Ch 14 Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Which of the following is an example of an acquired immunodeficiency?

AIDS

Which of the following is true about the clonal selection theory?

An antigen selects certain B cells to produce a clone of plasma cells.

A person who is B positive will have

B antigens, anti-A antibody, Rh antigen.

Which of the following is specifically responsible for antibody-mediated immunity?

B cell

What is the originator cell for monoclonal antibodies?

B cells

Adaptive immunity depends upon the activity of what type of cells?

B cells and T cells

Which statement is NOT true of the B cells?

B cells require presentation of antigens by macrophages before they are able to recognize the antigen.

Inflammation does not involve

B cells.

How is a lymph capillary like a blood capillary?

Both have thin walls.

Which of these statements is NOT true about complement?

Complement is required for the formation of antigen-antibody complexes.

An antihistamine counters the effects of a histamine. Which of the following is NOT an effect of a histamine?

Decreased blood flow inhibits a pathogen from spreading throughout the body.

A response that does not occur immediately cannot be considered an allergic response even if it appears like one.

False

Inflammation or the inflammatory response is a harmful process that should be avoided.

False

Innate immunity involves B and T cells since you were born with them.

False

Xenotransplantation is the use of animal organs instead of human organs in transplant patients. Scientists are considering using dogs as organ donors because they have long been domesticated by humans.

False

In the later 1800s, the brilliant French chemist Louis Pasteur worked with chicken cholera, passing the disease agent from sick to healthy chickens. He suspended his research and went on vacation for several weeks. When he returned, the old cholera culture he gave to healthy chickens failed to kill them. He assumed his culture was bad and injected these same chickens with a fresh culture of chicken cholera. These chickens remained healthy while new chickens injected with the fresh culture of chicken cholera rapidly became sick and died. From our current knowledge of immunity, how would these observations be explained?

His first disease culture had weakened over time and stimulated the development of active immunity.

During surgery for breast cancer, surgeons will often remove lymph nodes in the armpit. What is the most likely reason for this?

If any cancer cells have entered the lymph, they will travel to the closest lymph node which are in the armpit.

Which antibody class is most responsible for the allergic reaction?

IgE

Most antibodies found in the blood belong to what class of immunoglobulins?

IgG

Which statement is NOT true about the lymphatic system?

Lymph contains the same proteins as found in the blood.

Which statement is NOT true in regards to the inflammatory reaction?

Neutrophils change into macrophages that act as scavengers.

What blood type does an individual have according to the blood typing results illustrated in this figure?

O positive

What is the major drawback to cytokine therapies?

Side effects can be life-threatening.

During organ transplant, which feature is the most important to recognize?

The difference between the MHC proteins of the donor and the recipient.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the lymphatic system?

The lymphatic system consists of blood vessels and lymphoid organs.

Which of the following statements is NOT true in regard to active immunity?

The particular antibody that is formed will react against any virus or bacterial cell.

Which of the following health problems are likely to occur if a person is unable to form the IgE antibodies?

The person would have problems defending themselves against parasitic worm infections as well as lacking an immediate allergic response.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding monoclonal antibodies?

They are produced from plasma cells derived from different B cells.

Which of the following is NOT true of both T cells and B cells?

They both pass through the thymus.

Which of the following is NOT true about T cells?

They produce antibodies.

The textbook describes the problem with Rh factor hemolytic disease of the newborn in the case where the mother is Rh- and the father is Rh+. Which of the following statements is true?

This is only a problem in the given case because the Rh- mother lacks the Rh+ protein and only a Rh+ father could produce an Rh+ child.

An autoimmune disease means that the body attacks itself because it does not recognize itself.

True

Cytokines may be used in cancer and AIDS because they stimulate white blood cell formation and/or function.

True

In order to prevent an allergic reaction, injections of the allergen are sometimes given.

True

When a person is bitten by a venomous snake, a donation of blood plasma from another person who has recently survived the same type of snake bite would provide some passive immunity.

True

Would untreated SCID be considered a lethal disease?

True

In the late 1800s, a Frenchman observed that individuals who recovered from a disease were not susceptible to that same disease again. Therefore, he proposed that the agent that caused syphilis should be given to all young healthy people as a vaccine to prevent them from getting a serious case of the disease. Although the mode of action of vaccines was not yet known, Pasteur argued vehemently against this proposal. And today, we do not follow this procedure for syphilis. Why?

