HIST 222 Exam 1

The second great awakening was shorter in length and not as widespread as the first great awakening

False

Which of the following was not a change to the rules of baseball implemented in the 1880's

First two foul balls counted as strikes

The colonies of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvannia

Middle colonies

Leader of the Parliamentary forces during the British Civil War

Oliver Cormwell

Game of stickball played by Native Americans most closely resembling lacrosse

Toli

Recognized by many as the earliest organized baseball club; focused more on the social aspect of the game

Knickerbockers

What American school was not founded by the 1730's

Princeton

Allowed clubs to reserve the rights of players for their careers

Reserve clause

"Separate Spheres" referred to the different worlds of males and females during the Victorian Era

True

Next incarnation of the game that replaced the barn with a base

One old cat

Virginia, Maryland 1600s

Southern Colonies

Foot races, quibits, skittles, etc

Folk games

First generation Scottish immigrant who inherited the New York Herald newspaper

James Gordon Bennett

Colony based on the Puritans

New England

Which belief was most associated with Arminianism

Universal redemption

One of the earliest superstar players in baseball. Career average of .333 and 3418 hits

Cap Anson

What activity was not a lawful sport in Puritan New England

Cards

The game of Toli was primarily associated with which native tribe

Choctaw

First recognized all salary team in baseball

Cincinnati Red Stockings

Belief that students would learn better in supervised environments far away from the city and evil temptations

Collegiate way

Paper Chases were early versions of which sport

Cross Country

A game introduced to the New York colony by the Dutch. Mostly resembles the modern game of golf

Kolven

Activities allowed by Puritan society which were designed to refresh the mind and body of the participant while being completely disassociated from Britain's Festive Culture

Lawful sport

Known as the last black player to compete in the major leagues before the color barrier set in during the late 1880's

Moses Fleetwood Walker

Second half of the 19th century movement that stressed a blanace of physical and spiritual exercise

Muscular Christianity

Activities deemed to be appropriate in Pennsylvania; similar to Puritan lawful sport; was allowed if it benefited the individual through exercise of providing food

Needful Recreation

Portion of John Cox Stevens property in Hoboken, New Jersey, that was donated for use as cricket fields and the NY Yacht club

Elysian Fields

Where was the YMCA founded

England

Former star pitcher for the Chicago White Stockings who would go on to become a sporting goods magnate; wanted to prove baseball was a uniquely American sport

AG Spalding

Bank clerk and volunteer firefighter who helped form the Knickerbocker baseball club and devised the games first rules

Alexander Joy Cartwright

Considered the frontier to the west of the original colonies settled primarily by Scots-Irish from the borderlands of Britain

Backcountry

An early incarnation of baseball that included bouncing a ball off the side of a barn and allowing another participant to hit it with a stick

Barn ball

Officially called the American Association, it was an early rival the the National League

Beer and Whiskey League

Which of the following stakes horse races was run first

Belmont Stakes

John Cox Stevens was associated with all of the following except

Billards

What was a banned sport, according to the "Book of Sports"

Bowling

The Roman name for Scotland and these clubs revolved around racing and track and field

Caledonian clubs

Benjamin Franklin is most associated with which cultural movement

Enlightenment

Movement away from religion and superstition and an embrace of science and reason

Enlightenment

Which of the following was not a trait of 19th century Victorians

Fabulous wealth

"Rough and Tumble" fighting was often banned in many areas of the Backcountry

False

According to Knickerbocker rules, the bases were 45 paces apart

False

According to the "Book of Sports" May Day festivities would not be allowed to conitnue

False

During the American Revolution, no one participated in sports because it was illegal

False

Great Awakening was a good time for sports in America

False

In most cases immigrant stayed away from the Victorian Counterculture

False

In the first ever intercollegiate baseball game, William college and Amherst agreed to use the old Knickerbocker rule of being able to record an out after catching a batted ball after one bounce

False

Players could bat in any order they wanted and could change that order in the middle of the game

False

Players would throw at runners to get them out as long as they hit them below the neck

False

Sports have never been considered part of the "Collegiate way"

False

Tennis was primarily played by the lower classes of Great Britain

False

The "Walking City" was an urban center in which settled areas were no more than 5 miles from the center of town

False

The Continental Congress outlawed all sports and games exect for cock fighting

False

What was the most popular game of Britain's Festive Culture

Football

A revivalist (back to the bible) movement that began in the 1730's that emphasized a closer relationship with god

