Ch 15-22 A&P

Erythropoietin

A hormonal substance that is formed especially in the kidney and stimulates red blood cell formation

Which of the following are types of blood?

A, B, AB, O

Term used to describe the reaction of RBCs when mixed with non-matching blood type.

Agglutination

In which structure of the lungs does gas exchange occurs?

Alveoli

Which is the "mother" vessel of the heart from where all arteries branch from?

Aorta

Which vessel is known as the mother of all arteries?

Aorta

Which valves control the flow of oxygenated blood?

Aortic valve and mitral valve

Which vessels are called "conductance vessels"?

Arteries

Which vessels carry blood away from the heart?

Arteries

Which vessels are called "resistance vessels"?

Arterioles

Which receptors sense sudden change in blood pressure?

Baroreceptors

Which white blood cells secretes the anticoagulant heparin?

Basophils

Term used to describe the force that blood exerts against the walls of the blood vessels.

Blood Pressure

Law that describes the relationship between pressure and volume in the lungs

Boyles law

Parts of the bronchial tree

Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli

Structure that regulates the flow of air to the alveoli.

Bronchioles

Which enzymes are indicative of myocardial infarction?

CPK, AST, LDH TROPONIN

Which vessels are called "exchange vessels"?

Capillaries

Which vessels are the smallest and most numerous of all vessels?

Capillaries

Three of the larger clusters of lymph nodes include the following:

Cervical, axillary, and inguinal nodes

What is the function of the platelets?

Coagulation

Which vessels supply the myocardium with oxygen and nutrients?

Coronary arteries

Which vessel drain the unoxygenated blood supply from the myocardium?

Coronary veins

A patient with bronchoconstriction will result in which of the following signs?

Cyanosis

Which blood pressure is the lowest pressure recorded during myocardial contraction?

Diastolic pressure

Which study records electrical electrical signals of the heart?

Electrocardiogram

What condition is caused by the invasion and blockage of lymphatic vessels?

Elephantiasis

Cartilage flap that covers the opening of the trachea during swallowing.

Epiglottis

Which vessels drain blood from the head and neck?

External and internal jugular veins

(True or False) Arterioles are the largest of the arteries.

False

(True or False) Exhalation is caused by muscle contraction.

False

(True or False) Hepatic veins drain oxygenated blood from the liver

False

(True or False) High blood pressure is also known as tachycardia.

False

(True or False) Lymph is a clear pale yellow fluid that resembles blood.

False

Sign prison in a patient with polycythemia.

Flushed face

The space between the vocal chords is called the ________.

Glottis

The percentage of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes in the blood is known as?

Hematocrit

Molecule that carries oxygen in erythrocytes.

Hemoglobin

Term referring to RBC's being broken down rapidly, exceeding the rate of their replacement.

Hemolysis

Term used to describe the process that stops bleeding.

Hemostasis

Which of the followings is an antithrombin agent?

Heparin

What is the result of a vasopressor effect?

Increase blood pressure

Which hormone is released by the kidneys and hypoxemic patients?

Insulin

Structure that prevents food from entering the distal respiratory structures

Larynx

Which side receives the oxygenated blood from the lungs to pump to the body?

Left Side

Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins?

Left atrium

Which heart chamber receives oxygenated blood?

Left atrium and left ventricle

Inguinal lymph nodes drain and cleanse lymph from the _________.

Lower extremities and external genitalia

lymphatic organs are....

Lymph nodes ,Thymus gland, and Spleen

Where is the main control center for a breathing?

Medulla oblongata

MALT refers to.....

Mucosal associated lymphatic tissue

Another name for bone marrow depression.

Myelosuppression

WBCs that perform phagocytosis

Neutrophils and monocytes

Which blood type is the universal donor?

O negative

Which is the correct pathway of low formation?

PTA, Prothrombin, Thrombin, Fibrinogen, Fibrin

Tonsils are....

Palatine,Pharyngeal, and Lingual

Signed present in a patient with low platelet count.

Petechiae

Structure of the respiratory system that conducts food towards the Esophagus.

Pharynx

Which motor nerve supplies the respiratory muscle?

Phrenic nerve

The blood vessels are associated with hepatic circulation...

Portal vein Hepatic vein Hepatic artery

Circulation from the right side of the heart to and through the lungs and back to the heart....

Pulmonary Circulation

Which circulation carries blood from the R ventricle to the lungs and back to the L atrium?

