HIST 222 Exam 1
The second great awakening was shorter in length and not as widespread as the first great awakening
False
Which of the following was not a change to the rules of baseball implemented in the 1880's
First two foul balls counted as strikes
The colonies of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvannia
Middle colonies
Leader of the Parliamentary forces during the British Civil War
Oliver Cormwell
Game of stickball played by Native Americans most closely resembling lacrosse
Toli
Recognized by many as the earliest organized baseball club; focused more on the social aspect of the game
Knickerbockers
What American school was not founded by the 1730's
Princeton
Allowed clubs to reserve the rights of players for their careers
Reserve clause
"Separate Spheres" referred to the different worlds of males and females during the Victorian Era
True
Next incarnation of the game that replaced the barn with a base
One old cat
Virginia, Maryland 1600s
Southern Colonies
Foot races, quibits, skittles, etc
Folk games
First generation Scottish immigrant who inherited the New York Herald newspaper
James Gordon Bennett
Colony based on the Puritans
New England
Which belief was most associated with Arminianism
Universal redemption
One of the earliest superstar players in baseball. Career average of .333 and 3418 hits
Cap Anson
What activity was not a lawful sport in Puritan New England
Cards
The game of Toli was primarily associated with which native tribe
Choctaw
First recognized all salary team in baseball
Cincinnati Red Stockings
Belief that students would learn better in supervised environments far away from the city and evil temptations
Collegiate way
Paper Chases were early versions of which sport
Cross Country
A game introduced to the New York colony by the Dutch. Mostly resembles the modern game of golf
Kolven
Activities allowed by Puritan society which were designed to refresh the mind and body of the participant while being completely disassociated from Britain's Festive Culture
Lawful sport
Known as the last black player to compete in the major leagues before the color barrier set in during the late 1880's
Moses Fleetwood Walker
Second half of the 19th century movement that stressed a blanace of physical and spiritual exercise
Muscular Christianity
Activities deemed to be appropriate in Pennsylvania; similar to Puritan lawful sport; was allowed if it benefited the individual through exercise of providing food
Needful Recreation
Portion of John Cox Stevens property in Hoboken, New Jersey, that was donated for use as cricket fields and the NY Yacht club
Elysian Fields
Where was the YMCA founded
England
Former star pitcher for the Chicago White Stockings who would go on to become a sporting goods magnate; wanted to prove baseball was a uniquely American sport
AG Spalding
Bank clerk and volunteer firefighter who helped form the Knickerbocker baseball club and devised the games first rules
Alexander Joy Cartwright
Considered the frontier to the west of the original colonies settled primarily by Scots-Irish from the borderlands of Britain
Backcountry
An early incarnation of baseball that included bouncing a ball off the side of a barn and allowing another participant to hit it with a stick
Barn ball
Officially called the American Association, it was an early rival the the National League
Beer and Whiskey League
Which of the following stakes horse races was run first
Belmont Stakes
John Cox Stevens was associated with all of the following except
Billards
What was a banned sport, according to the "Book of Sports"
Bowling
The Roman name for Scotland and these clubs revolved around racing and track and field
Caledonian clubs
Benjamin Franklin is most associated with which cultural movement
Enlightenment
Movement away from religion and superstition and an embrace of science and reason
Enlightenment
Which of the following was not a trait of 19th century Victorians
Fabulous wealth
"Rough and Tumble" fighting was often banned in many areas of the Backcountry
False
According to Knickerbocker rules, the bases were 45 paces apart
False
According to the "Book of Sports" May Day festivities would not be allowed to conitnue
False
During the American Revolution, no one participated in sports because it was illegal
False
Great Awakening was a good time for sports in America
False
In most cases immigrant stayed away from the Victorian Counterculture
False
In the first ever intercollegiate baseball game, William college and Amherst agreed to use the old Knickerbocker rule of being able to record an out after catching a batted ball after one bounce
False
Players could bat in any order they wanted and could change that order in the middle of the game
False
Players would throw at runners to get them out as long as they hit them below the neck
False
Sports have never been considered part of the "Collegiate way"
False
Tennis was primarily played by the lower classes of Great Britain
False
The "Walking City" was an urban center in which settled areas were no more than 5 miles from the center of town
False
The Continental Congress outlawed all sports and games exect for cock fighting
False
What was the most popular game of Britain's Festive Culture
Football
A revivalist (back to the bible) movement that began in the 1730's that emphasized a closer relationship with god
Great Awakening
Former cricket player who switched to baseball and was one of the best of the early players; was a player-manager for the Cincinnati Red Stockings
