Ch 13 Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

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The angle of repose depends on the size and texture of the grains.

true

List three forms of physical weathering.

Frost action, salt-cyrstal growth, pressure-release joint

___ threshold is the point at which there is enough energy to overcome resistance against movements.

Geomorphic

The science that specifically studies the origin, evolution, form, and spatial distribution of landforms is

Geomorphology

Chemical weathering is greatest under conditions of

Higher mean annual rainfall and temperature.

In which climates would rock be weathered to the greatest depth?

Hot and wet

Which of the following is true of spheroidal weathering?

It attacks the corners and edges of rocks.

An example of chemical weathering is

Karst topography

Which of the following is true of joints?

Only B and C are true. Joints enable more water to move through the ground.Joints enhance the rate of weathering.

In reality, a landscape behaves as a(an ___ system.

Open

A slope is stable if its strength exceeds the weathering and erosion process.

True

The salt crystal growth is primarily found in arid environments.

True.

Other than the rock itself, the most important chemical substance needed for the majority of weathering processes is

Water

The disintegration and dissolving of surface and subsurface rock is called

Weathering

List two forms of landslides.

Translational and rotational

The dynamic equilibrium model refers to

A balancing act between tectonic uplift and rates of denundation by weathering and erosion in a given landscape.

Movement at the geomorphic threshold signals

A conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy.

A landslide differs from a debris avalanche in that

A landslide moves more slowly than a debris avalanche.

The form that a landscape exhibits results from a balance between

ALL OF THE ABOVE Forces acting on the landscape. Endogenic & exogenic processes. Input and outputs of matter and energy.

Landslides occur when

ALL OF THE ABOVE. A threshold is reached. The internal friction is overcome by the force of gravity. Driving forces exceed resisting forces.

Which of the following can lead to hillslope failure?

ALL OF THE ABOVE. Making a road cut in the side of a hill. Increasing the slope angle. Excessively watering a slope.

The rate at which rocks weather depends on

ALL OF THE ABOVE. The climate of an area. The types of rock. The amount of vegetation on an area.

After a threshold is crossed, the landscape

Adjust to a new equilibrium condition.

The steepness of a slope made of loose material is called the

Angle of repose

All processes that cause reduction and rearrangement of landforms are included in the term of

Denudation

Physical weathering dominates in warm and wet climates.

False

On which part of a slope would rocks tend to fall at the highest speed?

Free face

Exfoliation occurs because

Overlaying rock is removed, thereby allowing the underlying rock mass to expand and fracture.

When rock is broken and disintegrated without dissolving, the process in operation is

Physical weathering

Uplift of the lanscape creates ___ energy which is converted to ___ energy when materials begin to move downslope.

Potential; kinetic

In most areas, the upper surface of bedrock is partially weathered to broken-up rock called

Regolith

Human-induced mass movements produce a category of processes known as

Scarification

A slow persistent mass movement of surface soil is called

Soil creep

The pressure-release jointing is a physical weathering process that does not involve water.

TRUE


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