Pulmonary circulation

Which valve regulates blood exiting the left ventricle?

Pulmonary valve

Which valves to control the flow of deoxygenated blood?

Pulmonary valve and tricuspid valve

A _________ is caused by the rhythmic contraction of the ventricles of the heart.

Pulse

Which pressure is the difference between the systolic and the diastolic blood pressure?

Pulse pressure

An anemic patient will have an altered ________ count.

RBC (Red Blood Cells)

Erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes are

Red blood cells, White blood cells, and platelets

RBC, WBC, and thrombocytes are made in

Red bone marrow

Inhalation happens when

Respiratory and intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract

Which side of the heart receives unoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava?

Right Side

Which valve is called the tricuspid valve?

Right atrioventricular valves

Which heart chamber receives a deoxygenated blood?

Right atrium and right ventricle

Which sound is caused by the closure of mitral and tricuspid valve's?

S1

Which sound is caused by the closure of the semilunar valves?

S2

Which sound is caused by vibrations made by the rapid flow of blood into the ventricles?

S3 and S4

Which is the pacemaker of the heart?

SA node

Lymph moves throughout the body due to

Skeletal muscle contractions Movement of chest during respiration Smooth muscle contractions

Where are Peyer's patches found?

Small Intestine

Blood enters the spleen through _____ and cleansed blood leaves the spleen through ____.

Splenic artery, splenic vein

Which blood pressure is the highest pressure recorded during myocardial contraction?

Systolic pressure

Agent responsible for fibrinolysis.

TPA

(True or False) Low blood pressure is also known as hypotension

TRUE

Boyle's Law states that _________.

The smaller the volume the higher the pressure

What type of blood cells does the spleen store?

Thrombocytes

Which hormones are secreted by the thymus gland?

Thymosins

Lymphatic Nodules

Tonsils, Appendix, and Peyer's patches

An Embolus is commonly known as

Traveling Clot

(True or False) Cervical lymph nodes drain and cleanse lymph from the head and neck areas.

True

(True or False) Lymphatic tissue helps the body defend itself against disease

True

(True or False) Pharyngeal tonsils are also called adenoids

True

(True or False) Spleen filters blood rather than lymph.

True

(True or False) The L and R subclavian arteries supply blood to the shoulders and upper arms.

True

(True or False) The diaphragm is the chief muscle of inhalation.

True

(True or False) The superior mesenteric artery supplies blood to most of the small intestine

True

(True or False) The superior vena cava receives blood from the head, shoulders, and upper extremities.

True

(True or False) Thymosins promote the proliferation and maturation of special lymphocytes (T sells).

True

(True or False) When smooth muscle contracts, arterioles become smaller, causing vasoconstriction.

True

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus?

Umbilical vein

Term used to describe the diameter increase of a blood vessel.

Vasodilation

Which vessels are called "capacitance vessels"?

Veins

Which vessels carry blood back to the heat?

Veins

Which vessels receives unoxygenated blood from the body?

Vena Cava

Which vessels are the main veins?

Venae cava

The following are great vessels ...

Venae cava Aorta Pulmonary veins and artery

Term used to describe the movement of air into and out of the lungs.

Ventilation

What are "hearts sounds"?

Vibrations caused by the closure of the heart valves

Serous membrane that covers the lungs.

Visceral pleura

A neutropenic patient at risk for infection will have an alternation in _______ blood cells.

WBC's (White Blood Cells)

Neutropenia

a decreased number of neutrophils

Petechiae

a small red or purple spot caused by bleeding into the skin.

Which chambers receive blood into the heart?

atria

What is the function of the erythrocytes?

carry oxygen

Leukopenia

deficiency of white blood cells

Which transport mechanism moves oxygen across the pulmonary capillaries into the blood?

diffusion

What is fibrinolysis?

dissolving of a clot

Where is the thymus gland located?

mediastinum

Which is the middle layer of the heart?

myocardium

Hematocrit

percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells

In which cavity are the lungs located?

pleural cavity

What is the function of leukocytes?

protection against infection / Immunity

Which is the largest lymphatic organ in the body?

spleen

Structure that extends from the Larynx into the thoracic cavity and splits into the left and right bronchi

trachea

(True or False) Hepatic artery carries oxygenated blood to the liver

true

Which chambers pump blood out of the heart?

ventricles