Harry Wright
Stepped in to oversee the running of track and field events for American Colleges
IC4A- Intercollegiate Association of Amateur Athletes of America
Committee that decided Abner Doubleday was the inventor of baseball based on the testimony of one man
Mills Commission
Heir to a steamboat fortune, used his wealth to stage and promote sporting events involving horses, yachts, and people
John Cox Stevens
Builds Jerome park, no alcohol, no fixed races, shortens the races
Leonard Jerome
Was an instructor at the YMCA headquarters and believed in the importance of balancing physical and mental conditioning
Luther Halsey Gulick
Colorful player who started his career in Chicago but was famously sold to Boston for $10,000 in 1887
Michael "King" Kelly
Belief that there was commonality between the middle class of the western industrialized world; common themes included evangelical Protestantism, self-restraint, and hard work
Middle class victorianism
Which of the following was a requirement for a team to join the National League of Professional Baseball Clubs
New teams must be approved by the existing teams
How many playgrounds were produced by the Playground movement
Over 500
Which of the following rules of baseball similar to today's game was not employed by the NY Knickerbockers baseball club in the 1840's
Overhand Pitching
Someone unmarried makes fun of the upper class and the married
Pageant of Misrule
The idea that sports and athletics are a positive alternative to the more negative aspects of city life
Positive sports ideology
British cultural tradition on the first-born son inheriting the family fortune
Primogeniture
Which of the following was not a reason John Montgomery Ward and the players union decided to form their own league in 1890
Problems with 1880's rule changes
A new breed of horse in the colonies that was much smaller than the British thoroughbreds with larger hindquarters bred to race shorter distances of a quarter mile or less
Quarter horses
First major sporting event that received national attention; northern horse Eclipse vs. southern horse Sir Henry
Race of the Century
Recreation that was deemed appropriate by the Victorian middle class including reading newspapers, books, and playing musical instruments
Rational recreation
Why was the Cincinnati club removed from the National League
Refused to stop serving alcohol
Belief during the American Revolution that everything done by the colonists should be separate from Europe
Republicanism
Why did Republicans tend to inhibit sports
Republicans believe a successful republic could not be founded on the idle amusements of the decadent monarchies of Europe
Popular violent sport with no rules in the Backcountry usually contested when there was a real or perceived slights to ones manhood
Rough and Tumble
Laws passed in the colonies to restrict recreation on the Sabbath
Sabbatarian laws
Which of the following venue would you most likely find members of the Victorian Counterculture
Saloons
Restraint imposed by oneself on ones own actions
Self-restraint
As part of the Victorian middle class, there was a separation of sexes
Separate spheres
Subcultures created by the counterculture for those who were interested in specific sports; it was also a place where men can find a surrogate brotherhood
Sporting Fraternities
Games set up by fraternities to showcase their sports and their best competitors
Sporting Spectacles
According to the Puritans, when did the Sabbath begin
Sundown Saturday
What colony would you not find a tavern
They could be found everywhere
Once three more bases were added the game was first called four old cat and eventually this; closely resembles the modern game of baseball
Town Ball
A player was considered out if he hit a ball that was either caught on the fly or after one bounce
True
During the Revolution, George Washington allowed his men to play games (as long as they did not gamble on them)
True
Early American sporting fraternities were based on their British counterparts
True
George Whitefield was a charismatic preacher during the Great Awakening
True
In order to be "Lawful Sport" in New England, the activity had to be disassociated with British "Festive Culture" and refresh the participants to perform their worthy callings
True
It is believed the first ever national and international collegiate sporting events were crew members
True
King James in his "Book of Sports" commanded that no one could be arrested for participating in a lawful sport on the Sabbath as long as they first went to church
True
Non-members of the Knickerbockers baseball club were allowed to play if there were not enough members present
True
The IC4A was formed primarily to host track and field events
True
Made up mainly of working class men from the new industrial economy of the 19th century who were no longer taking pride in their work. Immigrants also made up a large part of this group along with members of the upper class. They were rebelling against the restrain of the Victorian middle class in many ways including competitive sports
Victorian Counterculture
Wrestling, cock fighting, bull baiting
Violent games
First of three stages of development of urban areas in which the edge of town was no more than two miles from the center of the city
Walking City
First person the charge admission for baseball games
William Cammeyer
President of the Chicago White Stockings who formed the National League in 1876
William Hulbert