ch 13: the physiology of training: effect on VO2 max, performance, and strength

A single bout of resistance exercise training increases muscle protein synthesis by as much as ______% above resting levels.

120-150

Four-to-ten weeks of anaerobic training (high intensity exercise lasting 10-30 seconds) can increase the peak anaerobic capacity by ______ across individuals.

3-25%

Following a single bout of resistance exercise training, muscle protein synthesis can remain elevated above baseline for as much as ______ in both trained and untrained individuals.

40-50 hours

The average VO2 max value for the young (e.g., 21 years old) male sedentary population is approximately

45 ml· kg-1· min-1.

High responders to endurance exercise training (i.e., individuals that achieve large increases in VO2 max) can achieve up to ______% improvement in VO2 max following a prolonged and intense training program.

50

In theory, concurrent resistance and endurance exercise training can impair muscle protein synthesis following a bout of resistance exercise. The proposed mechanism to explain this inhibition is _____________________________________.

AMP kinase activation of TSC2

Which of the following training adaptations does NOT occur in skeletal muscles following 4-10 weeks of anaerobic exercise training?

None of the below: increased muscle buffer capacity; increased activities of myokinase and creatine phosphokinase; & increased activities of key glycolytic enzymes.

Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain why concurrent endurance and resistance (strength) training impedes strength development compared to strength training alone. Which of the following mechanisms have NOT been proposed to explain why concurrent training impedes strength development?

None of the below: neural factors; overtraining; & Depressed muscle protein synthesis

A single bout of resistance exercise training results in an increase in skeletal muscle protein synthesis. This exercise-induced increase in muscle protein synthesis can occur within _____ following the exercise session.

hours

Following an acute bout of endurance exercise training, the increase in mitochondrial biogenesis occurs within _____ following the completion of the exercise session.

hours

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the endurance exercise training-induced increases in fat metabolism during exercise?

increased fat storage in the liver

Which of the following endurance training adaptations does NOT result in lower lactate production in the contracting muscles?

increased glycogen utilization

Which of the following physiological factors does NOT contribute to the endurance exercise training-induced increase in the maximal a-vO2 difference?

increased hemoglobin in the blood

Which of the following factors contributes to the endurance exercise training-induced improvement in VO2 max?

increased maximal stroke volume

Which of the following endurance training adaptations assist in maintaining acid-base balance during exercise?

increased mitochondrial volume in skeletal muscle

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the endurance exercise training-induced improvement in stroke volume during exercise?

increased peripheral resistance

The enhanced capacity of the trained muscle to use fatty acids as a fuel results in

increased uptake of fatty acids; decreased utilization of muscle glycogen; & sparing of blood glucose.

Endurance training has been shown to reduce the oxygen deficit in subjects performing a submaximal exercise. This is due to

increases in the number of mitochondria and capillaries.

After a 15-week program of endurance exercise training, which of the following cardiovascular variables does NOT decrease after 14 days of detraining?

maximal heart rate

Following an acute bout of endurance exercise training, the rise in the activity of calcinurin, calmodulin kinase, and AMP kinases occurs within _____ following the exercise session.

minutes

Endurance exercise training results in an increased turnover of mitochondria in skeletal muscle. The process of removing old and damaged mitochondria is called ______.

mitophagy

During the first 10 weeks of a resistance training program, the initial increase in muscular strength are due primarily to

neural adaptations.

It is well known that resistance exercise training promotes an increase in muscle protein synthesis by activating the mechanistic target of rapamyosin (mTOR) which results in increased protein synthesis. Recent evidence suggests that two signaling molecules interact to directly activate mTOR. These molecules are:

phosphatidic acid and Ras homologue enriched brain (Rheb)

Endurance training results in increased mitochondrial and capillary density in muscle but has no effect on muscle glycolytic capacity. This is an example of what training principle?

specificity

Cross-sectional studies demonstrate that the physiological variable responsible for the large variation in VO2 max across the normal population is maximal

stroke volume.

The increase in VO2 max that occurs following 4 months of endurance exercise training results from an increase in both maximal cardiac output and maximal a-vO2 difference. Relatively short durations of endurance exercise training (e.g., 1-4 months) increases VO2 max primarily by increasing

the maximal cardiac output.

In resting skeletal muscle fibers, Ras homologue enriched brain (Rheb) activation of mTOR is inhibited by ______.

tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2)