivery

- When using facial expressions, remember to match the tone of your speech and vary your expression throughout the speech. - Eye contact is important, and you should try to make eye contact with every audience member. - Posture and body position include keeping your back straight, your shoulders square, and your head up, as well as facing your listeners and using natural body movements. - *Gestures* should look spontaneous, should be appropriate in number, and should be appropriate in size. - Personal appearance should be appropriate for the audience and the occasion, and includes your clothing, accessories, and grooming

Styles of delivery

- impromptu - extemporaneous speech - scripted speech - memorized speech

Psychological effects of stage fright

Anticipatory anxiety is the worry people feel when looking ahead to a speech

Physical effects of stage fright

Fight-or-flight response is a reaction that helps prepare your body either to confront the stressor or to avoid it. Stage fright might cause increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, and elevated stress hormones

An impromptu speech is

a speech that is delivered with little or no preparation

A memorized speech is

a speech that you compose word-for-word and then deliver from memory

A scripted speech is

composed word-for-word on a manuscript and then read aloud as it is written

An extemporaneous speech

is carefully prepared, but sounds as if it is delivered spontaneously - The execution of an extemporaneous speech involves constructing purpose and thesis statements, identifying main points and subpoints, choosing how to introduce and conclude your speech, creating a formal outline, and crafting a set of informal speaking notes - Advantages of extemporaneous speaking include better eye contact, a relaxed tone of voice, and the use of notes.

Stage fright

the anxiety or fear that is brought on by performing in front of an audience, is a common form of stress, or the body's reaction to any type of perceived threat - psychological effects - physical effects - behavioral effects - speakers can learn to make stage fright an advantage