Ch. 14 Cognitive Psychology

Which is an example of a true independent variable? gender assigned condition age in years socioeconomic status

assigned condition

When does relevant language experience begin?

before birth

Which approach supports that reinforced imitation drives language development? sociocultural evolutionary behavioral humanistic

behavioral

A young adult is more likely to perform ______ in comparison to an older adult.

better in recall and as well in recognition

Habituation describes the process of ______.

decreased interest in a stimulus

The experience of a fun weekend trip is an example of a(n) ______ memory.

episodic

When compared to adult-directed speech, child-directed speech has ______.

exaggeration of prosodic structure

true or false: Habituation relates to an increase in attention as a stimulus is presented more and more.

false

true or false: Working memory does not begin development until early adolescence.

false

A child is most likely to use conditional logic when the story ______.

focuses on obligations

Infantile amnesia affects the experiences that occur until the approximate age of ______.

four

The contributions of ______ support the nature arguments for language development.

genetics

Which area of the brain is most closely associated with episodic memories? occipital lobe hippocampus corpus callosum brainstem

hippocampus

Which type of task can provide insight into a child's approach to formal syllogisms? realistic congruent illusory concrete

illusory

Which is the earliest form of memory to develop? procedural implicit explicit episodic

implicit

What was the main takeaway of the Polka et al. research? Infants are unable to detect differences in sounds. Infants give more attention to unfamiliar stimuli. Infants are unable to detect differences in imagery. Infants give more attention to familiar stimuli.

infants give more attention to unfamiliar stimuli

Episodic and semantic are both forms of ______ memory.

long-term

A microgenetic method is a type of ______ design.

longitudinal

If a psychologist wishes to study an infant, the best approach would involve ______.

observations

Causal reasoning is most likely to evaluate ______.

one cause

The process of inductive reasoning involves identifying ______.

patterns

To defend their solutions, a child is most likely to cite ______.

personal experiences

To group items in an inductive reasoning task, a child is most likely to use ______.

physical characteristics

In a cross-sectional design, age is the ______ variable.

quasi-independent

A 7-month-old child can probably ______.

recognize their own name

Which type of research design should be avoided until participants reach a predetermined level of maturity? experimental correlational case study self-report

self-report

Loraine easily goes through her day without even realizing how much her memory abilities are impacting her life. She easily remembers how to comprehend and produce elements of the English language, how to write with a pen, and how to walk around her neighborhood. These are all examples of Lorraine's ______ memory.

semantic

The memory of a fact is an example of a(n) ______ memory.

semantic

Which cognitive function is most likely to remain intact in an elderly individual? working memory semantic memory cognitive processing speed episodic memory

semantic memory

A phoneme of language is a ______.

sound

A child is most likely to ignore an object that is ______.

stopped

true or false: A child will typically learn nouns before they learn verbs.

true

true or false: An infant is more likely to enjoy "baby talk" than normal adult verbalization.

true

true or false: Metacognition relates to the appraisal of one's own cognitive performance.

true

true or false: The working memory process is an executive function.

true

true or false: When a child is around three years of age, they are able to answer "who" questions.

true

Jasper is developing according to normal milestones for his age, and he is now able to recognize his name, respond to the "no" command, and also recognize the words for two of his favorite foods. Jasper is most likely ______ old.

9 months

Which child is most likely to be 11 months old? Kyle, who is overextending language Soheila, who can recognize the names of body parts Pia, who is learning to recognize her own name Eliza, who is underextending language

Soheila, who can recognize the names of body parts