Vaccines are made from weakened disease agents and using the syphilis organisms would spread a full-blown serious disease agent.

The clonal selection theory states that

a B or T cell is activated by binding to/recognizing an antigen, then that cell will be cloned into cells that recognize the same antigen.

Anaphylactic shock may occur due to

a bee sting

In the movie Bubble Boy, Jimmy lives inside a plastic bubble where he is protected from all outside agents. Which type of disease would require a child to live inside a plastic bubble?

a total immune deficiency

Edema can be caused by

accumulation of tissue fluid.

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a innate defense mechanism against infection?

antibodies in mother's milk

A person who is blood type AB has

antigens A and B on the surface of RBCs.

A vaccine contains

antigens that are no longer virulent.

In order to decrease the effects of inflammation, you would take what type of medication?

antihistamine

Interleukin and interleukin antagonists may be used for all of the following except

as treatments for B cell deficiencies.

If we inject three different antigens into a human at the same time,

at least three different plasma cells will be involved in antibody production since each plasma cell only produces one specific antibody.

Which of the following would not lead to an immunodeficiency?

blood transfusion

The larger lymphatic vessels are most similar in structure to

cardiovascular veins.

The complement system contains

certain plasma proteins.

Which protein forms pores in bacterial cell membranes?

complement

Which type of lymphocyte is sometimes called a "killer cell" that brings about destruction of antigen-bearing cells?

cytotoxic T cell

Edward Jenner promoted the use of cowpox infection, that was very similar to more dangerous smallpox, as a vaccination to provide patients immunity from future smallpox epidemics. This was a case of these subjects

developing active immunity.

Elephantiasis is a tropical disease where small nematode larvae block the lymphatic ducts. As a result, the legs become large like those of an elephant and the scrotum and arms may also swell. This problem would be a severe form of

edema.

Which is NOT part of a description of an antibody molecule?

forms an X-shaped protein molecule

Which type of T cell improves the immune response?

helper T cell

Which type of T cell has a TCR that can recognize an antigen fragment presented by antigen-presenting cells with MHC class II proteins?

helper T cells

The AIDS virus attacks

helper T cells.

Which portion of the antibody binds to the antigen?

hypervariable region

Edema cannot be caused by

increased capillary osmotic pressure.

Which of the following is NOT an autoimmune disease?

inflammation

Which of the following are NOT considered lymphoid organs?

kidneys

The spleen has a relatively thin outer capsule and can actually burst due to a blow to the abdomen. A person whose spleen has burst

may need antibiotic therapy.

A cell that is responsible for the ability of an organism to produce a rapid antibody response against a foreign protein when it is encountered years after the first encounter is a(n)

memory B cell.

Which of the following is an example of a mechanical barrier to infection?

mucous membrane

Which blood cells are usually the first to arrive at the site of an infection?

neutrophils

Babies generally appear to be immune to diseases for approximately the first six months of life. After this, they develop more diseases. What could be responsible for this immunity?

passive immunity from the mother

When you have been bitten by a highly venomous snake and received a dose of venom sufficient to kill several people, you do not have the time to build up your own immunity over the next week. However, hospitals carry "antivenom" made from injecting horses with small-to-larger dosages of snake venom, and then harvesting the antibodies from the horse plasma. This is a case of

passive immunity.

Disease-causing agents like viruses or bacteria are considered a(an)

pathogen.

Which type of cell will produce antibodies that are released into the bloodstream?

plasma cell

Which of the following is NOT an example of innate immunity?

plasma cells

Earlier in the history of Western medicine, surgeons did not know the immune function of the thymus gland and it was sometimes removed in children. What symptoms would you now predict these patients might display afterward?

reduced ability to recognize foreign material and distinguish it from body proteins

Lymph is

returned to the circulatory system at the subclavian vein.

Which lymphoid organ has sinuses filled with blood instead of lymph?

spleen

What are the two most common applications of cytokine therapies?

stimulation of blood cells and treatment of cancer

Which lymphatic duct will drain the abdomen?

thoracic duct

Which of the following lymphoid organs is largest during a person's childhood but shrinks in adulthood?

thymus

Tissue rejection following organ transplantation is due to all of the following except

transplantation of tissues from one part of the body to another in the same person.