Great Awakening

Former cricket player who switched to baseball and was one of the best of the early players; was a player-manager for the Cincinnati Red Stockings

Harry Wright

Stepped in to oversee the running of track and field events for American Colleges

IC4A- Intercollegiate Association of Amateur Athletes of America

Committee that decided Abner Doubleday was the inventor of baseball based on the testimony of one man

Mills Commission

Heir to a steamboat fortune, used his wealth to stage and promote sporting events involving horses, yachts, and people

John Cox Stevens

Builds Jerome park, no alcohol, no fixed races, shortens the races

Leonard Jerome

Was an instructor at the YMCA headquarters and believed in the importance of balancing physical and mental conditioning

Luther Halsey Gulick

Colorful player who started his career in Chicago but was famously sold to Boston for $10,000 in 1887

Michael "King" Kelly

Belief that there was commonality between the middle class of the western industrialized world; common themes included evangelical Protestantism, self-restraint, and hard work

Middle class victorianism

Which of the following was a requirement for a team to join the National League of Professional Baseball Clubs

New teams must be approved by the existing teams

How many playgrounds were produced by the Playground movement

Over 500

Which of the following rules of baseball similar to today's game was not employed by the NY Knickerbockers baseball club in the 1840's

Overhand Pitching

Someone unmarried makes fun of the upper class and the married

Pageant of Misrule

The idea that sports and athletics are a positive alternative to the more negative aspects of city life

Positive sports ideology

British cultural tradition on the first-born son inheriting the family fortune

Primogeniture

Which of the following was not a reason John Montgomery Ward and the players union decided to form their own league in 1890

Problems with 1880's rule changes

A new breed of horse in the colonies that was much smaller than the British thoroughbreds with larger hindquarters bred to race shorter distances of a quarter mile or less

Quarter horses

First major sporting event that received national attention; northern horse Eclipse vs. southern horse Sir Henry

Race of the Century

Recreation that was deemed appropriate by the Victorian middle class including reading newspapers, books, and playing musical instruments

Rational recreation

Why was the Cincinnati club removed from the National League

Refused to stop serving alcohol

Belief during the American Revolution that everything done by the colonists should be separate from Europe

Republicanism

Why did Republicans tend to inhibit sports

Republicans believe a successful republic could not be founded on the idle amusements of the decadent monarchies of Europe

Popular violent sport with no rules in the Backcountry usually contested when there was a real or perceived slights to ones manhood

Rough and Tumble

Laws passed in the colonies to restrict recreation on the Sabbath

Sabbatarian laws

Which of the following venue would you most likely find members of the Victorian Counterculture

Saloons

Restraint imposed by oneself on ones own actions

Self-restraint

As part of the Victorian middle class, there was a separation of sexes

Separate spheres

Subcultures created by the counterculture for those who were interested in specific sports; it was also a place where men can find a surrogate brotherhood

Sporting Fraternities

Games set up by fraternities to showcase their sports and their best competitors

Sporting Spectacles

According to the Puritans, when did the Sabbath begin

Sundown Saturday

What colony would you not find a tavern

They could be found everywhere

Once three more bases were added the game was first called four old cat and eventually this; closely resembles the modern game of baseball

Town Ball

A player was considered out if he hit a ball that was either caught on the fly or after one bounce

True

During the Revolution, George Washington allowed his men to play games (as long as they did not gamble on them)

True

Early American sporting fraternities were based on their British counterparts

True

George Whitefield was a charismatic preacher during the Great Awakening

True

In order to be "Lawful Sport" in New England, the activity had to be disassociated with British "Festive Culture" and refresh the participants to perform their worthy callings

True

It is believed the first ever national and international collegiate sporting events were crew members

True

King James in his "Book of Sports" commanded that no one could be arrested for participating in a lawful sport on the Sabbath as long as they first went to church

True

Non-members of the Knickerbockers baseball club were allowed to play if there were not enough members present

True

The IC4A was formed primarily to host track and field events

True

Made up mainly of working class men from the new industrial economy of the 19th century who were no longer taking pride in their work. Immigrants also made up a large part of this group along with members of the upper class. They were rebelling against the restrain of the Victorian middle class in many ways including competitive sports

Victorian Counterculture

Wrestling, cock fighting, bull baiting

Violent games

First of three stages of development of urban areas in which the edge of town was no more than two miles from the center of the city

Walking City

First person the charge admission for baseball games

William Cammeyer

President of the Chicago White Stockings who formed the National League in 1876

William Hulbert